高考冲刺英语阅读理解课堂练（17）答案解析

2020高考英语：阅读理解课堂练（17）PassageThirty--Three(AStrongStockMarket)

Theincreaseinthemarginratefrom50%to70%wasnotanattempttostemanyrampantspeculationonthepartofthepublic—actuallythemarketseemedtechnicallyquitestrong,withpublicparticipationessentiallydignified—butratheranattemptbytheFederalReserveBoardtopreservethesoundunderpinningsthatexistedinthemarket.Naturally,suchamovehadamomentarilychillingeffectuponpricesbutiftheFRBhadbeenpreoccupiedwithunduespeculation,theincreasemighthavebeentothe80%oreven90%level.Suchanincreasesinthemarginrateisaconfirmationofastrongstockmarketandsince19…,suchincreaseshaveresultedininterimmarkethighsovertwelvemonthslater.Obviously,therecouldbenoguaranteethatthiswouldonceagainbethecase,butifhistoryisanyguideline—andifbusinessandcorporateearningsweretocontinueonthesamecourse—continuedoptimismovertheoutlookforthestockmarketwouldseemmoreprudentthanpessimism.

Themarginincreaseunderscoredthegoodrisethatstockshadenjoyedforthepreviousyear—andthefactthata50%ratewasmaintainedaslongasitwaspointedupthefactthattherisewasmainlyconservativeinthatitwasconcentratedinthebluechipsforthemostpart.InpastInvestmentLetterswehavevoicedthethoughtthatspecialtystockscouldoutperformthegeneralmarketfromthispoint.Wecontinuetobelievethatthiscouldbethecase.Forexample,steelstockstendtosellatcertainfixedprice/earningsratios.Belowacertainratiotheyareconsideredgoodvalue—aboveacertainratio,overpriced.Ifacompanyproducesauniqueproductitisfarmoredifficultformarketanalysistoplaceanumericalratiouponthecompany’searnings.WehavealsocontendedinthepastLettersthatthestockmarketreflectsmasspsychologyaswellasthebusinessoutlook.Wheninvestors—boththepublicandtheinstitutions—arenervousandpessimistictheydefinitelyhesitatetobuystocks:theyseeklowprice/earningsmultiplesandhighyields.Thesesameinvestors—whentheyareinanoptimisticframeofmind—becomeforlesspreoccupiedwithyieldsandmorewillingtopayapremium(highp/emultiples)foracceleratedgrowth.Ifthepublic’sattitudetowardstheautoindustryisanymeasure,thenthisperiodseemstohavebeenoneofoptimism.1.Thetitlethatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis________.A.ATimetoSellStock.

B.AStrongStockMarketC.RaisingtheMarginRate

D.Price/earningsRatioinSteel2.Wheninvestorsarepessimisticwhatdotheydo?A.TheylooktotheFRBforhelp.

B.TheybuysteelC.Theybuyautomobilestocks.

D.Theylookforhighyields.3.Whydoesthewriterbelievethatspecialtystockscouldoutperformthegeneralmarket?A.Becauseanalysishavedifficultyindecidinguponafixedprice/earningsratio.B.Becausetheactivityhadbeenlimitedtobluechips.C.Becausetherisewasconservative.D.BecauseoftheFRBaction.4.Wheninvestorsareoptimistic,whatdotheydo?A.Theylookforacceleratedgrowth.

B.Theybuyspecialtystocks.C.Theylookforhighyields.

D.Theyaremoreprudent.Vocabulary1.

marginrate

保证金率，边际比率2.

rampant

无约束力，猖獗的，蔓延的3.

stem

遏制4.

stemfrom

滋长，源自5.

underpin

加强……基础，支持6.

underpinning

支持物，基础（建筑物下的）7.

preoccupy

先占，使专心于，吸引住8.

undue

过分的，非法的，不适当的9.

interim

间歇；暂时的，间歇的10.

guideline

方针，指导路线11.

underscore

在……下面划线，强调12.

pointup

加强，强调13.

bluechip

兰筹股票14.

blue-chip

兰筹的15.

outperform

在使用上胜过16.

overprice

将……标价过高17.

numericalratio

数率，数字比率18.

earnings

收益，利润，收入19.

contend

竞争，坚决主张，争论20.

premium

佣金，酬金难句译注1.Theincreaseinthemarginratefrom50%to70%wasnotanattempttostemanyrampantspeculationonthepartofthepublic—actuallythemarketseemedtechnicallyquitestrong,withpublicparticipationessentiallydignified—butratheranattemptbytheFederalReserveBoardtopreservethesoundunderpinningsthatexistedinthemarket.[结构简析]是not…but句型，两个破折号中间是插入成分；中插入一个带with+n+participle短语[参考译文]保证金率从50%增长到70%，并不是想要遏制群众方面猖獗的投机，而是联邦储备委员会想要保持现存于股市强劲基础——事实上股市由于群众非常庄严的参与——在技术上看起来相当强劲。2.Obviously,therecouldbenoguaranteethatthiswouldonceagainbethecase,butifhistoryisanyguideline—andifbusinessandcorporateearningsweretocontinueonthesamecourse—continuedoptimismovertheoutlookforthestockmarketwouldseemmoreprudentthanpessimism.[结构简析]复合句。中间有插入语ifclause,进一步说明条件。[参考译文]显然，不可能保证这种情况再次出现（情况再是这样）。可是，如果历史具有指导方针的话——如果商业和公司的利润仍然保持在同样轨道上——那么对股市前景乐观似乎要比悲观更精确些。3.Themarginincreaseunderscoredthegoodrisethatstockshadenjoyedforthepreviousyear—andthefactthata50%ratewasmaintainedaslongasitwaspointedupthefactthattherisewasmainlyconservativeinthatitwasconcentratedinthebluechipsforthemostpart.[结构简析]这句句子内有四个thatclause：第一个that是goodrise的定语从句。第二个和第三个that都是thefactthat句型。但第二个thefactthat中，aslongasitwas,指头一年，pointedup是谓语。第四个是inthat连词，义：因为。写作方法与文章大意

文章论述“强劲证券市场”的种种情况。首先是联邦储备委员会为保持强股市基础要求保证金率增长。这种增长过去，现在，将来都能巩固强市。其次由于绝大部分集中在兰筹股上，使股市看好上升趋于保守，引出行业股比普通股吃香。最后是投资者心情和股市强弱有关。答案详解1.B.强劲证券市场（强市）。见难句译注1和第一段第三句：“那种保证金率的增长有力的巩固了强劲证券市场。从19……年起，这种增长导致一年来股市屡创新高。A.买出股票的时候。

C.提高保证金率。

D.钢的市盈率。这三项都不对，它们只是文中涉及的方面。2.

D.他寻找高业绩（即公司的产量或投资收益）。见文章倒数第三句：“当投资者——公众和团体机构——紧张而又悲观时，他们肯定在买进股票上举棋不定；他们寻求低价格/利润倍数和高额利润。A.他们寻求联邦储备委员会的帮助。

B.他们买进钢材。

C.他们买进汽车股票。3.A.

因为在决定定价/利润比上难以分析。见第二段第二句：“在过去的投资保证上我们一直表达了这样的思想：行业股票在使用上可能超过普通股。我们依然相信情况可能就是这样。举例说：钢股往往在一定价格/利润比上抛出。低于一定比率，可认为股是好价值，而高于一定比率就是超价。如果一个公司就生产独一无二的产品，那市场分析就很难对公司所得定出数比。“B.因为股市活动受兰筹股所限。

C.因为行情上升保守。这两项见难句译注3。

D.由于联邦储备基金会的行动。4.A.他们寻求加速的增长。见文章倒数第二句：“同样是这些股民，当投资者（对股市前景）持乐观态度时，他们不太关注（公司的）业绩（产值）而愿意以高价来购买具有高成长性的股票。”PassageThirty--Four(ReligionandRationality)

Yetthedifferenceintomeandlanguagemuststrikeus,sosoonasitisphilosophythatspeaks:thatchangeshouldremindusthatevenifthefunctionofreligionandthatofreasoncoincide,thisfunctionisperformedinthetwocasesbyverydifferentorgans.Religionsaremany,reasonone.Religionconsistsofconsciousideas,hopes,enthusiasms,andobjectsofworship;itoperatesbygraceandflourishesbyprayer.Reason,ontheotherhand,isamereprincipleorpotentialorder,onwhichindeedwemaycometoreflectbutwhichexistsinusideallyonly,withoutvariationorstressofanykind.Weconformordonotconformtoit;itdoesnoturgeorchideus,notcallforanyemotionsonourpartotherthanthosenaturallyarousedbythevariousobjectswhichitunfoldsintheirtruenatureandproportion.Religionbringssomeorderintolifebyweightingitwithnewmaterials.Reasonaddstothenaturalmaterialsonlytheperfectorderwhichitintroducesintothem.Rationalityisnothingbutaform,anidealconstitutionwhichexperiencemaymoreorlessembody.Religionisapartofexperienceitself,amassofsentimentsandideas.Theoneisaninviolateprinciple,theotherachangingandstrugglingforce.Andyetthisstrugglingandchangingforceofreligionseemstodirectmantowardsomethingeternal.Itseemstomakeforanultimateharmonywithinthesoulandforanultimateharmonybetweenthesoulandallthatthesouldependsupon.Religion,initsintent,isamoreconsciousanddirectpursuitoftheLifeofReasonthanissociety,science,orart,fortheseapproachandfillouttheideallifetentativelyandpiecemeal,hardlyregardingthefoalorcaringfortheultimatejustificationoftheinstinctiveaims.Religionalsohasaninstinctiveandblindsideandbubblesupinallmannerofchancepracticesandintuitions;soon,however,itfeelsitswaytowardtheheartofthings,andfromwhateverquarteritmaycome,veersinthedirectionoftheultimate.

Nevertheless,wemustconfessthatthisreligiouspursuitoftheLifeofReasonhasbeensingularlyabortive.Thosewithinthepaleofeachreligionmayprevailuponthemselves,toexpresssatisfactionwithitsresults,thankstoafondpartialityinreadingthepastandgenerousdraughtsofhopeforthefuture;butanyoneregardingthevariousreligionsatonceandcomparingtheirachievementswithwhatreasonrequires,mustfeelhowterribleisthedisappointmentwhichtheyhaveoneandallpreparedformankind.Theirchiefanxietyhasbeentoofferimaginaryremediesformortalills,someofwhichareincurableessentially,whileothersmighthavebeenreallycuredbywell-directedeffort.TheGreedoracles,forinstance,pretendedtohealoutnaturalignorance,whichhasitsappropriatethoughdifficultcure,whiletheChristianvisionofheavenpretendedtobeanantidotetoournaturaldeath—theinevitablecorrelateofbirthandofachangingandconditionedexistence.Bymethodsofthissortlittlecanbedonefortherealbettermentoflife.Toconfuseintelligenceanddislocatesentimentbygratuitousfictionsisashort-sightedwayofpursuinghappiness.Natureissoonavenged.Anunhealthyexaltationandaone-sidedmoralityhavetobefollowedbyregrettablereactions.Whenthesecome,therealrewardsoflifemayseemvaintoarelaxedvitality,andtheverynameofvirtuemayirritateyoungspiritsuntrainedinandnaturalexcellence.Thusreligiontoooftendebauchesthemoralityitcomestosanctionandimpedesthescienceitoughttofulfill.

Whatisthesecretofthisineptitude?Whydoesreligion,soneartorationalityinitspurpose,fallsoshortofitinitsresults?Theansweriseasy;religionpursuesrationalitythroughtheimagination.Whenitexplainseventsorassignscauses,itisanimaginativesubstituteforscience.Whenitgivesprecepts,insinuatesideals,orremouldsaspiration,itisanimaginativesubstituteforwisdom—Imeanforthedeliberateandimpartialpursuitofallfood.Theconditionandtheaimsoflifearebothrepresentedinreligionpoetically,butthispoetrytendstoarrogatetoitselfliteraltruthandmoralauthority,neitherofwhichitpossesses.Hencethedepthandimportanceofreligionbecomesintelligiblenolessthanitscontradictionsandpracticaldisasters.Itsobjectisthesameasthatofreason,butitsmethodistoproceedbyintuitionandbyuncheckedpoeticalconceits.1.Asusedinthepassage,theauthorwoulddefine“wisdom”as________.A.thepursuitofrationalitythroughimagination.B.anunemotionalsearchforthetruth.C.apurposefulandunbiasedquestforwhatisbest.D.ashort-sightedwayofpursuinghappiness2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUE?A.Religionseeksthetruththroughimagination,reason,initssearch,utilizestheemotions.B.Religionhasprovedanineffectivetoolinsolvingman’sproblems.C.Scienceseeksapiecemealsolutiontoman’squestions.D.Thefunctionsofphilosophyandreasonarethesame.3.Accordingtotheauthor,sciencediffersfromreligioninthat________.A.itisunawareofultimategoals.

B.itisunimaginative.C.itsfindingsareexactandfinal.

D.itresemblessocietyandart.4.Theauthorstatesthatreligiondiffersfromrationalityinthat________.A.itreliesonintuitionratherthanreasoning.B.itisnotconcernedwiththeultimatejustificationofitsinstinctiveaims.C.ithasdisappointedmankind.D.ithasinspiredmankind.5.Accordingtotheauthor,thepursuitofreligionhasprovedtobe________.A.imaginative.

B.aproviderofhopeforthefuture.C.ahighlyintellectualactivity

D.ineffectual.Vocabulary1.

grace

恩赐，仁慈，感化，感思祷告2.

chide

责备3.

sentiment

情感4.

inviolate

不受侵犯的，纯洁的5.

intent

意义，含义6.

piecemeal

一件件，逐渐的，零碎的7.

bubbleup

起泡，沸腾，兴奋8.

veer

改变方向，转向9.

abortive

夭折的，失败的，中断的，流产的。10.

pale

范围，界限11.

draught

要求12.

oracle

神谕宣誓，预言，圣言13.

antidote

解毒药，矫正方法14.

correlate

相互关系15.

dislocate

使离开原来位置，打乱正常秩序16.

gratuitous

无偿的，没有理由的。17.

debauch

使失落，放荡18.

sanction

支持，鼓励，认可19.

impede

妨碍，制止20.

ineptitude

不恰当，无能，愚蠢21.

insinuate

暗示22.

remould

重塑，重铸23.

aspiration

抱负，壮志24.

arrogate

没来由反把……归于（to）25.

literal

朴实的，字面的26.

intelligible

可以理解的。27.

conceit

幻想，奇想难句译注1.Yetthedifferenceintomeandlanguagemuststrikeus,sosoonasitisphilosophythatspeaks:thatchangeshouldremindusthatevenifthefunctionofreligionandthatofreasoncoincide,thisfunctionisperformedinthetwocasesbyverydifferentorgans.[参考译文]

可是音调和语言的差异必然很快的给我们深刻的印象，就像哲学所说的那样：那种差异应提乡我们，即使宗教的功能和理性的功能恰好相符的话，其功能也是通过不同的器官在两种不同的情况下完成的。2.Reason,ontheotherhand,isamereprincipleorpotentialorder,onwhichindeedwemaycometoreflectbutwhichexistsinusideallyonly,withoutvariationorstressofanykind.[参考译文]

另一方面，理性知识一种原则或者是潜在的秩序，我们确实可以在此基础上存在于我们心中，没有种种变化，或任何压力。3.Weconformordonotconformtoit;itdoesnoturgeorchideus,notcallforanyemotionsonourpartotherthanthosenaturallyarousedbythevariousobjectswhichitunfoldsintheirtruenatureandproportion.[参考译文]

不论我们是否遵循理性，它不会极力鞭策或责备我们，除了以事物的本来面目和比例揭示各种事物而自然而然的激起我们的感情，它并不需要我们付出任何感情。4.Religion,initsintent,isamoreconsciousanddirectpursuitoftheLifeofReasonthanissociety,science,orart,fortheseapproachandfillouttheideallifetentativelyandpiecemeal,hardlyregardingthefoalorcaringfortheultimatejustificationoftheinstinctiveaims.[参考译文]

宗教在其意义上，比社会，科学，艺术更自觉，更直接的追求“理性生活”，因为这些东西（社会，科学，艺术）暂时而又零星的接近和填补理想的生活，无视目的，也不管其本能的目标是否最终证明正确。5.

oneandall

各个都，全部6.Thosewithinthepaleofeachreligionmayprevailuponthemselves,toexpresssatisfactionwithitsresults,thankstoafondpartialityinreadingthepastandgenerousdraughtsofhopeforthefuture;butanyoneregardingthevariousreligionsatonceandcomparingtheirachievementswithwhatreasonrequires,mustfeelhowterribleisthedisappointmentwhichtheyhaveoneandallpreparedform