电力专业英语

电力专业英语华北电力大学电力工程系2023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-2PowerSystemIntroductionPowerdispatchingvoltagecurrentactivepowerreactivepowerstatusofcircuitbreakersStatusofprotectiverelays……电力系统调度2023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-32023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-42023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-52023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-62023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-72023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-8BasicsDC/AC直流/交流Voltage电压Voltagelevel电压等级110v,220v,380v,3kV,6kV,10kV,20kV,35kV110kV,220kV,330kV,500kV,750kV,1100kVPhasevoltage相电压,linevoltage线电压Activepower（realpower）有功功率Reactivepower无功功率2023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-9Basics~Y0ΔY0Δ~~Y0YΔY0YΔY0YΔY0YΔY0Δ~Y0Δ~~~~2023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-10BasicsGeneratorPowerTransformerCircuitbreakerProtectiveRelay…Dispatchingsystem2023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-112023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-122023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-132023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-142023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-152023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-162023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-17PowerDispatchingDispatchingregulationonpowersystem:issuedin1993byStateCouncil.Unifieddispatchingandhierarchicalmanagement:fivelevels.Branch-grid

levelRegionallevelCountylevelNationallevelProvincial

level国调网调省调地调县调2023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-18NationalwidegriddispatchingOperationmanagementofrelatedlarge-scaledplants500(330)KvtransmissionlinesLarge-scaledplantsCoordinateeconomicoperationofvariousbranchgridsMediumandsmallscaleplantsDistributioncenter220Kvtransmissionlines500KvsubstationHighvoltagecustomers220Kvkeysubstation220Kvsubstation110Kv,35Kvsubstation110KvtransmissionlinesandbelowInter-regionalconnectionabove500KvBranch-grid

levelregionallevelCountylevelNationallevelProvincial

level2023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-19Powerdispatchingautomationsystem(调度自动化系统).Thetaskisprovidingtooperators(调度员)allvariouskindsofrealtimeinformationofpowersystem,makingmanagementanddispatchingdecisiontoensuresafetyandeconomicaloperationofpowersystem.SometimesitisalsocalledEMS(EnergyManagementSystem)(能量管理系统)2023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-20EMSincludesthefollowingpoweradvancedsoftware:

LoadForecasting(负荷预测),AutomatedGenerationControl(自动发电控制),StateEstimation(状态估计),TransientStabilityAnalysis(暂态稳定分析),OptimalPowerFlow(最优潮流),DispatcherTrainingSimulator(调度员培训仿真系统)…ThebasicsoftheseadvancedsoftwareisSCADAsystem.2023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-21Thegeneratorvoltagesareintherangeof11to30kV;highergeneratorvoltagesaredifficulttoobtainbecauseofinsulationproblemsinthenarrowconfinesofthegeneratorstator.发电机机端电压范围在11kV至30kV之间。机端电压难以达到更高的原因是由于发电机定子的绝缘问题。2023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-22Transformersarethenusedtostepupthevoltagestotherangeof110to765kV.由升压变压器将电压升至110kV至765kV。InCaliforniathebackboneofthetransmissionsystemiscomposedmainlyof500kV,345kV,and230kVthree-phaselines.Thevoltagesrefertovoltagesfromlinetoline.加州的主干输电网由500kV、345kV和230kV的三相线路组成。上述电压指的是线电压。2023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-23Onereasonforusinghightransmission-linevoltagesistoimproveenergytransmissionefficiency.Basically,transmissionofagivenamountofpower(atspecifiedpowerfactor)requiresafixedproductofvoltageandlinecurrent.Lowerlinecurrentsareassociatedwithlowerresistivelosses(I2R)intheline.采用高输电线电压的原因之一是提高能量传输效率。基本上，当传输一定的功率时（在给定功率因数下），电压和线路电流的乘积一定。降低电流相当于降低线路上的电阻性损耗。2023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-24Theprimaryobjectiveoftheinterconnectionisimprovedservicereliability;alossofgenerationinoneareacanbemadeupbyutilizingsparecapacityinanotherarea.电网互联的主要目的是提高供电可靠性；一个区域损失的发电量可以由另外一个区域的剩余容量供给。2023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-25Decision:BuildorUpgradeCitySubstation城市变电站面临抉择：新建还是扩建Becausemanycitieshaveexperiencedrapidgrowth,theirsubstationshaveoftenreachedthelimitsoftheircapacity.Asaresult,downtowndistributionsystemsareoftenoverworkedandmanyneedamajorupgrade,overhaul,orexpansion.However,spaceisscarce.由于城市不断发展，许多城市变电站已经达到其负荷极限，许多配电站急需升级、检修或扩建，问题是空间不足。2023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-26BCHydrobuiltCathedralSquare,amajor230/12kVundergroundgas-insulatedsubstationlocated62ftunderground,in1984.BC水电公司于1984年建造了这个位于地下62ft（英尺）的230/12kV气体绝缘地下变电站。Ithasthreelevelsundergroundandanurbanparkabove.Itoriginallyhadadozen12kV

feeders,buthassinceundergoneseveralupgrades,includingtheadditionof24feedersforacurrenttotalof36.变电站建在地面以下，分为三层，地面上则是个公园，最初有12条12kV馈电线路，经过几次扩建增加了24条，目前共有36条馈电线路。2023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-27Usingsomedevicessuchasmagnetictemperatureindicatorsthatmeasuredifferentialtemperaturebetweenloadtap-changer(LTC)oiltanksandmaintransformeroiltanks,theutilityhasmovedfromanannualLTCbreakermaintenancescheduletoanas-neededschedule.由于使用了一些电磁温度指示器之类的装置来测量有载调压分接头油箱和主变压器邮箱之间的温差，这家电力公司不必像以前那样，每年都要进行LTC开关维修，而是根据需要随时进行维修。2023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-28On-linemonitoringinformationiscollectedbytheutilitysupervisorycontrolanddataacquisition(SCADA)system,andisthensenttothediagnosticsprogramwherethedataareanalyzedaccordingtopresentparameterssuppliedbyDP&Lengineersandmaintenancepersonnel.在线监测信息是由监控及数据采集系统收集的。信息输入诊断程序，然后根据由DP&L的工程师和维修人员预先设置好的参数进行数据分析。2023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-29On-lineequipmentmonitoringisthoughtbymanytobethenextlevelofgatheringandusingsysteminformation.Movingfromtime-basedpreventivemaintenancetocondition-basedmaintenancerequiresinformationontheoperationalstressequipmentissubjectto.很多人认为在线设备监测是在手机利用系统信息的基础上进行的。从原来的定期进行预防性检修到现在的状态维修，这一转变的关键就是一些主要运行设备的信息。2023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-30参考资料刘然,包兰宇,景志华.电力专业英语(第二版),中国电力出版社.Unitone:Theproductionofelectricalenergy电能生产Abriefhistoryofthepowerindustry能源工业简史Unittwo:Generatorsandmotors发电机和电动机Electricityandelectricalcircuits电与电路Unitthree:Electricalenergytransmission电能输送Transformers变压器2023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-31Email:

hrenNcepu@163.comThanks!2023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-32ImportanceofdispatchingautomationsystemlocalizedprotectiverelayandautomaticequipmentsProtectiverelaysclearfaultasquicklyaspossible.Excitercontrolmaintainsvoltagequalityandbalancesreactivepower.Loadsheddingkeepsfrequencyvariationwithinacceptablerange.……Uselocalinformation.Canclearfaultasquicklyaspossible.Limitation:withoutconsiderationofwholepowersystemsituation.CentralizeddispatchingautomationsystemUseinformationcollectedfrompowerplantsandsubstationsunderthechargeofthedispatchingcenter.2023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-33练习文章题目ResearchoftheEffectforRelayProtectionBasedonSTATCOM(西安交大硕士研究生)EffectofTCSConMeasuredImpedancebyDistanceRelayConsideringMOVOperation(伊朗大学)2023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-34摘要ThispaperdealswiththeinfluenceoftheSTATCOMtotherelayprotection.Thefundamentalcompensationprinciple,themaincircuitandcontrolstrategiesofSTATCOMareallproposed.ThispaperpresentsthemeasuredimpedancebyadistancerelayinthepresenceofThyristorControlledSeriesCompensator(TCSC),oneoftheseriesconnectedFACTSdevice,ontheprotectedtransmissionlineconsideringMetalOxideVaristor(MOV)operation.2023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-35TheoperationlogicoftherelayprotectiveindistributionsystemwithSTATCOMisanalyzed.ManyresearchinthevoltageregularandprovidesefficientdampingofoscillationsbySTATCOMhavebeenstudied[2~3].Theywerefocusedonthetheoryandapplicationofcontroller.ItconcludedthattheeffectrelatedtotheinstalledpositionofSTATCOM.Theshorterthedistance,thegreaterwillbeimpactedbytheharmonics.练习2023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-36专业英语的语法特点惯用时态。专业英语中多用动词的现在时，尤其是多用一般现在时，来叙述事实或真理，客观地表述定义、定律、定理方程式、公式、图标等。用一般过去式来介绍试验情况或叙述事物的历史发展经过等。用一般将来时叙述计划要做的工作和预期获得的结果等。大量使用被动语态。专业英语更注重对事实、方法、性能和特性做出客观表述。采用被动语态能更为客观，有助于将读者的注意力在描述的事物、事实、现象或过程上。大量使用非限定动词。在专业英语中，为了描述的明确、简练，多采用不定式短语、分词短语，特别是分词短语应用较多。2023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-37大量使用名词及介词短语。同样是为了达到明确和简练的要求，在专业英语中多采用名词和介词短语。条件句较多。专业文献中常需提出假设和推理，因而条件句使用较多。长句较多。由于专业英语的作用是陈述事理、描述过程，它所给出的定义、定理、定律或描述的概念及工艺过程，都必须严谨、准确。由此，与日常英语相比，使用的长句较多。有时一个长句就是一个较长的段落。2023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-38长句的翻译翻译长句子时，必须分析清楚原文的结构关系，在理解原文内容的基础上，分清主次，按照时间概念和逻辑顺序重新按汉语习惯加以组合处理，译出的句子既要准确地表达原文，又要符合汉语的习惯。常用的译法有顺译法、倒译法、分译法。顺译法是基本上保留原文的语法结构，依照原文顺序译出。一般地，当原文的语法结构和时间顺序与汉语相同时，可采用顺译法。在翻译过程中，根据具体情况，可增加或省略有关连接词。例如：2023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-39Nosuchlimitationisplacedonanalternating-currentmachine;heretheonlyrequirementisrelativemotion,andsinceastationary

armatureandarotatingfieldsystemhavenumerousadvantages,thisarrangementisstandardpracticeforallsynchronousmachinesratedaboveafewkilovolt-amperes.

交流发电机不受任何限制，惟一的要求是相对移动，而且由于固定电枢及旋转磁场系统具有许多优点，这种安排是所有额定容量超过几千伏安的同步发电机的标准做法。2023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-40顺译法例句（2）Forlargemotors,therefore,aphase-winding

rotorisused,withthewindingconnectedatoneendtoeachotherandattheotherendtoslip-rings,thusenablingtheresistanceoftherotortobevariedatwill,providingagreaterstartingtorqueandsomespeedcontrol.因此，对于大型电机来说，一般采用相绕组转子，其绕线的一端互相连接，而另一端接于轴的滑环上，这样，可随意改变转子的电阻，从而可提供更大的起动转矩，并可适当控制速度。2023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-41倒译法当原文结构层次与汉语相反时，要从英语原文的后面译起，自下而上，逆着原文的顺序翻译，称为倒译法。例如：

Theresistanceofanylengthofaconductingwireiseasilymeasuredbyfindingthepotentialdifference

involtsbetweenitsendswhenaknowncurrentisflowing.已知导线中的电流，只要求出导线两端电位差的伏特数，就不难测出任何长度的导线的电阻。2023/2/2HUIREN@NCEPU45-42倒译法Variousmachinepartscanbewashedverycleanandwillbeascleanasnewoneswhentheyaretreatedbyultrasonics,nomatterho