【课件】Unit 4 Natural Disasters DiscoveringUseful Structures定语从句（课件）人教版2019必修第一册

定语从句Attributiveclause2019人教版必修一Unit4NaturalDisastersDiscoveringUsefulStructures定语从句的定义：定语+从句定语：用来修饰名词代词的形容词等。主要是形容词。从句：从句是相对于主句而言的。从句一定有连接词引导。

Iwaslateforclass,becausemyclockdidn’tgooff.定语从句：用来修饰一个名词或者代词的句子叫做定语从句。也叫形容词性从句。PS:定语从句可以翻译出一个“的”字。主句从句连接词定语从句的结构主句：含有被修饰的名词从句：引导词+修饰名词的句子Thisisa

bookthat

Iboughtonline.主句中被修饰的名词叫做先行词，连接主句和从句的连词叫做关系词。定语从句的功能定语从句用来修饰限定一个名词或者代词。主要是限定所指人或事物的范围。强调哪个（种）人，哪个（种）物。Ihavea

book.我有一本书（泛指）Ihaveabook（thatIboughtonline）.我有一本网上买的书。

（指明这本书是网上买的，而不是其他地方来的。言外之意他还有一些其他地方来的书。）定语从句的分类和区别限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式没有逗号隔开有逗号隔开功能是指明哪个（种）人，哪个（种）物。删除后句意受影响。没有指明哪个（种）人，哪个（种）物。只是补充说明。删除后句意不受影响。Hehasasisterwhoisadoctor.他有一个当医生的姐姐。（不止一个姐姐）Hehasasister,whoisadoctor.他有一个姐姐是一名医生。（只有一个姐姐）关系词的分类根据关系词在从句中是否充当基本成分可将关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。关系词关系代词代人whowhomwhosethat主宾表宾语定语主宾表代物which

whosethat主宾表定语主宾表关系副词时间when作状语，不作基本成分。地点where原因Why关系词的使用规则1.先行词为物，只能使用that不能使用which的情况：(1)当先行词为不定代词：all,both,neither,none,either,any,everything,nothing,something,anything,much,many,few,afew,little,alittle.(2)当先行词被all,both,some,no,every,any,each,much等修饰时;(3)当先行词被序数词、最高级修饰；(4)当先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast,thesame修饰；(5)当先行词即有人又有物时。例句Ihavetakendown

everything

thattheteachersaid.Ihavetakendownallthatisimportant.Allthebooksthatyouboughtareinteresting.ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveread.ShoppingistheonlythingthatIwanttodo.Weoftentalkaboutthe

peopleandthings

thatweremember.不定代词不定词修饰最高级修饰唯一修饰人物同时先行词为物，只能用which不能用that的情况只能用which的情况：介词后面，逗号后面。1、介词后面，指物的关系代词只能用which；The

house

in

which

we

live

is

farfromschool.

Thepaintingforwhichhepaid$1,000wasonceownedbyabusinessman.2、逗号后面，指物的关系代词只能用which。I

live

in

Kunming,

which

is

the

capital

of

Yunnanprovince.Thebigreddog,whichwasveryoldnow,becameillanddied.3.上下文出现that，避免重复使用which。练一练1.Doyou

have

anything

you

want

to

say

for

yourself?2.Thesportsmeetingwasputoff,

astonishedme.3.Allthepresents

yourfriendsgaveyouonyourbirthdayshouldbeputaway.4.Thisisthebestfilm

I'veeverseen.5.Thisistheverybus

I'mwaitingfor.6.Itlookslikethesamebook

youboughtinthebookstore.7.Heisalwaysthefirstman

comestoclassroom.thatthatthatthatthatwhowhich8.Thebuildingin_______shelivedwasdemolished.9.Wedependonthelandfrom________wecangetourfood.10.Wedependontheland_______wecangetourfoodfrom.11.Shewonthefirstprize,_______wasmorethanweexpected.12.Thefilm________wesawlastnightwasveryinteresting.13.Thefilm,________wasshowedlastnight,wasverymoving.14.Hisfatherpassedawayyesterday,________cameasasuddenshock.

whichwhichwhichwhichwhichWhich/thatWhich/that关系词的使用规则2.只能使用who不能使用that的情况：(1)当先行词为人称代词：he,she,they,one(s),anyone,nobody等.HewhohasneverbeentotheGreatWallisnotatrueman.(2)当先行词为指示代词时:those,these;Thosewhoareeasilycontentarealwayshappy.Godhelpthosewhohelpthemselves.(3)当先行词为people或是表示人的集体名词时；Peoplewhoworkhardarealwaysfortunate.(4)非限制性定语从句中Hehasasister,whoisateacher.练习2.Doyou

knowanyone

cansolvethisproblem?3.Iadmirethose

arehonest,brave,diligent.4.Theyareaudience

areinvitedtowatchthisplay.5.Heisthebestman

I'veeverknown.6.Heisalwaysthelastone

leavesthedormitory.7.Sheisalwaysthelastone

goes

backtothedormitory.最高级修饰指人、物的先行词，关系词用that/who都可以。定语从句的谓语动词跟先行词保持一致。whowhothat/whowhowhowho关系词的使用规则3.关系代词的省略问题：非限制性定语从句中一定要有关系代词，不可省略。关系代词做主语两种从句均不能省略。限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词都可以省略，非限制性定语从句中不能省。Ilikethebook,which

yougiveme.（非限制定从作宾语，不能省which）Ilikethebook(that/which)yougiveme.（限制定从作宾语，可省that/which）关系词的使用规则4.非限制性定语从句中，代人作主语只能用who,作宾语用who(m)均可，但是whom更为正式，很少用于口语。代物只能用which作主语或宾语，不能用that，指的是某样东西，或者前面提到的一整件事。Iliketeachers,who

arehumorous.（代人做主语，不能用that）Iliketeachers,who(m)

Icanaskforhelp.（代人作宾语，who，whom均可）Ilikethisbook,which

yougiveme.（代物作宾语，指的是书）Hemademistakesagain,which

madetheheadteacherangry.(代物做主语，指的是一整件事)关系词的使用规则5.如果先行词和从句的主语有所属关系要用whose，可用在限制性也可用在非限制性定语从句中。whose也可以放在介词后面：inwhosecar;fromwhosebook。Iliketheroomwhosewindow

faceseast.(房间的窗子)Iwenttohelphim,whose

moneygotlost.(他的钱)Ivisitedmyuncle,inwhosehouse

Ispentthesummervacation.关系词的使用规则6.非限制性定语从句中，如果从句主语和先行词存在整体与部分关系时，我们要用（all,both,each,many,most,neither,none,part,some,基数词，序数词，最高级）+ofwhich/whom。Theyaremystudents,threeofwhom

arefromBeijing.Ihavetenbooks,allofwhich

areinteresting.关系词的使用规则7.介词后面的关系词只有which(代物)和whom(代人)，不能用that或者who。Heismyfriendwithwhom

Isharemyhappiness.ThisisareferencebookwithoutwhichIcouldn’tpasstheexam.练习Idon’tthinkthathewillcometoseeme,

makesmesad.Thisisthescientist

achievementsarewellknown.Heisafamousstar,in

gardenliesaswimmingpool.Helivedinabighouse,infrontof

stoodabigtalltree.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson,to

shecouldturnforhelp.whichwhosewhosewhichwhom关系词的使用规则8.什么时候用关系副词？

当先行词在从句中不作基本成分(主、宾、表)，而且先行词表示时间地点和原因，在从句中作状语。翻译分别为：when(在那个时候)、where(在那个地方)、why(因为这样)。why的先行词一定是reason。Circlethetwo

clubswherethesetwoconversationshappened.(P12)Iwenttomyuncle’shouse,where

Ispentmyvacation.Nooneinmoderntimesknewaboutthetombuntil1974,when

somefarmersdiscoveredthetomb.(P30)Therewasatimewhen

thetwobrotherswalkedtoschool.Myclockdidn’tgooff.Thisisthereasonwhy

Iwaslateforclass.关系词的使用规则9. 注意：当有的先行词表示一种抽象的地点且在从句中做地点状语，不作基本成分时，要用where。该类词有：point,case,activity,system,situation,

position,stage,occasion,job,race,letter,platform,email,environment,atmosphere等。Ijoinedalotofactivitieswhere

Ilearntalot.Hegaveuphisfirstjobwhere

hesufferedalot.练习Istillremembertheday

IfirstcametoBeijing.Istillrememberthedays

wespenttogether.Canyoutellmetheoffice

heworks?Theyhavereachedthepoint

theyhavetoseparate.Doyouknowthereason

heisabsent?He'sillbadly.Thisis

heisabsent.Heislateforschoolagain.Thisis

hisalarmclockdidn‘tgooff.whenthatwherewherewhywhybecause不缺成分缺成分不缺成分不缺成分定从；不缺成分表语从句接结果表语从句接原因关系词的使用规则:特殊的引导词as10. as引