英语(二)自学教程 Unit 10 Text A-The Importance of Public Transportation

NewWordsLearningproclaim:formallymakesthknowntothepublic宣布/宣告/声明～sth/～that….【

学习策略---近义词法】claim:sbsayssthistrue,butyouarenotsurewhethersbtellsthetruth声称～sth/～that….announce:tellpeoplesthpubliclyorofficially宣布/宣告declare:1)statesthofficiallyorformally宣布/宣告～sth/～that….

2)sbsayssthistrueinafirmanddeliberateway声称

assert:statesthfirmly坚称，断言～sth/～that….

state:(以口头或书面形式正式或明确地)声称，宣称，声明affirm:statesthpubliclyandfirmly声称，声明

NewWordsLearningallege:Ifyouallegethatsomethingbadistrue,yousayitbutdonotproveit.（未提出证据而）断言，指称，声称Itisallegedthathecheatedintheexam.据称他考试作弊Thecriminalwasallegedtohaveescaped.据称罪犯已经逃跑了。Theoldladyallegedthatherdaughterwasinnocent.老太太声称她的女儿是无辜的maintain:stateone’sopinionstrongly,butnoteveryoneagreeswithhim坚称，声称

语法

NewWordsLearning【

学习策略---近义词法】Sovereigntyn.territory(国家)主权，独立自主权

Sovereignadj.(国家)具有主权独立的【

学习策略---词缀法】territorial:adj.NewWordsLearningtransport【

学习策略---词缀法】translatetransmittransfertransittransactiontransplanttranscendtransparentmajority:n.大多数

major:adj.【

学习策略---词缀法】thevast/overwhelming

majority

oflocalpeoplearestronglyagainsttheconstructionofthenuclearpowerstationapproximately:aboutpetroleum:石油，原油ChinaNationalPetroleumCorporation/PetroChina中石油中石化SinopecGroup中海油ChinaNationalOffshoreOilCorporationelectrical:deviceequipment【

学习策略---比较法】electric：强调与电有直接的关系,1)由电作为动力驱动；2)导/带电的；3)发电的batterymotorfancurrentwavegeneratorfaulttestengineeringelectrical：强调与电有间接的关系,economic:经济的，经济上的2)profitable有利可图的，赚钱的

【

学习策略---比较法】economical:经济的，省钱的

经济型轿车这样做经济，而且不会破坏环境Itiseconomicaltodosoandecologicallysound.economicseconomicaleconomic【

学习策略---词缀法】stable:稳定的;稳固不变的

Ifsomethingisstable,itisnotlikelytochangeorcometoanendsuddenly.steady:稳步的;持续不断的

asteadysituationcontinuesordevelopsgraduallywithoutanyinterruptionsandisnotlikelytochangequickly.【

学习策略---比较法】stable“是用来表示稳定，没有变化的状态，属于静态的形容词。

"steady"是也是稳定，它说明还是有变化的，属于动态形容词。稳定的婚姻稳步提高TheImportanceofPublicTransportationtopicsentencesofeachparaForonething,comparedwithprivatecars,publictransportationcouldsaveenergies,esp,exhaustibleresources,whicharethecontributingfactorstoairpollutionandglobalwarming.Foranotherthing,streetscouldbelesscrowded,whichcould,inturn,easetrafficpressureandsavecaraccidents,ifthemajorityofpeopletravelbypublictransport.Lastbutnotleast,comparedwithprivatecars,publictransportationcouldemitlesspercapitawastegasessuchascarbondioxide,whichconstitutemajorhealthrisk,suchaslungcancerandotherrespiratorydiseases.Moreandmorepeopleuseprivatecarsinsteadoftakingpublictransport.Whatarethereasonsforthistrend?topicsentencesofeachparaTosomepeople,owningacarespabrandcarisasymbolofsocialstanding,whichisoneofthethemostimportantcontributingfactors.Anotherfactorthatdiscouragespeopletotravelbypublictransportationisthatitfeelsuncomfortableandinconvenienttosqueezeintoanovercrowdedbusorsubway,whileprivatecarsoffertheirownersasenseofcomfort,freedomandprivacy.Lastbutnotleast,generallyspeaking,privatecarsoffertheirownersasenseofflexibilityandspeed,letmeputitanotherway,lesstimecouldbespentonroadandefficiencyisthereforeimproved.Howcangovernmentencouragepeopletotakepublictransport?topicsentencesofeachparaThefirstmeasureistoimproveservice,likeensuringbusesandsubwaysarepunctual,installingmorecomfortableseatsinwaitingareas,enoughvehiclesareinoperationandavailableevenifit’smid-nighthour.Furthermore,loweringfareswouldalsobeaveryeffectivewaytoencouragepeopletotravelbypublictransport.Inaddition,cartaxesandmaintenanceexpensescouldberaisedbygovernmentsothatcarownersfeelitaburdentotravelbyprivatecars.Finally,governmentcouldeducatepeopleaboutthedevastatingimpactofvehicleemissionontheenvironmentandhealthsothattheywouldbelesslikelytodrive.access:1)ifyouhaveaccesstoabuildingorotherplace,youareableorallowedtogointoit进入(权)；通道；入径Therecanbenodoubtthat……….:毫无疑问…….Thereisnodenyingthat….不可否认Scientistshaveonlyrecentlybeenabletogainaccesstothearea.科学家直到最近才得以进入该地区。Facilitieshavebeenadaptedtogiveaccesstowheelchairusers.ThehotelofferseasyaccesstocentralNanjing.【

补充】【

学习策略---语境法】这些设施已经改造过以方便轮椅使用者进入。从酒店去南京市中心交通方便。Onlythosewhoarethehomeownerscanhaveaccesstothegymfreeofcharge.2)Ifyouhaveaccesstosthsuchasinformationorequipment,youhavetheopportunityorrighttoseeitoruseit.查阅/使用的机会/权利只有业主才有权利免费使用健身房.Accordingtocivillaw,defendantsaregivenaccesstodocumentationofhiscase根据民法，被告有权查阅自己案件的卷宗。3)Ifyouhaveaccesstoaperson,youhavetheopportunityorrighttoseethemormeetthem.接近/面见的机会/权利这些设施已经改造过以方便轮椅使用者进入。Hewasnotallowedaccesstohislawyer.Thesefacilitieshavebeenadaptedtogiveaccesstowheelusers.(使用)交通被视为生活中一个必需的一部分。Accesstotransportationisconsideredanecessity.….environmentallyfriendlyalternative.….isanalternativetoprivatecars.Itemitsintoairlesswastegaseswhichareconsideredacontributingfactortoairpollution.Inthisway,publictransportationdoeslessharmtoenvironment.Publictransportationisdefinedasaservice….…..suityourownpersonalconvenience….公共交通被定义为…../公共交通是…..suit:convenientforsboristhebestthingforsbinthecircumstances.对….方便/有利；

满足…需要；合..心意suittheneed:满足需要【

近义词】satisfytheneed/demand翻译：不是可以自行安排以满足个人需求/方便…toacertainextent...tosomedegree…sinceyouhavetoconsider…..similararrangementswithyou.….由于你不得不考虑其他和自己有同样出行安排的人。Ihaveexperiencedfirst-hand…...first-hand:directlyfrompersonalexperience亲身经历的，一手的….….aUSterritoryandtheclosethingswehavetopublic….我住在塞班岛—美国的海外领地，与我们的生活联系最密切的公共交通服务使旅游车和校车。…..otherwiseyouendupbasked…..【近义词】Insomeway否则，每天上班就会大汉淋漓，饱受日晒之苦。如果你继续这样，你会被开除的/坐牢的。由于宿舍关门了，我们只好一整晚露宿街头。两车相撞最终受损严重Thegrouphasexpressed

concern

aboutreportsofpoliticalviolenceinAfricaThereisnocausefor

concernThegrowingnumberofpeopleseekingrefugeinThailandisbeginningto

concern

Westernaidagencies...他最终当上了经理。Ididn‘t

concern

myselfwithpolitics…Thebook

concerns

Sandy'stwomiddle-agedchildren...Weshouldjumpatanyopportunitywheneveritarises.accountfor:1)（数量或比例上）占

2)解释；说明Itisnoneofyourbusinessanddoesn’tconcernyouatall.Heavypollutionaccountsforthefactthat……..Howcanyouaccountfor…

语法

NewWordsLearningcontribute:1)helptomakesthsuccessful为…做贡献Goodsleepcancontributetoraisingworkefficiency中国为世界缓解和消除贫困做出了巨大的贡献。【usage】～to….

Chinacontributesalottothealleviationandeliminationoftheworld’spoverty.良好的睡眠有助于提高工作效率。contribute:2givemoneyorresourcestohelppayforsth捐款；捐助；援助【usage】～sthto….

比尔盖茨是全世界慈善捐款最多的人。

语法

NewWordsLearningBillGatesistheonewhocontributesmosttocharityintheworld.Goodsleepcancontributetoraisingworkefficiency中国承诺将为发展中国家提供更多贷款及为联合国维和提供更多的人员和装备。ChinacontributesmoremoneyinloanstodevelopingcountriesandmoretroopsandequipmentstoUN’speacekeeping.contribute:3)ifsthcontributestoanev