大学英语四级写作unit 6

2023/2/1Unit6

ThePaceofLife12023/2/1TeachingobjectivesGraspthemainideaandstructureofthetextLearntousetransitionaldevicestointroduceopinionsLearntodistinguishsupportingfactsfromopinions,andtousebothoftheminthewritings.Masterthekeylanguagepointsandgrammaticalstructures2PartI(para.1-11)

threereasonswhywefeelsotime-pressedtodayReason1Reason2Reason3LinkingdevicestechnologyInformationexplosionRisingprosperity…apart,…asecondreason…(Para.7)Thereisanotherreason…(Para.11)Themotorcarbringsmoretrafficproblemsthanitpromisestosolve.Theaircraftcreatesahighdemandfortime-consumingjourneysthatweneverdreamedof.1.______________________________________________________________________________________________Thewashingmachine,contrarytoourexpectations,multipliesthehoursspentonwashingandironing.______________________________________________________________________________________________Reason1:findsomemoresupportingfactstoconvincethereadersoftheunfavorableeffectstechnologyhashadonourlivesTechnologyproducesthenewburdenofdealingwithfaxes,e-mailsandvoicemails.______________________________________________________________________________________________TechnologyeatsfurtherintoourtimebyforcingustohandlesoftwareglitchesoncomputersandfillingourheadswithuselessinformationfromtheInternet._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.6.Insteadofmakingourliveseasier,technologygoessofarastocramextraworkintoourleisuretime.______________________________________________________________________________________________ComparisonOnceuponatime,wethought,technologywould…Machineswereexpectedtodoourwork…Butinsteadofliberatingus,technologyhasenslavedus.Themotocar,promised…Butnow,trafficincitiesmoves

moreslowlythanitdidinthedaysofthehorse-drawncarriage…Theaircraftpromised…Thetroubleis,itdeliveredthem.Washingmachinespromised….Inreality,theyencouragedusto…Linkingdevicesforpara.1-6Onceuponatime…But……forexample……,too.Inmostcases,…Meanwhile,…Reason2:findsomemoresupportingfactstoconvincethereadersoftheunfavorableeffectsinformationexplosionhashadonourlivesPara.8Para.9Para.10Reason2:findsomemoresupportingfactstoconvincethereadersoftheunfavorableeffectsinformationexplosionhashadonourlivesPara.8Acoupleofcenturiesago,……Today,……Para.9…pourinfromeverycorneroftheworld.…150channels.…millionsofInternetsites.….proliferate.Para.10“……”,saysEdwardWilson,…”…”.comparisonFigures&factsquotationsAmount/NumberExpressionsAcoupleofcenturiesagoAtinyfractionofinformationMillionsofInternetsitesAhandfulofjournalsAminuteproportionofthefrontiersofscholarshipEver-largerquantitiesofgoodsEndlesschoiceAlittlebitofthisstressAnarrayofchoicesundertake几个世纪以前一点点信息千百万个互联网站屈指可数的期刊极小一部分学术前沿问题与日俱增的货物无穷的选择一点点这种压力一系列选择Amount/NumberExpressionsever-increasingExplodemultiplyproliferateexpandingincreasedEver-largermountingundertake增加，越来越多Wordsandphrasesthepaceoflifesetaboutdoingsthcomeupwithanansweronthegountangleaproblematabewilderingrateenslavesb.eatinto(ourtime)getstuckintrafficjamsconventiontime-consuming(journeys)dreamofdoingsthundertakeWordsandphrasesin

realityn.+apartpersonalgroomingsyndromevoicemailtheinformationexplosionaccommodateinthewholeworldofscholarship

在整个学术界subscribetoajournalkeepupwithamounttodiscontentwithsuperabundanceWordsandphrases忙个不停；忙得不可开交理顺一个问题与日俱增的奴役我们以令人目不暇接的速度吞噬我们的光阴交通堵塞购物之行订阅杂志相当于贿赂惯例装下很多的信息积累的知识PartII(para.12-18)

noteveryoneisoverstressedMichaelWillmottPaulEdwardsVolunteersJohnRobinson&GeoffreyGodbeyPartII(para.12-18)

noteveryoneisoverstressedMichaelWillmottHalfofthepopulationaretime-starved.PaulEdwardsFeelingofpressurescanbeexaggeratedorself-imposed.

VolunteersIntheU.K.,workinghourshaverisenonlyslightly.IntheU.S.,workinghourshavefallen.JohnRobinson&GeoffreyGodbeyTheaverageAmericanhadgainedfivehoursaweekinfreetime.Experts’quotations只跟经济活动沾点边自己加给自己的压力有紧迫感做管理工作普通美国人通勤做家务空巢老人学前儿童养育后代性别问题分配不均家用电器家务劳动男女空余时间分配的惊人不平等每周平均空余时间为48小时OnlyperipherallyinvolvedineconomySelf-imposedpressureFeelstressedInexecutivejobsTheaverageAmericanCommutingDothechoresEmptynestersPre-schoolchildrenNurtureone’soffspringsGenderissueUnevendistributionHouseholdappliancesHouseholdchoresAppallinginequalitiesinthedistributionoffreetimebetweensexesAverage48hoursoffreetimeaweek2023/2/1WordsandphrasesbeinvolvedinTheaverageAmericancommutingbe(un)evenlydistributedEmptynestersGenderissueAdvancesinhouseholdappliancesHouseholdchorestimefamine/feeltime-pressed/betime-starved时间不够用（的）17PartIII(para.19-23)

theperceptionoftimefaminehastriggeredavarietyofreactionsReaction1Reaction2Reaction3TroublewithallthesereactionsAnattempttogainthelargestpossibleamountofsatisfactionfromthesmallestpossibleinvestmentoftimeTryingtobuytime

Thegrowthofthework-lifedebateLiberatingtimeisuselessifthehoursgainedareimmediatelydivertedtootherpurposes.1.Oneis…(Para.19)2.…also…(Para.21)3.Athirdreaction…(Para.22)4.Thetroublewithallthesereactionsisthat…(para.23)引发了各种各样的反应时间投资优质时间提高生活效率家政服务网上零售商涌现转而用于其他目的ProvokeavarietyofreactionsInvestmentoftimeQualitytimeStreamlineourlivesConciergeservicesOnlineretailersSpringupBedivertedtootherpurposesPartIV(para.24-28)

thecruxoftheproblemandaremedyCruxoftheproblemAremedyPartIV(para.24-28)

thecruxoftheproblemandaremedyCruxoftheproblemThestressarisesnotfromashortageoftime,butfromthesurfeitofthingswetrytocramintoit.Aremedy--Understandingtheproblemratherthanevadingit--ItisfewerdesiresweneedEditorialinFinancialTimes

PartI:reasonswhywefeelsotime-pressedtodayPartII:noteveryoneistime-stressed;AmericanshaveactuallygainedmorefreetimePartIII:theperceptionoftimefaminehastriggeredavarietyofreactionsPartIV:thecruxoftheproblemandaremedyforthestressconcessionIELTSwritingtask:TheadvantagesofthespreadofEnglishasagloballanguagewillcontinuetooutweighitsdisadvantages.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?advantage1refutethecounter-argument=advantage2disadvantageadvantage>disadvantage2023/2/1Wordsandphrasesthepaceoflifesetaboutdoingsth:beginorstartdoingsth开始，着手comeupwithananswerenslavesb.eatinto(ourtime)吞噬getstuckintrafficjamstime-consuming(journeys)dreamofdoingsth252023/2/1Wordsandphrasesenablesb.todosthin

realityn.+apart除了…之外pointtotheinformationexplosioninthewholeworldofscholarship

在整个学术界subscribeto订阅keepupwith262023/2/1Wordsandphrasesamountto(n./doingsth)applytobeinvolvedinbe(un)evenlydistributedhouseholdappliances家用器具timefamine/feeltime-pressed/betime-starved时间不够用（的）provokeavarietyofhighpressurejobs272023/2/1Wordsandphrasesspringup

cramintolieintheindustrialrevolution工业革命bynaturetheglobalvillageswitchoffthecell-phonesetboundariesbedoomedto(sthordosth)282023/2/1pointto,pointoutpointout

把…指出来（给…看）e.g.IpointouttohimwhereIusedtolive.MayIpointoutthatifwedon’tleavenowweshallmissthebus?292023/2/1pointto,pointoutpointto/towards:tosuggestthestrongpossibilityof,beasignof显出大有可能，表明是…的迹象e.g.Alltheevidencepointsto/towardsRandallasthemurderer.302023/2/1oblige①passive,obligetodo迫使某人做某事e.g.Ifeltobligedtoleaveaftersuchanunpleasantquarrel.②todosomeoneafavor,fulfillthewishes施恩惠于，满足…的要求312023/2/1obligecollocation:obligesb(withsth/bydoingsth)e.g.Couldyouobligemebyopeningthewindow?请你为我打开窗户好吗？Couldyouobligemewithamatch?请你给我一根火柴好吗？322023/2/1amountto(n./doingsth)Thisamountstodoingthewholethingoveragain.Thetuitionfeeamountstotenthousandyuan.332023/2/1subscribeto①topaymoneyregularly(insupportofsomegoodaim)赞助，定期捐款Wesubscribetoananimalprotectionsociety.我们定期捐款给一个动物保护协会。②topayregularlyinordertoreceiveamagazine,newspaper订阅（报纸，杂志等）Isubscribeto“Time”magazine.我订阅《时代》杂志。342023/2/1springupappear,develop,grow,etc.quicklyorsuddenly迅速地或突然地出现﹑发展﹑生长Newbuildingsarespringingupeverywhere.Fastfoodrestaurantsarespringingupalloverthecity.352023/2/1bedoomedto(n.或者v.)bedoomedtosthbedoomedtodosth(sth.)becertaintohappen,andyoucandonothingtopreventite.g.Thewholeprojectwasdoomedtofailurefromthestart.Hewasdoomedtounemploymentbyhisillhealth.Hethoughtthathewasdoomedtospendtherestofhislifeinawheelchair.36DR_word_pourinMessagesofcongratulationcamepouringin.pourin:gointoaplacequicklyandinlargenumbersManyfootballfanspouredintothestadiumtohavealookattheirfavoritefootballplayers.Collocation:pourdown沿…流下pourfrom从…流下pourinto流进DR_word_minute1Aminuteexaminationrevealedsmallflecks(斑点)ofbloodonthecoat.minute:adj.verysmallinsizeoramountThekitchenisminute,withbarelyroomfortwopeopletoturnaround.minute

意思是“很小的”、“细微的”，在本组词中算是“最小的”。small

指大小、重量、数量、规模、力量、重要性等方面“小的”、“少的”。minute,small&little这几个词都是形容词，都有“小的”之意。CF:DR_word_minute2little

没有真正的比较级和最高级，它经常暗示所谈及的人、物小得可爱。而small就没有这种含义，它多表示比较，是相对而言的。Fillintheblankswiththefollowingwords.minute,small&little1.Heisaman,onlyonepointfivemeterstall.2.Hiswritingis.3.Whatanicegarden!4.Thereisabirdinthetree.5.Thereareparticlesofgolddustontheground.6.Youmadeoneortwomistakes.small_____small_____minute______minute______little_____little_____DR_word_abundance1abundance:n.

quantitythatismorethanenough;plentyMostmilkconsistsofanabundanceofthemajornutrientsneededbythebodyforgoodhealth.Shehadanabundanceofveryblackhair.Collocation:anabundanceof大量的inabundance富有Bythemid-15thcenturypaperwasavailableinabundance.DR_word_abundance2alifeofabundance富裕的生活ofabundance富裕的abundance常指数量很多，超过需要。例如：plenty

指数量很多，超过期望。例如：abundance,plenty&profusion这三个词都是名词，都有“大量”之意。CF:Atthefeasttherewasfoodanddrinkinabundance.宴会上有大量的食物和饮料。Theoccasionwascelebratedwithplentyoffestivities.欢度那个节日举行了许多庆祝活动。profusion指数量很大，并含有过多之意。例如：DR_word_abundance3SeldomhaveIseenfoodanddrinkservedinsuchprofusion.我很少见过供应这样丰富的食物和饮料。DR_word_forecast1forecast:n.

1.v.tellinadvance;predictThemeansofforecastingnaturaldisasters,suchasfloodsandhurricanes,haveimprovedimmenselyasscienceandtechnologyhaveadvanced.MayitturnoutasIforecasted?2.n.astatementoffutureevents,basedonsomekindofknowledgeorjudgementThenewspaper’sforecastthatthesenator(议员)wouldbeelectedagainwasright.Didyoulistentotheweatherforecastontheradio?DR_word_forecast2Expertshaveforecastanupturninthestockmarket.专家们预测证券市场行情看涨。forecast指根据已知可能的发展进程或将来的情况作

出大概的预测，尤适用于天气预报．例如：forecast,foretell&predict这几个词都是动词，均有“预言”、“预示”、“预告”之意。CF:Theweathermanwasunabletoforecasttheweathermorethanthreedaysinadvance.气象员不能预报出三天以后的天气情况。DR_word_forecast3Heforetellseventsformtheflightsofbirds.他能从鸟的飞行来预测事件。foretell

是普通用语，原带有迷信色彩，表示预言注定的命运，但现在这种色彩逐渐消失，主语可以是人或物。例如：Whocanforetellwhatwillhappen?谁能预言将会发生什么事呢？DR_word_forecast4Whocanpredicthowtheelectionswillturnout?谁能预测选举的结果将会怎样？predict较为正式，语气比forecast强烈，指从已知事实

推断或根据自然定律断定未来的事情，其准确度

不一，可以和foretell互换，但主语只能是人。

例如：DR_word_nurture1nurture:vt.

careforandeducate(achild);encouragethegrowthof(sth.);nourishParentswanttoknowthebestwaytonurtureandraisetheirchildtoadulthood.Thelocalgovernmenthastakenmeasurestonurturethestate-runfactories.nurture

表示在幼儿、幼苗的成长过程中予以细心照料、保护。nurture,feed&supply这几个词都是动词，都有“供养”之意。CF:DR_word_nurture2Fillintheblankswiththefollowingwordsandchangetheformwherenecessary.feed

不仅表示喂养人、动物，实际上有时表示喂入嘴中，还表示给植物提供养分。广义上，它指为任何人或物提供所需外来养分。supply

表示供给所需物品。nurture,feed&supplyThefarmer’swifecattleandsheepeverymorning.2.Thegovernmentfreebookstoschools.feeds_____supplies_______DR_word_nurture3nurture,feed&supply3.Thesearetheplantsinthegreenhouse.4.Wewanttothenewproject,notdestroyit.5.Hehasalargefamilyto.6.HekeptmewellwithcupsofcoffeewhileIwrotethereport.nurture_______nurtured________feed_____supplied_______DR_word_provoke1provoke:vt.cause(sth.)tooccurorarouse(afeeling,etc.)People’sconcernovergeneticallymodifiedfoodhasprovokedaglobaldebatethatshowsnosignofendingsoon.TheyarguedthatNATOenlargementcouldprovokeRvoke

意思是“激怒”、“惹怒”、“致使”、“迫使”，尤指某事或话语使某人或某物生气、发怒而使其采取行动。例如：provoke,arouse&awaken这几个词都是动词，都有“引起”、“致使…反应”之意。CF:DR_word_provoke2Ifyouprovokethedog,itwillattackyou.如果你去招惹那条狗，它会咬你。Hisimpudenceprovokedherintoslappinghisface.他的鲁莽气得她打了他一耳光。arouse

意思是“引起”、“唤醒”，动作的意味较弱，表示使某人从睡眠状态中醒来或鼓励某人由不积极状态变为积极状态。例如：Mymotherarousedmefromsleep.我母亲把我从睡梦中唤醒了。DR_word_provoke3Ofalltheplanets,Marsalwaysarousesthegreatestcuriosity.在所有的行星中，火星一直引起人们最大的好奇心。Theoppressedpeopleareawakeningeverywhere.各地被压迫的人民在觉醒。awaken

常出现在被动语态中，意思是“被唤醒”，一般用在较正式的场合；它还常用在比喻中，意思是

“觉醒”。例如：Hewasawakenedbythesingingofbirdsinthetrees.他被林中鸟儿的鸣叫声惊醒了。Collocation:provokesb.todosth.挑动某人做某事DR_word_streamlinestreamline:vt.make(sth.)moreefficientandeffectiveCorporatemergerscanresultinjoblossesbecausemanagementcombinesandstreamlinesdepartmentswithinthenewlymergedcompanies.他们把赛车改成流线型，以使它行驶得更快。Theystreamlinedtheracingcarsothatitmovedevenfaster.2023/2/1stress,tension,nervousnessstress:greatworrycausedbyadifficultsituation;mentalorphysicaldistress压力e.g.thestressofmodernlifetension:mental,emotionalornervousstrain紧张，焦虑；紧张关系nervousness:(由于胆怯、害怕)造成的紧张，不安Exercises542023/2/1honorable,honoraryhonorable:①worthyofbeinghonored,deservinghonor光荣的，值得尊敬的②showinghignprincipleandgoodcharacter高尚的，品行高洁的Honorable（大写）：尊敬的Exercises552023/2/1honorable,honoraryhonorary:①givenasanhonor荣誉的②(ofapositionoritsholder)unpaid无报酬的，名誉的，名义上的56TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish1.吞噬2.困于交通堵塞3.越洋购物旅行

4.在大多数情况下5.使…摆脱6.个人的穿着打扮7.处理软件故障8.除去技术发展

eatintostuckintrafficjamsthetransatlanticshoppingexpeditioninmostcasesfreesb.frompersonalgrooming

fixsoftwareglitchestechnologyapart

TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish9.信息爆炸10.感到时间紧迫11.从世界各个角落12.在整个世界学术界13.无休止的选择14.分配不均匀15.抚养子女16.做有报酬的工 informationexplosionfeeltime-pressedfromeverycorneroftheworldinthewholeworldofscholarshipendlesschoicebeunevenlydistributednurtureoffspringtakepayingjobs

TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish17.家务杂活18.更充分的利用19.工业革命20.注定

householdchores

makebetteruseofIndustrialrevolution

bedoomedto

2023/2/1Structure:名词+apart：除了…之外Exercises601.Scanthetext,circleallphrasescontainingahyphen,andthenexplaintheirmeaningsandhowtheyareformed.1)ever-increasingquantitiesoftime(Para.1)2)horse-drawncarriage(Para.3)3)time-consumingjourneys(Para.4)4)thelaptop-on-the-beachsyndrome(Para.6)5)feeltime-pressed(Para.7)6)ever-largerquantitiesofgoodsandservices(Para.11)thequantitiesoftimeincreasingallthetimethecarriagedrawnbythehorsejourneysconsumingtimethesyndromecausedbygoingtothebeachwithalaptopthequantitiesofgoodsandservicesthatbecomelargerandlargerfeelthepresscausedbythelackoftime

Scanning7)betime-starved(Para.12)8)theLondon-basedHenleyCenter(Para.14)9)beself-imposed(Para.14)10)hour-by-hourlogs(Para.15)11)themid-1960s(Para.16)12)empty-nesters(Para.17)belackingintimetheHenleyCenterwithitsheadquarterlocatedinLondonbeimposedbyone’sownlogswrittenatdifferenthoursthemiddleofthe1960s

Scanningpeoplewithoutoffsprings

Scanning13)pre-schoolchildren(Para.17)14)on-lineretailers(Para.21)15)work-lifedebate(Para.22)16)long-hoursculture(Para.22)17)family-friendlyworkingpolicies(Para.22)18)thecell-phone(Para.28)childrenbeforeenteringtheschoolsretailersshoppingonlinedebateon“whichtochoose,workorlife”thetraditiontoincreasetheworkinghoursthepoliciesusedintheworkingplacestotreatemployeesinafriendlywaylikemembersinafamilythemobilephoneAfter-1.scanning.42.Makewordswiththefollowingprefixesorpatterns.1)ever-2)self-3)pre-4)adj.+n.+-ed5)adv.+v.+-edever-green,ever-lasting,ever-more…self-control,self-made,self-educated…pre-history,pre-mature,pre-recorded…

blue-eyed,simple-minded,left-handed…well-informed,much-used,poorly-dressed…

Scanning2023/2/1Post-readingdiscussionFinishthefollowingquestionnaire(20)withyourpart