【课件】Unit 4 Discovering Useful Structures（Restrictive Relative Clause）课件高中英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

Unit4NaturalDisastersPeriod3DiscoveringUsefulStructures定语从句TheAttributiveClauseWhatisattribute?Whatistherestrictiverelativeclause?RelativewordTipsCONTENTSWhatisattribute?1、My

brotherlikesplayingbasketball.2、Ihavesomething

importanttotellyou.3、Theboy

inblueisTom.4、Thesmiling

boyneedsapenboughtbyhismother.01在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。常译为：“……的”4Theyaretalkingaboutamathsproblem.Itisverynearfromheretohisschool.ThemanupstairsisaprofessorofShandongUniversity.Thepictureonthewallwasdrawnbymydaughter.Thedormitorybuiltlastyearisforfreshmen.Therearetenstudentsintheclassroom.

限定词+名词形物代形容词介短分词Summary:1st:定语位置？2nd:什么可以做定语？

数词Whatistherelative/attributiveclause?1、Definition2、Form02Whichrobotdoyouprefer?Robot?Hi,Icancleanthehouse.Hello,Icanplaytheguitar.IprefertherobotcanplaytheguitarwhichtherobotTherobotIhavereadthebook

iscalledJaneEyre.whichthebookThebookIlovetheboyisverykindandhandsome.whotheboyTheboy简化图示ThestructureoftheAttributiveClause:共有词主句：从句：共有词关系词主句从句先行词关系词定语从句ThemanwhoranfastestisLiuxiang.先行词(antecedent)关系词(relatives)定语从句(AttributiveClause)注意:1.先行词一定是名词或者是代词.2.关系词处在先行词和定语从句之间主句3.从句一般情况下都紧跟着先行词.PracticeUsetheRelativestocombinetwosentencesintoone.Thewoman

isateacher.Shelivesnextdoor.Thewoman

isateacher.wholivesnextdoorThetreeisveryold.ItisinfrontofmyhouseThetree

isveryold.whichisinfrontofmyhouse12Sheisabankteller.Shehelpedusopenanaccount.Mr.Liisanarchitect.Hisdesignsforthenewtownhavewonpraise.Thesupplieswereprovidedtothedisasterarea.Theywherecollectedfromaroundthecountry.Sheisfeedingthebaby.Thebabysurvivedtheearthquake.Sheisabanktellerwhohelpedusopenanaccount.Mr.Liisanarchitectwhosedesignsforthenewtownhavewonpraise.Thesupplieswhichwereprovidedtothedisasterareawerecollectedfromaroundthecountry.Sheisfeedingthebabywhosurvivedtheearthquake.Summary:什么是定语从句？定语从句的功能？定语从句的构成？定语从句的写法？13RelativeWord1、Function2、Classification03关系词关系词的作用指代先行词连接主句和从句在从句中充当成分RelativeWord16RelativePronoun关系代词

RelativeAdverb关系副词关系限定词关系代词的选用取决于被修饰词（先行词）which,who,whom,that,whose,asWhere,when,whyRelativePronoun

关系代词Thefish(which)Iboughtthismorningwasnotfresh.Theyignoredthedetailswhichmightaccountfortheaccident.Youareconcernedaboutpeoplewhohavesufferedalotintheearthquake.Dannywastheman(who)werescuedfromtheruins.ZhongNanshanisournationalhero(whom)weshouldrespect.Thenumberofpeoplethatcometovisitthiscityeachyearreachesonemillion.Thisisthesuitcase(that)sheislookingfor.Thisisabookthatinterestsme.Chinaisnotthecountry(that)itwas.Sheisthegirlwhosebrotherworksabroad.17指物，作宾语指物，作主语指人，作宾语指人，作主语指人，作宾语指人，作主语指物，作宾语指物，作主语指物，作表语指…的,表所属关系，作定语关系代词as引导的定语从句as既可指人也可指物。在定语从句中可作主语、宾语或表语。它常用在thesame…as，suchas.等结构中as不能省略。Suchreasons_____wegivecanpersuadehimtogiveuphisfoolishplan.I'llbuythesamedictionary__________youhave.asas当先行词被thesame修饰时，也可用that引导定语从句但指同一物，而不是同一类。Thisisthesamebike___________llosttwomonthsago这就是两个月前我丢的一辆自行车。Thisisthesamebike__________llosttwomonthsago这辆自行跟两个月前我丢的那辆一样。thatas(同一辆自行车)(同样的自行车，但不是同一辆)19定语从句的关系代词关系代词先行词在句子所做的成分Showtimethatwhichwhomwho人、物物人人主语、宾语主语、宾语宾语主语、宾语、表语whose人、物定语as人、物主语、宾语、表语20PS.①关系代词指代先行词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。√(whom/who/that)昨天晚上我们看的两部电影非常吓人Thefilmthat/whichwesawitlastnightwasveryfrightening.Thefilm(that/which)wesawlastnightwasveryfrightening.②关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可以省略。那就是你前几天所提的女孩吗?Isthatthegirl

youspokeoftheotherday.判断关系代词的步骤steps：21确定先行词表述的是“人”

还是“物”Step1：找出先行词看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（主语、宾语…）Step2：找到谓语动词（前主谓/介后宾）选择合适的关系词Step3：找到定语从句例句分析22这是一本吸引了很多人的书。(interest)句子主干：这是一本书。Thisisabook.这本书吸引了很多人Thebookinterestsmanypeople.Step1：被限定的名词，即先行词为：abook，指代物指代物的关系词为which/thatStep2：谓语动词为interest宾语：manypeopleStep3：谓语动词前缺失主语成分，先行词=关系词，abook，指代物，作主语，关系代词为which/that，三单主语，动词为三单which/thatinterestsmanypeople关系代词既作主语又作引导词Thisisabookwhich/thatinterestsmanypeople.猜一猜！看谁反应快!CompetitionTheman_________cametoourschoolisMr.Wang.Thegirl_________________ImetisLucy.Achild_______parentsaredeadiscalledTom.Ilikethebook____________youboughtyesterday.Weshallneverforgetthedays____________wespenttogether.Iliketheperson_________youjusttalked.Ihavearoom________windowfacessouth.Roseistheperson

youshouldcareabout.Iknowtheperson____________housewastotallydestroyedintheearthquake.who,thatwhom,that,who,/whosethat,which,/that,which,/towhomwhose用适当的关系代词填空whom,that,who,/whoseTips只能用that不用which的情况只用which不用that的情况只用who的情况表所有关系及整体中的一部分或全部时，用介词of,有时可用whose转换。04(1)先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much

等不定代词时。Iamsureshehassomething_____

youcanborrow.(2)先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时。I’vereadallthebooks_____youlendme.1、只能用that不用which的情况(that)thatDoyouhaveanything_____youdon’tunderstand?(that)Pleasesendusanyinformation_____youhaveaboutthesubject.that(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。Thisisthefirstbook_____hehasread.(that)Itisthemostbeautifulcity_____I’veeverseen.that(4)先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时。Thisistheverybook

_____

belongstohim.thatHeistheonlyperson_____waspresentatthetime.that(6)先行词是who或which引导的主句。

(7)先行词在从句中作表语(5)先行词既有人又有物时。Thefamouswriterandhisworks_____theradiobroadcastarepopulartothestudents.thatthatthatthatWho

isthegirl_____

drovethecar?Thevillageisnolongertheone______itusedtobe.Heisnolongertheboy______heusedtobe.Which

istheT-shirt

fitsmemost?that(1)关系代词在限制性定语从句中紧跟介词作宾语（介词提前）。2、只用which不用that的情况(2)

在非限制性定语从句中。

underwhichonwhichwhichTherearemanytrees

theycanhavearest.Thisisthering

shespent1000dollars.Football,

______isaverypopulargame,isplayedallovertheworld.(3)当先行词本身为指示代词that时Whataboutthatwhichhadappearedinrecentactivities.那个怎么样，在最近的活动中出现过.(结合具体语境看that所指代的是什么)3、只用who的情况One____hasnothingtofeardarestotellthetruth.Theones____laughatthedisabledarenotgoodstudents.Anyone____failstofinishthetaskshouldbepunished.Those____wanttogotoTheGreatWallsighuphere.whowhowhowho先行词是one,ones,anyone,those时用who.4、定语从句中的主谓一致31

关系代词在从句中作主语时，定语从句谓语动词的形式根据_________的形式确定.Theoldtownhasnarrowstreetsandsmallhousesthat______builtclosetoeachother.I'mfondofthatPieceofmusicwhich_______popularwiththeteenage.先行词areis

oneof+复数名词+定语从句(复数谓语)

theonlyoneof+复数名词+定语从句(单数谓语)2Heisoneofthestudentswho________agoodcommandofFrench.他是精通法语的学生之ー。(thestudents为先行词)Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho___________agoodcommandofFrench.他是学生中唯一精通法语的。(theonlyone为先行词)havehas4、

表所有关系及整体中的一部分或全部时，用介词of,

有时可用whose转换。I’mpaintingahouse__________isround.2)Theyliveinahouse,_______windowsfacesouth.Theyliveinahouse,thewindows_________facesouth.ofwhichwhoseofwhichwhoseroof1)I’mpaintingahouse,theroof_________isround.引导词用错.如：Thebookwhichcoverisgreenwaslostyesterday.(应改为______)语序用错.如：IsthereanythingelsethatcanIdoforyou?(应改为______)无先行词如：Isthismuseum_____youvisitedlastSaturday?(应该填________)

Isthisthemuseum______wevisitedlastSaturday?

(应该填________)4.关系词代替的成分在从句中又出现。如：

Doyouknowtheboywhom/who/thatItalkedwithhimjustnow?(应改为______)whoseIcantheonethat定语从句常犯的问题him/Areyouclearnow?

OK.Let’sdosomeexercise!Completeeachsentencewiththat,which,who,whose,whom,or“/”

ThentranslatethesentencesintoChinese.361.Herearesomeofthepeople______homesweredestroyedbythetyphoon.2.Theterribleshakingofthebuildingwokeupallthepeople__________wereasleep.3.Thenextday,peopleputupsheltersintheopenairusinganything_________theycouldfind.4.Severaldayslater,mostofthebuildings_____________hadbeendamagedbythehurricanewererepaired.5.Theinjuredboy________motherwaslostinthedisasterwastakentothehospital.6.Thewomanwroteathank-youlettertothesoldierby________shewasrescued.7.Isthistheyoungboy_____________savedseveralotherstudentstrappedunderbuildings.that或whichthat或/who或thatwhosewho或thatwhomwhoseRelativeAdverb

关系副词37时间地点原因Itwasatimewhenpeopleweredividedgeographically.那是一个人们在地理上被分开的时代。BeijingistheplacewhereIwasborn.北京是我出生的地方。Isthisthereasonwhyherefusedtoofferhelp.这是他拒绝帮忙的理由吗？关系副词有什么作用？如果定语从句的主语位和宾语位都被占，则关系词不能为关系代词关系副词when:先行词为表示时间的名词，在定语从句中作时间状语；如：day,time,holiday,year,times(时代),period(期间),point(时刻)等；when常可以替换成during/on/in/atwhichBythetime_______youarrivedinLondon,wehadstayedtherefortwoweeks.当你到达伦敦的时候，我们在那里已经待了两个星期。Eachtime________hegoesonabusinesstrip,hebringsalotoflivingnecessities,suchastowels,soap,toothbrushetc.他每次出差都带着生活必需品，如毛巾，肥皂，牙刷等其他东西。定语从句的主语位已占谓语动词定语从句的宾语位已占when定语从句的主语位已占谓语动词定语从句的宾语位已占when关系副词where:先行词为表示地点的名词，在定语从句中作地点状语；如：place,school,hotel,city,country,factory,park,yard等；where常可以替换成

on/in/atwhichIstillremembertheplace________Imetherforthefirsttime.我仍然记得我第一次见到她的地方。That’sthehotel________wearestayingnextweek.这就是我们下周要住的旅馆。Thisisthevillage_________hewasborn.这就是他出生的村子。where先行词定语从句的主语已占,而且stay为不及物先行词先行词wherewhere定语从句的主语已占,而且“出生”后面不能带宾语定语从句的主语位和宾语位已占关系副词why:先行词为reason，在定语从句中作原因状语；why常可以替换成forwhichWedon’tknowthereason_________hedidn’tshowup.我们不知道他为什么没有来。Shedidn’ttellmethereason_________sherefusedtheoffer.她没跟我讲她拒绝这项工作的原因。定语从句的主语位和宾语位已占whywhy先行词先行词定语从句的主语位已占,showup为不及物动词短语Themainreason________helosthisjobwasthathedrank.他丢掉工作的原因是他酗酒。Wealldidn'tbelievethereason_____________heexplainedtous.我们都不相信他向我们解释的那个原因。注意辨析先行词先行词定语从句的主语位已占,谓语动词explained为及物动词，先行词在explained后作宾语whywhich/that定语从句的主语位和宾语位已占将介词+先行词还原到定语从句中Doyouremembertheday____________________youjoinedthesingingclub？你还记得你加入唱歌俱乐部的那一天吗？先行词定语从句的主语位和宾语位已占when/onwhichyoujoinedthesingingclubontheday,在先行词前加介词on，作定语从句的时间状语

将介词+先行词还原到定语从句中Thisisthehouse__________________Ilivedtwoyearsago.这是我两年前住过的房子。先行词定语从句的主语位已占，谓语动词live为不及物动词where/inwhich还原定语从句为Ilivedinthehouse在先行词前加介词in，作定语从句的地点状语

定语从句的谓语动词为不及物动词将介词+先行词还原到定语从句中Thebossacceptedthereason________________hewasnotavailableforthemeeting.老板接受了他没有参加会议的原因。先行词定语从句的主语位和宾语位已占why/forwhichhewasnotavailableforthemeetingforthereason在先行词前加介词for，作定语从句的原因状语

Thosedays________________youcouldtravelwithoutapassporthasgone.那些你不用带护照可以旅行的日子一去不复返了。That`sthemotel________________westayedseveralyearsago.那是我们许多年以前住过的汽车旅馆。Thehouse_______________Iboughthasalovelygarden.我买的房子带着个漂亮的花园。Thehouse_______________I'mlivinghasalovelygarden.我住房子带着个漂亮的花园。Givemeonegoodreason_______________Ishouldhelpyou.给我一个我应该帮助你的充分的理由。when/onwhichwhere/atwhichthat/whichwhere/inwhichwhy/forwhich根据汉义用定语从句补全句子1.Therearemanyreasons________________________________.(人们学习一门外语的）2.Hecouldn'tremembertheplace______________________(他藏钱的).3.Areyoutheperson_________________________(他们正在寻找的).4.Fortheyoungpeople____________________________(想出国学习的)ourschoolisagoodchoice.5.Thedays___________________________________(中国人被人看不起的)aregone.6.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyears,hereturnedtothesmalltown________________(他长大的)asachild.7.Thisisthereason______________________________.(他开会迟到的)whypeoplelearnaforeignlanguagewherehehidthemoneywhomtheyarelookingforwhowanttogoabroadtostudywhenChinesewerelookeddownuponwherehegrewupwhyhewaslateforthemeetingUnderlinetheclausesinthesentencesanddecidewhethertheyarerestrictiverelativeclausesorobjectclauses.1.ThereasonwhyhefoundGermansodifficultwasbecauseofitsgrammar.2.A:Haveyoudecidedwhereweshouldgoforourholidayyet?B:Afterlearningfortwoyears,IreallywanttovisitacountrywhereFrenchisspoken.3.Accordingtoanoldstory,therewasonceatimewhenthewholeworldspokeonlyonelanguage.4.ThispassageintroduceshowChinesecharactershavechangedovertime.arestrictiverelativeclausearestrictiverelativeclausearestrictiverelativeclauseanobjectclauseanobjectclause要点：名词后跟定语从句动词后跟宾语从句PractiseFillintheblanks:(usingrelativespronouns)Therewasatyphoon______attackedHuzhouonOct.7th