2020年中考英语热点专题突破训练十一 任务型阅读

第第1页共9页年中考英语热点专题热点11任务型阅读【命题趋势】为了弥补阅读理解客观题（判断是非题与单项选择题）一统天下、考生容易猜测的局面，近年来各地中考英语阅读理解部分都引入了属于主观题性质的任务型阅读，要求考生或填写表格（一般限定词数），或回答问题。这类试题的难度最大，考生如果不能真正读懂并理解文章，就无法下笔。值得一提的是,近年来任务型阅读的主观题在各地中考英语试题中所占的比例越来越大，有的地方试题甚至采用两篇,既要求考生根据文章填写表格，又要求考生在阅读文章后回答问题，但是，综观任何一组中考英语阅读理解试题，试题的难易度分布非常有序。【满分技巧】此类任务型阅读是各种题型的综合，可以给出不同的任务让学生逐一完成。一般是在问题设计上兼顾了多种类型，既有根据短文设计的问答题和相应的翻译题、句型转换等，又有根据内容完成句子，完成这一题型应非常细致，应认真地到原材料中收集有用的信息，并且经过整理输出信息。在明白题意和文章的基础上仔细阅读后面的题目要求，根据实际情况去完成所要求的任务。具体答题策略如下：认真审题，读懂题意由于目要求形式多样，在同一篇阅读材料中会要求完成不同的任务，因此解题前要先明确任务，做到心中有数。快读阅读，掌握大意在做影时要快速扫视一下文章的大意，然后结合前面的题目的要求，大致明白所要完成的任务。细读题目，完成任务在明白题意和文章意思的基础上，仔细阅读后面的题目要求，在原文中找出问题题干所包括的信部分，这样就可以快速准确地抓住有效信思，确保答题的佳确性。如果是根据英文释义写单词的题，则一定要确保所填的单词来源于原文，切不可脱离原文，随意发挥。【热点话题】（建议用时：30分钟）阅读、健康、垃圾分类及说明建议类等。【限时检测】A（2019天津市）话题：交朋友难度：★建议用时：7分Friendsareanimportantpartofourlives．Wespendtimewiththem，havefuntogether．andshareouropinions，feelingsandevensecrets．Lifewouldbeboringwithoutfriends．Friendsinfluencewhowearehelpuslearn,support（支持）usingoodandbadtimesandcareforusevenwhenwearenothappy．Often．wehavemanyhappymomentswithourfriends．Weneedsomeonetosharethingswithtomakethemmoreenjoyable．Beinglonelyforlongperiodsoftimeisnotagreatfeeling．Thatiswhyitisimportanttospendtimemakingfriendsandnurturing（维持），aclosegroupoffriends．Itisimportanttohaveafriendtotalkto,whether（不论）itisaboutasadorhappysubject.Ingoodtimes，itiswonderfultobeabletocelebratewithsomeone．Itisalsoimportanttohavesomeonesupportyouifyouhavejusthadanunpleasantexperience.Friendsarcimportantpillars（中心人物）ofsupport.Friendsteachusimportantlessons．Notwopersonsarethesame．Astimegoesby,welearntorespectoneanother'sdifferences．Thisacceptanceofothers'differencesisimportantaswemeetmoreandmorepeopleinourlives,suchasnewfamilymembers,neighboursandnewfriends．Lifewithoutfriends.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zBeinglonelyforlongperiodsoftime.Itisimportanttohaveafriendtotalkto,whether.Youneedsomeonetosupportyouif.Notwopersonsarethesame,soweshould.【答案与解析】【文章大意】本文介绍的是朋友的重要性,以及如何与朋友相处wouldbeboring.细节理解题.根据第一段最后的句子Lifewouldbeboringwithoutfriends,"没有朋友,生活将是很无聊的"，可确定此处要填写wouldbeboring.故答案为wouldbeboring.isnotagreatfeeling.纟田节理解题.第三段最后的句子Beinglonelyforlongperiodsoftimeisnotagreatfeeling,意思是"长时间的寂寞不是一种好的感觉".根据这个句子判定此处应该填写isnotagreatfeeling.答案为isnotagreatfeelingitisaboutasadorhappysubject细节理解题根据文中的句子Itisimportanttohaveafriendtotalkto,whetheritisaboutasadorhappysubject,"有一个朋友去聊天儿是很重要的,不管你谈的是难过的还是快乐的话题".因此应该填写itisaboutasadorhappysubject.故答案为itisaboutasadorhappysubject.youhavejusthadanunpleasantexperience细节理解题根据文中的句子Itisalsoimportanttohavesomeonesupportyouifyouhavejusthadanunpleasantexperience可以确定此题答案是youhavejusthadanunpleasantexperience.这话的意思是"如果你刚刚有一个不愉快的经历，你需要有人来支持你".故答案为youhavejusthadanunpleasantexperience．learntorespectoneanother'sdifferences.纟田节理解题.文章说Notwopersonsarethesame.Astimegoesby，welearntorespectoneanother'sdifferences，"没有两个人是相同的.随着时间的流逝，我们学会尊重别人的差别"，因此看出此处要填写learntorespectoneanother'sdifferences.故答案为learntorespectoneanother'sdifferences.B（2019•江苏省无锡市）话题：茶文化难度：★★建议用时：7分阅读填空先通读下面的短文，然后根据短文内容，在文章后表格的空格内填入一个最恰当的单词。所填单词必须写在答题卡对应题号的横线上。每个空格只能填一个单词。Britonsarewellknownfordrinkingtea.Theaverage（典型的）personintheUKdrinksaround1.9kgofteaeveryyear.That'saround876cupsoftea.Teaisdrunkbyalllevelsofsociety.ButteadoesnotgrowinBritain.MostteagrowsinIndiaandChina.So,howdiditbecomeanimportantpartofBritishculture?TeaarrivedinLondoninthe1600s.Atthistime,BritishshipswereexploringtheworldandcameacrossthedrinkinChina.Itwasnotlongbeforegreenteacouldbeboughtfromthemarket.However,itwasonlyfortherichpeople.Atthebeginningofthe1700s,theamount（数量）ofteaarrivinginBritainincreasedrapidly.Blackteaarrivedatthistime.AtfirstthisteaservedexactlyasitwasinChina.Theysoondiscoveredthatitmixedreallywellwithalittlemilkandsugar,givingthedrinkaspecialBritishcolour.Inthe1800s,teawasstillaproductenjoyedonlybypeoplewithmoney.Atthistimetheybegantohave“afternoontea”.Theydrankteawithasnackaround4pmtoavoidfeelinghungrybetweenlunchanddinner.Itisastillgoingtodaybuthasbecomelesspopularinrecenttimes.Title:_1andBritain—ashorthistoryImportantfactsDrinkingteaisanimportantpartofBritishculture.TheaverageBritishdrinksabout1.9kgofteaeveryyear.Teaisnot2intheUK.butmostlyinIndiaandChina.BigeventsBritishshipsdiscoveredteainChinawhileexploringtheworldanditarrivedinLondoninthe1600s.Blackteaarrivedatthebeginningofthe1970sandBritonsfirstdrankitexactlythesamewayasthe3did.Alittlemilkandsugarwerefoundtobeaperfect4forblackteaandaspecialBritishdrinkwasborn.Britonsbegantohave'afternoontea'inthe1800sandithas5atraditionsincethen.【答案与解析】【文章大意】本文介绍了茶是如何成为英国文化的重要组成部分的？英国人以喝茶而闻名。但是茶在英国不生长。大多数茶叶生长在印度和中国。茶在16世纪到达伦敦，在17世纪初，到达英国的茶叶数量迅速增加。在19世纪，英国人开始喝“下午茶”。从那时起，它就成了一种传统。tea【解析】细节理解题。根据So,howdiditbecomeanimportantpartofBritishculture?那么，它是如何成为英国文化的重要组成部分的呢？可以推知本文解释了茶是如何成为英国文化的重要组成部分的。因此题目应该是茶与英国一一一段短暂的历史。故答案为：tea。grown【解析】细节理解题。根据ButteadoesnotgrowinBritain.但是茶在英国不生长。所给的句子Teaisnot2intheUK,butmostlyinIndiaandChina.是一般现在时的被动句，故应该填grow的过去分词grown。所以答案为：grown。Chinese【解析】细节理解题。根据AtfirstthisteaservedexactlyasitwasinChina.起初，这种茶和中国的茶一模一样。句子Blackteaarrivedatthebeginningofthe1970sandBritonsfirstdrankitexactlythesamewayasthe—3—did•的意思是：红茶在20世纪70年代初问世，英国人第一次喝红茶的方式和中国人完全一样。所以答案为：Chinese。colour【解析】细节理解题。根据Theysoondiscoveredthatitmixedreallywellwithalittlemilkandsugar,givingthedrinkaspecialBritishcolour.他们很快发现，它与少量的牛奶和糖很好地混合，使这种饮料具有英国特有的颜色。可知，本题应该填:colour；句子Alittlemilkandsugarwerefoundtobeaperfect4forblackteaandaspecialBritishdrinkwasborn.的意思是：少量的牛奶和糖被发现是红茶的完美颜色，一种特殊的英国饮料诞生了。所以答案为：colour。became【解析】细节理解题。根据Itisastillgoingtodaybuthasbecomelesspopularinrecenttimes.它在今天仍在进行，但近来已不那么流行了。也就是说：从那时起，就成了一种传统。句子Britonsbegantohave‘afternoontea'inthe1800sandithas___5___atraditionsincethen.的意思是：19世纪，英国人开始喝下午茶，从那时起，它就成了一种传统。本句话是现在完成时。其结构是：助动词has/have+动词的过去分词。所以答案为：became。C（2019•岳阳市）话题：电影难度：★★建议用时：7分阅读短文，然后根据短文内容，简要回答下列问题。AmazingChinaisa90-minutedocumentaryaboutthedevelopmentofChina.Manypeoplehavewatchedit.Weaskedsomestudentshowtheylikedthismovie.Herearetheiropinions.ThedirectorWeiTiemadethissuccessfulmovie.ItshowsthatChinahasprogressedrapidlyinthepastnearly70years.——LiLin▲Thismoviedrewapictureofcommonpeople'sgreatwork,I'mproudofourcountrybecausealltheChinesetrytoachieveChinesedream.——XuWeiInthisdocumentary,wesawthelongestsea-crossingbridgeintheworld,HongKong-Zhuhai-MacaoBridge.Now,Chinaalsohaslongerhigh-speedrailnetwork（高铁网）thananyothercountry.——LiuYangThefilmhelpedpeopletoknowChinabetter.Thestoriesinthemovietouchedmyheartdeeply.Fromthenon,Idecidedtoworkharderthanbefore.——HuangLeiWhatkindofmovieisAmazingChina?Whoisthedirectorofthismovie?WhyisXuWeiproudofChina?Whichisthelongestsea-crossingbridgeintheworld?DidAmazingChinatouchHuangLei'sheart?【答案与解析】【文章大意】《厉害了，我的国》是一部90分钟的纪录片，展现了中国的发展历程，很多人都观看了这部影片，他们都被这部电影震撼到了。短文中给我们介绍了几位学生对这部影片的看法。Adocumentary【解析】根据短文第一句话AmazingChinaisa90-minutedocumentaryaboutthedevelopmentofChina.可知，《厉害了，我的国》是一部纪录片。故应回答Adocumentary.。WeiTie【解析】根据短文第二段的开头ThedirectorWeiTiemadethissuccessfulmovie可知，这部电影的导演是魏铁。故应回答WeiTie.。BecausealltheChinesetrytoachieveChinesedream.【解析】根据短文第三段中I'mproudofourcountrybecausealltheChinesetrytoachieveChinesedream.可知，许巍为我们的国家感到骄傲，因为所有的中国人都努力地实现中国梦。由此可知答案为BecausealltheChinesetrytoachieveChinesedream.HongKong-Zhuhai-MacaoBridge.【解析】根据短文第四段中Inthisdocumentary,wesawthelongestsea-crossingbridgeintheworld,HongKong-Zhuhai-MacaoBridge.可知，世界上最长的跨海大桥是港珠澳大桥。由此可知答案为HongKong-Zhuhai-MacaoBridge.Yes，itdid.【解析】根据短文最后一段中黄磊所说的话Thestoriesinthemovietouchedmyheartdeeply.可知，电影中的故事深深地触动了他的心。由此可知答案是肯定的。D（2019•贵阳市）话题：运动难度：★★★建议用时：7分根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有一项为多余选项。Howmuchphysicalactivitydoyoudoinaweek?Areyougettingenoughexercise?___1___Forexample,peoplewhoexerciseregularlyarelesslikelytosufferfrommanydiseases.Regularexercisereducestheriskofearlydeathby30%.Italsoimprovesyoursleepquality.Today,mostadultsaremuchlessactivethaninthepastbecauseourjobsarefarlessphysicalthantheworkourgrandparentsusedtodo.___2___Thislackofregularphysicalactivitymeanspeopleburnfewercaloriesthaninthepast,soweneedtodosomethingtoconsume（消耗）ourenergy.Expertsthinkadultsneedtodo2.5hoursofmoderateexerciseperweek.3Exercisecanbeexpensive,butitdoesn'thavetobe.Teamsportssuchasfootballcanbecheapbecausealltheplayerssharethecostofthefield.___4___Itcanalsobeverysocial.Ifyoudon'twanttospendanymoney,tryoneofthefollowingactivities.Goforarun.Theonlyequipmentyouneedisapairofrunningshoes.Ifyoutakethebus,trygettingoffonestopearlyandwalkingtheextradistance.Gotothepark.5Youcanplaydifferentkindsofgamesthere.Thisisagreatwaytoinvolvefamilymembersandfriends.Inshort,therearemanyeasywaysofkeepingfit.Ifweallrecognizethevalueofdoingthis,wewilllivelongerandbehealthier.A,Trygettingagroupoffriendsorfamilytogether.E<Thiscouldbefastwalkingorcyclingonaflairoad.C.Regularactivitybenefitsyourhealthinmanyways.I）,YoushouldgetmoreexerciseandeatlesstokeepfibJoiningasportsclubisacheapwayofgettingexercise.F.Manyofusspendsevenhoirrj?ormorejust昌ittingonachaireachday.【答案与解析】【文章大意】这篇短文主要是鼓励人们运动并对如何运动提出了建议。C【解析】根据下文Forexample,peoplewhoexerciseregularlyarelesslikelytosufferfrommanydiseases.Regularexercisereducestheriskofearlydeathby30%.Italsoimprovesyoursleepquality.可知上文是有规律的活动在许多方面对你的健康有益。故选C。F【解析】根据下文Thislackofregularphysicalactivitymeanspeopleburnfewercaloriesthaninthepast,soweneedtodosomethingtoconsume（消耗）ourenergy.可知上文是每天我们许多人花费7个小时或更多仅仅坐在一个椅子上。故选F。B【解析】根据上文Expertsthinkadultsneedtodo2.5hoursofmoderateexerciseperweek可知下文这能快走或在平地上骑自行车。故选B。E【解析】根据上文Teamsportssuchasfootballcanbecheapbecausealltheplayerssharethecostofthefield可知下文是加入一个足球俱乐部是锻炼的一个便宜的方式。故选E。A【解析】根据下文Youcanplaydifferentkindsofgamesthere.Thisisagreatwaytoinvolvefamilymembersandfriends.可知上文是尝试和家人或朋友一起去。故选A。E(2019•黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市)话题：就业，暑期工作难度：★★★建议用时：6分Iamaplasticbottle.aweekago,Iwasonasupermarketshelf.Ihadanormallife,thesameasallmybrothersandsisters-otherbottlesfull4A)water.Ifeltreallyhappy.Thenatallwomanpickedmeupandputmeinherbasket!Thewomantookmehomeandputmeinthefridge.Ifeltcold,butIsoonmadefriendswiththecansandbottlesinit.However,onlyafewhourslater,shetookmeoutofthefridgeanddrankthewaterinsideme.Thenshethrewmeintoadustbin.(C)丨feltverylonely.Earlythenextmorning,amantookmeoutofadustbin.Hethrewmeandtheotherrubbishintothebackofatruck.Thereweresomanyterriblesmells.ThenIwaspushedtogetherwiththerestoftherubbish.SoonIwascompletelyflat(压扁).Icouldn'tbelievehowthinIbecame.Isleptforawhile.WhenIwokeup,Ifound(Binaterribleplace.Everythingaroundmewasuglyandhadterriblesmells.Ifeltafraid.IkeptexpectingthatIwouldbemovedsomewhereelse.Thenhugetruckscameandcovered(D)uswithalayer层)ofsoil.Iaskedanotherbottlewhatwouldhappentous.Hesaidthatwewouldneverleavethisterriblecrowdedplace,butwouldhavetostayhereforthousandsofyears.“Whycan'ttheyreuseus?”Icried.阅