高三英语学法指导1

高三英语学法指导与基础训练一、谈谈阅读理解阅读是高考的重点和难点。阅读理解在高考试卷中占分40分，如果加上完型填空题（有人称之为缺词阅读）30分，那就是70分，占了将近总分的一半。高考之所以重视阅读理解，是因为阅读是一种比较高级的语言能力，它是获取更综合、更复杂、更精确信息的必要手段。阅读能力也是做好其他题型，如听力、单项填空、短文改错和书面表达的基本因素。阅读理解的考核是在语篇中进行的，也易于考查观察、判断、推理与综合的能力。阅读理解题一般考五篇文章，包括故事、科普文章、新闻报道、议论文和应用文（如广告、产品说明、电报等）。五篇文章加上所问问题，总单词量在个左右，要求在35分钟内完成。阅读速度平均为每分钟60个词。做好阅读理解题的必备条件:1、能迅速看准每一句的结构，找出主句的主语、谓语和宾语。2、有一定的词汇量和分辨词义词性的能力。3、能灵活运动所学过的语法和词汇知识，对影响意思理解的复合句、非谓语动词短语、关联词语、后置定语、省略、替代和跳跃等语言现象做出正确判断。4、有良好的思维能力。会边看边加工所得到的信息，从而做出正确的推理判断，综合概括，准确理解表面意思和深层含义。5、会精读，也会跳读和略读。6、具有相当的阅读实践经验和良好的语感。7、对英美文化有一定了解。在准备阅读理解测试时，要明确阅读的能力是靠大量阅读的实践练出来的。有志于提高阅读水平的同学，应该每天坚持读三四篇文章,日积月累，才能逐步提高阅读水平。读的时候要注意精读与泛读相结合。精读的文章力求弄懂每一句话，每一个词，必要时要请教老师,翻查词典。泛读的文章，一般是难度较小的文章，只求理解文章大意，有些词甚至句子不懂也没关系，尽量不查词典，这样可以保证一定的速度和量。泛读对培养语感，提高速度有很大好处。可惜有同学不重视泛读，以为阅读就是逐字读，这其实是片面的。二、练习与解析In1901,H.G.Wells,anEnglishwriter,wroteabookdescribingatriptothemoon.Whentheexplores（探险者）landedonthemoon,theydiscoveredthatthemoonwasfullofundergroundcities.Theyexpressedtheirsurprisetothe“moonpeople“theymet.Inturn,the“moonpeople“expressedtheirsurprise.“Why,"theyasked,“areyoutravelingtoouterspacewhenyoudon'tevenuseyourinnerspace?”G.Wellscouldonlyimaginetraveltothemoon.In1969.humanbeingsreallydidlandonthemoon.Peopletodayknowthattherearenoundergroundcitiesonthemoon.However,thequestionthatthe“moonpeople^^askedisstillaninterestingone.Agrowingnumberofscientistsareseriouslythinkingaboutit.Undergroundsystemsarealreadyinplace.Manycitieshaveundergroundcarparks.Insomecities,suchasTokyo,SeoulandMontreal,therearelargeundergroundshoppingareas.The€tChunner,,atunnel（隧道）connectingEnglandandFrance,isnowcomplete.Butwhataboutundergroundcities?Japan'sTaiseiCorporationisdesigninganetworkofundergroundsystems,called“AliceCities."Thedesignersimagineusingsurfacespaceforpublicparksandusingundergroundspaceforflats,offices,shopping,andsoon.Asolardome（太阳能穹顶）wouldcoverthewholecity.Supportersofundergrounddevelopmentsaythatbuildingdownratherthanbuildingupisagoodwaytousetheearth'sspace.Thesurface,theysay,canbeusedforfarms,parks,gardens,andwilderness.H.G.Wells,t4moonpeople"wouldagree.Wouldyou?Theexplorersin11.G.Wells'storyweresurprisedtofindthatthe“moonpeople,,knewsomuchabouttheearthunderstoodtheirlanguageliveinsomanyundergroundcitieswereaheadoftheminspacetechnologyWhatdoestheunderlinedword"it”(Paragraph2)referto?Discoveringthemoon'sinnerspace.Usingtheearth'sinnerspace.Meetingthe“moonpeople”again.Travelingtoouterspace.Whatsortofundergroundsystemsarealreadyherewithus?Offices,shoppingareas,powerstations.Tunnels,carparks,shoppingareas.Gardens,carparks,powerstations.Tunnels,gardens,offices.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?AliceCities—citiesofthefutureSpacetravelwithH.G.WellsEnjoylivingundergroundBuildingdown,notupC2.B3.B4.D.解答本题时，可从开头段中theexplorers登上月球后的发现找出线索：…theydiscoveredthatthemoonwasfullofundergroundcities,也就是本题题干与选项C结合而成的说法：Theexplorers***tofindthatthe“moonpeople“livedinsomanyundergroundcitieso.注意此句重心在后，强调的是：…youdon'tevenuseyourinnerspace,也即选项B所说的Usingtheearth'sinnerspaceo.通过跳读迅速将探索范围缩小到第3日，其主题句即为Undergroundsystemsarealreadyinplace,然后列出这些systems的名称：carparks,largeundergroundshoppingareas,atunnelo.短文开头explorers与moonpeople之间的对话中即已点明useinnerspace,也就是builddown这一主题；结尾段中则更为明确地将全文主题(undergrounddevelopm6nt)解释为buildingdownratherthanbuildingupisagoodwaytousetheearth'sspace,,由此可以确定本题答案为D。(2)LONDON(Reuters)—Organicfruit,deliveredrighttothedoorstep.ThatiswhatGabrielGoldprefers,andheiswillingtopayforit.Ifthisisnotpossible,the26-year-oldcomputertechnicianwillspendtheextramoneyatthesupermarkettobuyorganicfood."Organicproduceisalwaysbetter,Goldsaid."Thefoodisfreeofpesticides(农药),andyouaregenerallysupportingfamilyfarmsinsteadoflargefarms.Andmoreoftenthannotitislocally(本地)grownandseasonal,soitismoretasty.”Goldisoneofagrowingnumberofshoppersbuyingintotheorganictrend,andsupermarketsacrossBritainarecountingonmorelikehimastheygrowtheirorganicfoodbusiness.Buthowmanyshoppersreallyknowwhattheyaregetting,andwhyaretheywillingtopayahigherpricefororganicproduce?MarketresearchshowsthatGoldandotherswhobuyorganicfoodcangenerallygiveclearreasonsfortheirpreferences-buttheirknowledgeoforganicfoodisfarfromcomplete.Forexample,smallamountsofpesticidescanbeusedonorganicproducts.AndaboutthreequartersoforganicfoodinBritainisnotlocalbutimported(进口)tomeetgrowingdemand."Thedemandfororganicfoodisincreasingbyaboutonethirdeveryyear,soitisaveryfastgrowingmarket,saidSueFlock,aspecialistinthislineofbusiness.MoreandmorepeopleinBritainarebuyingorganicfoodbecause.theyaregettingrichertheycangetthefoodanywheretheyconsiderthefoodfreeofpollutiontheylikehome-grownfruitWhichofthefollowingstatementsistruetothefactsaboutmostorganicproducesoldinBritain?Itgrowsindoorsallyearround.ItisproducedoutsideBritain.Itisgrownonfamilyfarms.Itisproducedonlargefarms.Whatisthemeaningof"theorganictrend^^asthewordsareusedinthetext?growinginterestinorganicfoodbetterqualityoforganicfoodrisingmarketfororganicfoodhigherpricesoforganicfoodWhatisthebesttitleforthisnewsstory?Organicfood—healthy,orjustforthewealthy?ThemakingoforganicfoodinBritainOrganicfood—toimportornot?GoodqualitiesoforganicfoodC2.B3.A4.A.Gold的话代表了英国消费者的认识,“・・・Thefoodisfreeofpesticides…”也就是:theyconsiderthefoodfreeofpollution..短文中与MostorganicproducesoldinBritain产地相关的内容，排除干扰选项，选定最佳答案。.本题四个选项中均包含organicfood（与主题相关，错误选项因而会构成干扰)，但从所在句看，buyingintotheorganictrend的主语是(agrowingnumberof)shoppers,越来越多的人开始购买这种食品，当然意味着(theshoppers)haveshownagrowinginterestinorganicfoodo选项A表达的正是这样一种形势，应为最佳答案。.Organicfood—healthy(虽与人们所知有些出入,但大体如此);orjustforthewealthy?短文中有shoppersarewillingtopayahigherpricefororganicproduce,与此相符。如何解答阅读理解中的问题在准备阅读理解测试时，要对经常出现的问题进行总结。高考中的阅读理解问题，主要涉及文章中的知识细节，概括中心意思，猜测陌生词语的意思和推理判断。测试问题方式采用多项选择题型，每题给出四个备选答案，要求从中选出一个最佳答案。例如：考查主题思想或段落大意Thestorymainlytellsus.Thebesttitleofthispassageshouldbe.推理判断测试题Wecaninferfromthepassage.Wecanconcludefromthepassage.应对阅读理解测试时的注意事项.如有的文章带标题，应仔细看标题。标题是文章主题的高度概括，它可以给我们一些启示和线索。.先快速浏览一下全文，大概了解一下这是记叙文还是科普文章，中文注释的单词是什么意思，这一步要快。.仔细看原文，凡人物与数字或地名可用笔作个记号，没弄明白的地方也可划个线，以便看完全文再重读。读时要注意弄明白句子的主谓结构，同时在大脑中加工所得到的信息。.看完文章，即可做题。要注意四个选项都看看，不要只看了一两个就作出判断。对有把握的题，在做完判断后就不要折回原文核对了。但对没有把握的题则应把相关的句或段重看一次。.判断词义词性时要注意结合上下文。人家考的是在特定的环境下的意思。.概括中心意思时，要注意不可离题太远，太笼统，但也不要只概括一段或几句的意思。段落大意一般常与该段首句或尾句有关。.问及对某个问题的看法与态度，要记住是在问作者态度，而不是问你作为中国学生的想法。.考查文章细节的问题一定要在原文中找到出处。.如时间够，还应复读全文，核对各题答案，完成未定之题。要注意各题的答案要逻辑一致，不能自相矛盾。练习与解析（1）Treasurehunts（寻宝）haveexcitedpeople'simaginationforhundredsofyearsbothinreallifeandinbookssuchasRobertLouisStevenson'sTreasureIsland.KitWilliams,amodernwriter,hadtheideaofcombiningtherealexcitementofatreasurehuntwithclues（线索）foundinabookwhenhewroteachildren'sstory,Masquerade,in1979.Thebookwasaboutahare,andamonthbeforeitcameoutWilliamsburiedagoldhareinaparkinBedfordshire.Thebookcontainedalargenumberofcluestohelpreadersfindthehare,butWilliamsputinalotof“redherrings”,orfalseclues,tomisleadthem.KenRoberts,themanwhofoundthehare,hadbeenlookingforitfornearlytwoyears.Althoughhehadbeensearchinginthewrongareamostofthetime,hefounditbylogic（逻辑）,notbyluck.Hissuccesscamefromthefactthathehadgainedanimportantclueatthestart.Hehadrealizedthatthewords:"OneofSixtoEight“underthefirstpictureinthebookconnectedthehareinsomewaytoKatherineofAragon,thefirstofHenryVIITssixwives.Evenhere,however,Williamshadsucceededinmisleadinghim.KenknewthatKatherineofAragonhaddiedatKimboltoninCambridgeshirein1536andthoughtthatWilliamshadburiedtheharethere.Hehadbeendiggingthereforoverayearbeforeanewideaoccurredtohim.HefoundoutthatKitWilliamshadspenthischildhoodnearAmpthill,inBedforshire,andthoughtthathemusthaveburiedthehareinaplaceheknewwell,buthestillcouldnotseetheconnectionwithKatherineofAragon,untilonedayhecameacrosstwostonecrossesinAmpthillParkandlearntthattheyhadbeenbuiltinherhonorin1772.Eventhenhissearchhadnotcometoanend.ItwasonlyafterhehadspentseveralnightsdiggingaroundthecrossthathedecidedtowritetoKitWilliamstofindoutifhewaswastinghistimethere.Williamsencouragedhimtocontinue,andonFebruary24th1982,hefoundthetreasure.Itwasworth£；3000inthebeginning,buttheexcitementithadcausedsinceitsburialmadeitmuchmorevaluable.1.Theunderlinedword"them”(paragraph1)referstoA.Anexcitinghistoricalevent.B.Amoderntreasurehunt.C.TheattractionofMasquerade.D.Theimportanceoflogicalthinking..D最重要的线索为them之前的动词mislead,由其语义可以断定，其后为“人”而非“物”，答案为readers(of-).C循序查找另外三个与故事相关的线索，体会本文作者描述幸运读者KenRoberts寻宝过程时的语气变化：其中，第二段第3句为HissuccessCcimefromthefactthathehadgainedanimportantclueatthestart…而后联系到“OneofSixtoEight”也就是Katheri