商务英语综合教程unit4

Unit4

TimeManagement

Timemanagementistheprocessofdecidingwhatneedstobedoneanddevelopingaplanand/ortimeframeforgettingitdone.Timemanagementisaboutestablishingroutines,settinggoals,andunderstandingpriorities.Timemanagementisaskillthatresultsinthemosteffectiveuseofaperson’stime.Itmeansconsistentlymakingtherightdecisionsastothebestwaytouseyourtimeatanygivenmoment.Unit4

TimeManagementCONTENTSTextBTranslationSkillsPracticalWritingTimeforFunLead-inTextALead-in1Listening1. Whattimedoesthemanleavehome? A.At5:00a.m. B.At6:00a.m. C.At6:45a.m.2. Whattimedoeshegettowork? A.At7:00a.m. B.At7:15a.m. C.At8:00a.m.3. Whatdothemanandhiswifedoaround8:00p.m.? A.Theyreadbookstogether. B.Theyreadandplaywiththekids. C.TheywatchTV.4.Whattimedoesthemanbeginworkingonhiswebsiteatnight? A.At8:30p.m. B.At10:00p.m. C.At1:00or2:00a.m.5. Whatdoesn’tthemanmentionabouthiswife? A.Shehelpsthekidswiththeirhomework. B.Shehastotaketheirchildrentoschool. C.Shegoesshoppingforfood.Listentotheconversationandanswerthequestions.Lead-in2Vocabulary1.getoffwork2.stayup3.setaside4.takecareof5.groceriesListentotheconversationagain,payingattentiontothewordslistedbelow,andchoosetheexplanationforeachword.A.notgotobedB.watch,lookafterC.finishworkD.foodandotheritemsatasupermarketE.reserve,allow,orgiveacertainamounttoLead-in

Afteryourdailyplanner,yourmostimportanttoolwillbeato-dolist.Youmightask,“Arenotadailyplannerandato-dolistprettymuchthesamething?”No,notatall.Adailyplanner,orcalendar,isabroad________ofhowyouaregoingtospendyourday,whileato-dolistcoversthespecificthingsyouneedandwantto__________byfollowingyourdailyschedule.

Everynightbeforegoingtobed,youshouldmakealistofthemostimportanttasksyouneedto__________thenextday.Ofcourse,youdonotneedtowaituntilthelastminutetostartthelist;youshouldbeputting_______onyourvoicerecorderorjottingnotesonapadoronyourcomputerthroughoutthedaywhenyouthinkofanewtaskforthenextday.Atnightyoushould_______theseandaddanylast-minutetasksyouhave____________.Onceyouhaveyourcompletelist,youwillwantto_______themorderofimportance,andthendecidewhichslottheyaregoingtofitintoonyourdailyplanner.guideline3SpotDictationListentotheconversationandfillintheblankswiththemissinginformation.accomplishtakecareofmemosorganizecomeupwithnumberLead-in3SpotDictationListentotheconversationandfillintheblankswiththemissinginformation.

Yourto-dolistshouldbethe____thingyouseewhenyougotoyourdeskorturnonyourcomputerinthemorning.Youshouldalsotakeitwithyouwhereveryougoand_______eachactivityasyouaccomplishit.Itisimportanttokeepinmindthatyouwillnotalwaysaccomplisheverythingonyourlisteveryday.Nevertheless,takingcareofalltheitemsonyourlistisagood_____toshootfor,andasyougetbetteratplanningandmanagement,youwillfindyourselfaccomplishingmoreandmoreallthetime.firstmarkoffgoalLead-in4Discussion&Role-play1. Whattimedoyouwakeupandgoforaclass?Discusswithyourpartneryourowntypicalscheduleforaweekdayandaweekendwiththehelpofthefollowingquestions.2. Whattimedoyoufinishthelastclass?3. Whatdoyoudowhenyougobacktoyourdorm?4. Whattimedoyougotobed?5. Whatactivitiesdoyouusuallydowithfamilyandfriends?TextA1Reading1. Whatistherealsecretoftimemanagement?2. Whatisthefirstthingyouneedtodotomanageyourtimeeffectively?3. Whydoestheauthorsuggestmorningasagoodtimefordailyplanning?4. Whatisthebenefitofschedulingthedaybeforeitstarts?5. Whataretherightthingsthatshouldbetakenaspriorities?Readthepassageabouttimemanagementandanswerthefollowingquestions.TextA

Thebestkeptsecretabouttimemanagementisthattherereallyisnosuchathingasgoodtimemanagement.Weonlygetsomanyhoursinthedayandthereisnowaywecanchangeitnomatterhowhardwetry.

Thefactisthattherealsecretoftimemanagementislearningtomanageourselvesandourownpersonalenergy.Weneedtoadjusthowwelookatthetimewehaveandhowwechoosetouseit.

Ifyoufindthatyouarestrugglingtofitallthethingsyouwouldliketodointoyourschedule,thenitisprobablytimeforachange.Thefirstthingyouneedtodoisspendsometimethinkingwhatyourprioritiesare.Thinkabouthowyoureallywanttospendyourtimeandidentifythethingsthatyouenjoyandareimportanttoyou.Thesearethethingsyouneedtoconcentrateonandscheduletimefor.TextA

Thebasicpartforeffectivedailyplanningistakingsometimetoplanforeachandeveryday.Thismayseemlikeachore;however,youneedonlytakefiveortenminutestodoit.Whenyoudoitisuptoyou.Youcandoitatnightbeforeyougotobed,orasthefirstthinginthemorning.Morningisagoodtimetodothisasyourmindisfreshafteragoodnight’ssleep.

Itisimportanttomakeacommitmenttoschedulingyourdaybeforeitstarts.Thosefivetotenminuteswillmakeyouclearaboutyouractionsforthedaysoyouaremorelikelytobehighlyproductive,andfeellessstressandpressure.

Anotheressentialpartoftimemanagementistheabilitytobeeffectivewithyourtime.Itisnotaboutgettingalotdone,butitisaboutgettingtherightthingsdone—thethingsthatmakeyoumoreproductive,makeyoumoremoney,orgetyouclosertoyourgoals.TextA

Forexample,ifyouownabusinessthatsendsoutahundredlettersaday,effectiveuseofyourtimeisgoingoutandfindingamachinetoprint,foldandstampletters;orgettingasecretarytodoit.Ineffectiveuseofyourtimeisspendingtwohoursadaydoingityourself.

So,that’sthesecretoftimemanagement.Onlyspendtimeonthethingsthatmattertoyou,andmakesureyouusethattimeeffectively.TextATextA2ComprehensionChoosethebestanswerforeachquestionaccordingtothepassage.1. Thepassagemainlytalksabout______.A. howtomanagetimeinordertohavemoretimethanothersB. howtoarrangeourselvesandusetimeefficientlyC. thesecretofchangingourtimeD. howtoimproveourpersonalenergylevelB. howtoarrangeourselvesandusetimeefficientlyTextA2ComprehensionChoosethebestanswerforeachquestionaccordingtothepassage.2. Ifyouhavetoomanythingstodobutdon’thaveenoughtime,youshould___.A. learntheskillsofeffectivedailyplanningB. dealwithyourprioritiesandforgetaboutothersC. choosethethingsyouenjoymostwhethertheyareimportantornotD. trytofitallthethingsintoyourscheduleA. learntheskillsofeffectivedailyplanningTextA2ComprehensionChoosethebestanswerforeachquestionaccordingtothepassage.3. Itisnecessarythatyousetasidesometimeeverydayto______.A. dealwithyourchoresB. learntheskillsoftimemanagementC. makeadailyscheduleD. concentrateonthethingsyouenjoyC. makeadailyscheduleTextA2ComprehensionChoosethebestanswerforeachquestionaccordingtothepassage.4. WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A. Tomanagetimeeffectivelyistogetalotdonewithinthelimitedtime.B. Havingadailyschedulecanmakeyoumoreproductiveandlessstressful.C. Gettingtherightthingsdoneismoreproductivethandoingalotofthings.D. Thegoaloflearningtimemanagementistomakeeffectiveuseofyourtime.A. Tomanagetimeeffectivelyistogetalotdonewithinthelimitedtime.TextA2ComprehensionChoosethebestanswerforeachquestionaccordingtothepassage.5. TheexampleinParagraph7isusedtoshow______.A. theimportanceofbuyingamachinetoprint,foldandstamplettersB. gettingasecretaryisnecessaryC. howtooperateabusinessD. howtouseyourtimeeffectivelyD. howtouseyourtimeeffectivelyTextA3Vocabulary1.managementA. ajoborpieceofworkwhichisoftenboringbutneedstobedoneregularly2.scheduleB. extremelyimportantandnecessary3.effectiveC. alistofplannedactivitiesorthingstobedone4.choreD. mitmentE. ductiveF. apromisetodosomethingortobehaveinaparticularway7.stressG. successfulorachievingtheresultsthatyouwant8.essentialH. resultinginorprovidingalargeamountorsupplyofsomething9.goalI. someonewhoworksinanofficetypingletters,keepingrecords,answeringtelephonecalls,arrangingmeetingsetc.10.secretaryJ. pressureorworrycausedbytheproblemsinsb’slifeECJAFHJBDIPart1Matchthewordsontheleftwiththedefinitionsontheright.TextA3Vocabularypriority schedule makesure commitment concentrateessential adjust beupto identify personal1. Thecustomerishighonourlistof________.2. It_______themanagertomakethefinaldecision.3. Themeetinghasbeen_________fortomorrowafternoon.4. Youneedto_______yourpriorities.5. Eveninsmallcompanies,computersarea(an)________tool.prioritiesPart2Completethesentenceswiththefollowingwords.Changetheformwherenecessary.isuptoscheduledidentifyessentialTextA3Vocabularypriority schedule makesure commitment concentrateessential adjust beupto identify personal6. Beforeyouprintsomething,_________theprinterhasenoughpaperinit.7. Trytomakesome_________ofyourdifferencessothatyoucancooperatewithyourcolleagues.8. Thebankshave__________themselvestoboostingprofitsbycuttingcosts.9. _________speaking,I’minfavorofthescheme.10. Theclerkspayalltheir____________onprovidingqualityvalueandservice.makesurePart2Completethesentenceswiththefollowingwords.Changetheformwherenecessary.adjustmentcommittedPersonallyconcentrationTextA3VocabularyPart3Studytheaffixesandcompletethesentenceswiththerightformofthewordsinthebrackets.1. Mostofusaremore__________(product)inthemorning.2. Heworksinmarketingand_______(product)development.3. Thisingredientalsohasthe______(effect)ofmakingyourskinlookyounger.4. Trainingisoftenmuchless________(effect)thanexpected.5. Thenegotiationswereconductedin______(secret).6. Carlawasalwaysvery________(secret)ductiveproducteffecteffectivesecretsecretiveTextA3VocabularyPart3Studytheaffixesandcompletethesentenceswiththerightformofthewordsinthebrackets.1. An_________(effective)manshouldnotbechairman.2. Themeasureisvery________(effective)andproductivityincreasesrapidly.3. I’msurehehasthe______(ability)todothejobwell.4. _______(ability)touseacomputerisaseriousdisadvantagewhenyouareapplyingforjobs.5. Businesslettersdonothavetobe__________(personal)andformal.6. My________(personal)viewisthatweshouldn’tofferhimthejob.ineffectiveeffectiveabilityInabilityimpersonalpersonalTextA4Summary

Inordertomanagetimeeffectively,wemustlearnto_______________andour__________________.First,weshoulddecidewhatour________are,and________timeforthem.Everydayweneedfiveortenminutesfor____________,and________isagoodtimetodothis.Schedulingyourdaywillhelpyoutobe______________,andfeelless_________________.Inaddition,weneedtobeeffectivewithourtime.Thepointis,weshouldfittherightthingintoourdailyschedule—thingsthatincreaseour___________,helpusearnmoremoney,andhelpusrealizeour______.manageourselvesCompletethesummaryofthepassagebyfillingintheblankswiththewordsorphrasesfromthepassage．ownpersonalenergyprioritiesscheduledailyplanningmorninghighlyproductivestressandpressureproductivitygoalsTextA5StructureExample1•...thereisnowaywecanchangeitnomatterhowhardwetry.nomatterhow意思是“无论怎样”，用来强调不论情况怎样，某事一定会发生。how可以换为其他疑问词，即nomatterwhat/why/when等。Model: 不管你因为什么被解雇，都不要抱怨你的老板。

→Nomatterwhyyouwerefired,don’tblameyourboss.Studytheexamplesanddotheexercisesafterthemodel.TextA5Structure1. 不管这项任务有多艰巨，我都要完成它。2. 无论你是谁，你都不可以迟到。Iwillfinishthetask,nomatterhowharditis.Youcan’tbelatenomatterwhoyouare.TextA5Structure3. 不管发生什么事情，我都不会放弃我的工作。Iwon’tgiveupmyjobnomatterwhathappens.TextA5StructureExample2•Itisnotaboutgettingalotdone,butitisaboutgettingtherightthingsdone.getsth.done意思是“完成某事”或“安排某事被完成”。Model: Ineedtofindsomeonetofixtheprinterassoonaspossible. →Ineedtogettheprinterfixedassoonaspossible.TextA5Structure1. Wemustfinishthisworkontime.2. Let’sclearupthematter,onceandforall.Wemustgetthisworkfinishedontime.Let’sgetthematterclearedup,onceandforall.TextA5Structure3. Iwillasksomeonetocleantheofficetomorrowmorning.Iwillgettheofficecleanedtomorrowmorning.TextA6Translation1. 这家公司正致力于开发新产品。(concentrateon)2. 我们公司承诺提供良好的质量和客户服务。(haveacommitmentto)Thecompanyisconcentratingondevelopingnewproducts.Ourcompanyhasacommitmenttogoodqualityandcustomerservice.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingtheexpressionsgiveninthebrackets.TextA6Translation3. 我确保信会在今晚邮出。(makesure)4. 他非常有可能成功。(highlylikely)Iwillmakesuretheletterleavestonight.It’shighlylikelythathewillsucceed.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingtheexpressionsgiveninthebrackets.TextA6Translation5. 我们的头等大事是提高质量。(firstpriority)Ourfirstpriorityistoimprovequality.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingtheexpressionsgiveninthebrackets.TextA7GrammarFocus表语(Predicative)表语是谓语的一部分，它位于系动词之后，说明主语的身份、特征、属性或状态，补充说明主语的意义，因此，它也叫作主语补语(subjectcomplement)。可以作表语的成分包括:形容词、代词、名词、分词、动名词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式和从句。系动词可以分为三类：1.表示具有某种性质、特征或出于某种状态。如：be,appear,feel,sound,seem,look,smell,taste等；2.表示从所叙述的动作和过程所产生的结果；或者表示状态的变化。如：get,go,come,become,turn,grow,fall,prove等；3.表示某种持续的状态。如：keep,continue,stand,remain等。TextA7GrammarFocusPart1Lookatthepredicative'sinthefollowingsentences.Findfurtherexamplesinthepassageandidentifywhatelementsfunctioningassubjectcomplement.1. Thebestkeptsecretabouttimemanagementisthattherereallyisnosuchathingasgoodtimemanagement.2. ...therealsecretoftimemanagementislearningtomanageourselvesandourownpersonalenergy.3. Thefirstthingyouneedtodoisspendsometimethinkingwhatyourprioritiesare.TextA7GrammarFocusPart2CompletethesentencesbytranslatingtheChinesepartsintoEnglish.6. You’vegotto____________________________(在面试中显得冷静)evenifyou’reterrifiedunderneath.7. Pollutionfromcarshas______________________(成为一个主要问题).8. Thebankwill___________(保持营业)whilerenovationsarecarriedout.9. Theverdictappears_________(公正的).10. Thegoodsare_______________(完好无损).appear(tobe)calminaninterviewbecomeamajorproblemremainopentobejustingoodconditionTextA8Role-play1. Haveyouevermadeaplan?Didyousticktoyourplan?Tellyourexperiences.2. Doyouthinkmakingaplanforeachdayisnecessary?Why?3. Whatareyourprioritiesinlife?Listdownthethreemostimportantthingsandexplainhowyouplantoachievethesegoals.TextB

Accordingtorecentdata—andmostpeople’sexperience—theworkweekisgettinglongerandleisuretimeisshorter,notonlyfortop-levelmanagersbutfortheaveragepeopleaswell.Expertssaythatorganizationisthekeytomanageyourtimeeffectively.Theysuggestyoustartbyaskingwhatyourrealgoalsareforyourself,yourfamily,andyourcareer.Withgoalsestablished,breakyourtimedownintomanageableparts.

Useamonthlycalendarforshort-termschedulinganda6-monthcalendarforlong-termscheduling.Notedownallthingsthatrelatetoyourgoals,includingclassesyouwanttotake(learningacomputerprogramforyourjobormasteringthepianoforfun),regularexercisetime,socialevents,andfamilytime.TextB

Onadailyactionlist,categorizetasks:thosethatneedimmediateattention(youhadbetterdothemyourself),thosethatcanbedelegated(youcanhiresomeonetocleanthefloorortypeyourletter,forexample),andthosethatcanbeputoff.Toavoiddelays,dealwiththetoughestjobsfirst,breakingthemintosmaller,lessdauntingcomponents.

Freeuptimeforthethingsyoureallywanttodobysimplifyingyourlife.Letgoofactivitiesthatdon’tcontributetoyourgoals(forexample,watchingtelevisionforawholeevening).

Reducethewasteofeverydaydelays.Whereveryougo,takereadingmaterialoranMP3withmusicyouwanttohear.Thenwhenyouhavetowait,youcanmakegooduseoforenjoythetime.TextB

Setasideahalf-hourtowardtheendofthedaytoworry.Psychologistsbelievethathavingaformalworryingtimecutsdowntheamountofworryingyoudo.

Timemanagementcomesdowntochoices.Goodchoicesleadtobetterresults,whilepoorchoicesleadtowastingtimeandenergy.Noonecanforceyoutouseyourtimewisely.Allthattimemanagementcandoispointthewaytohelpyousucceed.That’swhyyouwilloftenhearthattimemanagementisnotreallyaboutmanagingtime,itisaboutmanagingyourselfandyourlife.TextB

TextB1Vocabularyaccordingto expert leisure establish relatetocategorize delay formal contributeto dealwith1. Thepopulationis__________accordingtoage,sex,andsocialgroup.2. Whywastherea_____incarryingouttheplan?3. An______issomeonewhohasaspecialskillorspecialknowledgeofasubject.4. Theletterwas_______initswording.5. Howdoyouplanto_________theproblem?categorizedPart1Completethesentenceswiththefollowingwordsorphrases.Changetheformwherenecessary.delayexpertformaldealwith

TextB1Vocabularyaccordingto expert leisure establish relatetocategorize delay formal contributeto dealwith6. Mostpeopleonlyhavealimitedamountof_______time.7. Ourgoalisto________anewresearchcentreintheNorth.8. Whathesaiddoesnot________theproblemwediscuss.9. ___________ourrecordsyouoweus$130.10. Hiscollegeeducation_____________hissuccess.leisurePart1Completethesentenceswiththefollowingwordsorphrases.Changetheformwherenecessary.establishrelatetoAccordingtocontributedtoTextB1VocabularyPart2Withsomewordsitispossibletocreateseveralnewwordsbyaddingsuffixes.Completethetablebelow,usingadictionary,andlearntheirmeanings.TextB1VocabularyPart2Withsomewordsitispossibletocreateseveralnewwordsbyaddingsuffixes.Completethetablebelow,usingadictionary,andlearntheirmeanings.

1. She’snowanassistantmarketing________(manage)forthesoutheasternarea.2. Iwanttoworkwithawell_________(organize)team.3. Sinceits____________(establish)twoyearsago,theadvicecentrehasbeenseenbyover500peopleaweek.4. Toolittleexerciseisa___________(contribute)factorinheartdisease.5. Thecompetitionwas__________(sponsor)byBritishAirways.managerorganizedestablishmentcontributorysponsoredTextB2GuidedPresentation1. Inordertomanageyourtimeeffectivelyyouneedtofirstdecide__________________________.2. Youneedacalendarforschedulingandwritedownthethingsthat_____________________.3. Thetoughestjobshouldbedealtfirstbybreakingtheminto__________________.4. Reducetheamountofworryingtimebysettingasidea______________________.5. Timemanagementisactuallyabout____________________andyourlife.Part1Completethefollowingstatementswithnomorethan4wordsaccordingtothepassage.TextB2GuidedPresentationPart2MakeapresentationonhowtomanageyourtimebetterbasedontheinformationgiveninPart1.TranslationSkills减译法

减译法（Omission）是避免译文累赘，而不是把原文的某些思想内容删去。冠词、连词、代词、关系副词、介词等，在英语中经常出现，但英译汉时几乎很少出现，要使译文忠实通顺，减译法不可缺少。一、省略代词

Onemustmakepainstakingeffortsbeforeonecansucceedinmasteringamanagementskill.要掌握一门管理技能非下苦功不可。当it作形式主（宾）语、引导强调句或表示天气、时间、距离等时，都可以省译：

(1)Itis+名词+从句：Itiscommonknowledgethat………是常识

(2)Itis+形容词+从句：Itisimportantthat…重要的是……

(3)It+不及物动词+从句：Itfollowsthat…由此可见……

(4)Itis+被强调部分+that：Itisthemanthat...正是这个人……

(5)Itis（表天气、时间、距离等）形容词/名词：Itissunnytoday.今天阳光明媚。TranslationSkills二、省略冠词

Amanagershouldhavepatienceinhiswork.管理者在工作中应当有耐心。三、省略介词汉译时常省略表示时间、地点的介词;表示地点的介词短语在动词后，有时不能省略。

HegotajobasatranslatorfortheServiceDepartment.他在服务部找到一份翻译的工作。四、省略连词

Justatthatmoment,thedooropenedandthemanagerwalkedin.就在那时，门开了，经理走了进来。五、省略动词作为系表结构的英语动词be和表示实意省略式的do，在译成汉语时常常省略。

Thesereferencesarevaluableforournegotiation.这些文献对于我们的谈判很有价值。TranslationSkillsExercises1. Ishallnotbuyit,forIcannotaffordit.2. Ihadmanyideasaboutmanagement,butIonlyputafewintopractice.我不买，买不起。我有很多关于管理的想法，但只把少数付诸实践了。Translatethefollowingsentences,usingthetechniquesofconversion.TranslationSkillsExercises3. Pleasetakeofftheoldregulationandthrowitaway.4. Ourdirectorlookedgloomyandtroubled.请把那张旧的规章制度取下来扔掉。我们的主管看上去有些忧愁不安。Translatethefollowingsentences.TranslationSkillsExercises5. Deliverymustbeeffectedwithinthetimestatedonthepurchaseorder.必须在购货单规定的时间交货。Translatethefollowingsentences.PracticalWriting中式英语英语和汉语在思维模式、文化习俗、历史背景等方面存在着差异，所以其句式结构的差异在所难免。如果在英语写作中硬套汉语思维，就是中式化英语的表现，这只能使文章语言蹩脚、冗赘。英语中单词有相应的词形变化，词形使用正确才能保证句子在语法上正确，而汉语单词则没有词形变化。例1汉语现在员工的工作离不开电脑。原句Nowtheemployees’workcan’tleavecomputers.改为Nowtheemployeescannotdowithoutcomputersintheirwork.评析此句的主语是“employee”，而不是work，实际意思是“员工们在工作中离不开电脑。”PracticalWriting例2汉语每日计划正在改变这家公司员工的工作方式和时间管理方式。原句Dailyplansarechangingtheemployees’workwayandtimemanagementway.改为Dailyplansarechangingthewayemployeesworkandmanagetime.评析英汉词序有所不同，英语定语可后置，而汉语一般是把定语放在被限定词的前面。例3汉语我们的老板回来已有两星期了，但我一直没时间去拜访他。原句Ourbosshasreturned(comeback)fortwoweeks.ButIhavenotimetopayavisit.改为Ourbosshasbeenbackfortwoweeks.ButIhavenotimetopayhimav