初中中考语法专题专题二：名词

1.什么是名词？名词

(Noun)GeorgeAlexanderLouisloveMalaysiawater名词

(Noun)名词：用来表人，事物，地点和抽象事物的名称。什么是名词？happineshopesport

2.名词分为几类呢？专有名词

GeorgeAlexanderLouisUncleSam普通名词lovefoodwater一个苹果两个苹果oneapple

twoapples

somewaterabottleofwatersuccesssomesuccess普通名词可分为可数名词（countablenoun)和不可数名词（uncountablenoun)名词普通名词可数名词不可数名词专有名词水平层次结构名词的分类（2009江苏）Aretheseyour_______?tomato

potatosradioesphotos可数名词单复数的变化3.可数名词复数怎么变？busboxwatchdishbusesboxeswatchesdishes以s,sh,ch,x结尾的加es

例外：ch结尾发/k/的音，直接加s。如stomach可数名词单复数的变化babyfamilycountryboymonkeybabiesfamiliescountriesboys辅音字母+y结尾的变y为i加es;元音字母+y结尾的直接加smonkeys可数名词单复数的变化potatotomatopianophotozoopotatoestomatoespianosphotos以o结尾的,有生命的+es;无生命的+szoos例外：bamboos，kangaroos等可数名词单复数的变化wifeknifewolflifethiefwiveskniveswolveslives以f和fe结尾的,变f或fe为v+esthieves例外：roofs，proofs等可数名词单复数的变化不规则变化：国家人man---men,-ian/can后加-smanspacemanFrenchmanCanadianAmericanmenspacemenFrenchmenCanadiansAmericans可数名词单复数的变化foottoothsheepdeerChildmousefeetteethsheepdeer可数名词单复数的变化Childrenmice不规则变化：oo--ee,其它要常记单数变复数：mouth_____fox________match_____boy________family_____watch_______piano______tomato______monkey_____sheep_______mouse_____German______练一练(2012衡阳模拟)--Doyouknowhowmany______ahorsehasandhowmany_____abeehas?

--Ofcourse.Iknow.teeth;feettooth;footfoot;teethteeth;foot练一练A(2011惠州模拟)Howmany______arethereintheinternationalvillage?ChineseRussianAmericanEnglish练一练A(2012陕西)I’mgoingtothesupermarkettobuysome____thisafternoon.paperandpencilapplesandbananamilkandeggsbowlandspoons练一练C(2009茂名)Whenauturmcomes,the____thetreesturnyellow.leafonleavesonleafinleavesin练一练B规则变化：不规则变化可数名词单复数的变化不可数名词lovewaterfriendshipmoviestarricesandwoodhappinesshonesty判断下列名词可不可数5.怎么区分可不可数呢？friendshipmoviestarricesandwoodhappinesshonesty判断下列名词可不可数可分不可数，不可分可数advice建议news新闻help帮助information信息knowledge知识weather天气work工作homework家庭作业housework家务活fun乐趣常考不可数名词air空气

milk牛奶

bread面包

coffee咖啡

juice果汁money金钱music音乐前无a/an,后无s（2009梅州）Nowadayspeoplecangetmuch_____fromTV,newspapersandtheInternet.ideasstoriesphotosinformation练一练（2008成都）MyfriendDavehelpedmealotbygivingme_____onEnglishlearning.advicesmanyadvicesomeadvice练一练（2009梅州）Nowadayspeoplecangetmuch_____fromTV,newspapersandtheInternet.ideasstoriesphotosinformation练一练

(2009河南)Youshoulddomore______.Don’talwayssitatthedeskbusydoingyour______.exercise;exercisesexercises;exerciseexercises;exercisesexercise;exercise

A5.可数+不可数即可做可数名词又可作不可数名词名词Let'shaveacheck!

(2007宁波)Wouldyoulikesome_______?breadmeatbeeforangefishchicken

(2010广西模拟)Lotsofthingsaremadeof____?Wemustprotect_______.woods;woodswood;woodwood;woodswoods;wood

C名词不可数名词+s后意思变了work工作works著作wood木头woods树林sand沙子sands沙滩good好处goods商品不可数名词+s后意思变了

(2010天津)Whilewalkingalongthe_____,hefoundfootprintsonthe_______.sand;sandsands;sandssand;sandssands;sand练一练【2011江西】Thedoctortoldmetoeatmore______becauseit’sgoodformyhealth.A.orangeB.vegetablesC.icecreamD.fish练一练(2007年山西）--CouldIhavesomethingtoeat?---Sure.Here'ssome_______.A.chickenB.tomatoesC.orange练一练(2010中山模拟)Couldyoupleasegivesome_______tothe______teachers?advice;manadvices;mensuggestion;mansuggestions;men练一练Let'shaveareview!Whathavewelearntaboutnoun?名词：

用来表人，事物，地点和抽象事物的名称。什么是名词？happineshopesport

名词普通名词可数名词不可数名词专有名词水平层次结构名词的分类可数不可分，可分不可数规则变化：不规则变化可数名词单复数的变化即可做可数名词又可作不可数名词不可数名词-s改变词义名词名词的用法byJessicaTieYoumakemesick!You’reajerk!Ihateyou!You’recrazy!Whosays?Youmakemesomad.You’reanasshole.Youlookguilty.I’llneverforgiveyou!You’resonofbitch!主+谓+宾+宾补主+系+表主+谓+宾主+系+表主+谓主+谓+宾+宾补主+系+表主+系+表主+谓+宾主+系+表Youmakemesick!You’reajerk!Ihateyou!You’recrazy!Whosays?Youmakemesomad.You’reanasshole.Youlookguilty.I’llneverforgiveyou!You’resonofbitch!主+谓+宾+宾补主+系+表主+谓+宾主+系+表主+谓主+谓+宾+宾补主+系+表主+系+表主+谓+宾主+系+表

1、主谓宾（表语）：动词前做主语n+v;动词/介词后做宾语v+n;be动词后做表语be+n;Alotof_______cometotheConfucianTempleeveryyear.(visit)名词的用法visitors

1、主谓宾（表语）：动词前做主语n+v;动词/介词后做宾语v+n;be动词后做表语be+n;Thefirstthingweshoulddoistofindouthowmany__________(wound)thesoldierhasgot.名词的用法woundsmany2、修饰词+名词：

aphone twophonesanoldmobilephone myblackphone……

名词的用法3、名词+名词

名词的用法twoplasticbottles名词做定语:纸老虎牛魔王孙悟空PapertigersBullDemonKingMonkeyKing一个纸风筝一个咖啡杯一个公交车站一位女老师apaperkiteacoffeecupabusstation/stopawomanteacher表示材料、作用、性质

anappletreetwoappletrees

amandoctor

two

mendoctors

ashoeshopawomanteacheragirlstudentshoeshopswomenteachersgirlstudents双名后者变，男女双双变

数词+名词+形容词做定语五岁的小孩a5-year-oldboy两英寸的字典a2-inch-thick

dictionary（2011广元）Ourhospitalneedstwo＿＿＿doctors,MrsLi.Youcanaskyoursontohaveatry.A.womenB.manC.menC（2008肇庆）Anewstudyprovesa________walkeverydayisenoughtokeeppeopleawayfrombecomingfat.30-minute30-minute's30-minutesA（2009无锡）______theteachersintheirschoolisabout200andonefourthofthemare____teachers.A.Anumberof;womenB.Anumberof;woman

C.Thenumberof;womenD.Thenumberof;womanC1、主谓宾（表语）

2、修饰词+名词3、名词+名词名词的用法练习：1.Theheadmastermadeagoodopening_______(speak)atthemeeting.2.Hedoesn'tknowthe_________(different)betweenthesetwowords.3.It'ssaidthattherewereseveral______(die)intheroadaccident.4.Mr.Allanhasmuchmore____________(know)thanI.5.ThomasEdisonWasagreatAmerican_________(invent).6.These_____________(Australia)arefriendly.7.The_________(win)ofthegamewillgetapresent.8.Mikehasgotafine_________(collect)ofChinesestamps.9.Thetelevisionisawonderful___________(invent).10.Alotof________(cycle)fellofftheirbicyclesbecauseofthedeepsnowontheground.speechdifferencedeathsknowledgeinventorAustralianswinnercollectioninventioncyclists（2008肇庆）Anewstudyprovesa________walkeverydayisenoughtokeeppeopleawayfrombecomingfat.30-minute30-minute's30-minutesA名词所有格这个男人的名字是PSY。Theman'snameisPSY.'s结构，一般用于有生命1、主谓宾（表语）

2、修饰词+名词3、名词+名词4.名词所有格名词的用法小丸子的图片Chi-biMaruko'spicture她妈妈的图片hermother'spicture妇女节Children'sDay儿童节Women'sDay女孩们的友谊girls'friendship男孩们的运动boys'sport(09济南）Mary'sskirtisthesameasher_____.A.sisitersB.brotherC.sister's

D.brothersThisyear,________isonMay9th.A.Mymother'sbrithdayB.Mymothers'brithdayC.MymothersbrithdayD.Mymothers'sbrithdayA(2010河北)Idon’tthinklookingafterchildrenisjust_______work.womanwoman’swomenwomen’sDTodayisSeptember10th.It's_______Day.A.TeacherB.Teacher'sC.Teachers'D.Teacher'C小丸子和她姐姐的房间Maruko'sandhersister'shats.小丸子和她姐姐的帽子Marukoandhersister'sroom.两者共有时后者加-’s，分别拥有则分别加-’s（08广东）_____mothersbothworkinthesamehospital.A.TimandPeter’sB.Tim’sandPeterC.Tim’sandPeter’sD.TimandPeterC（07河北）_____roomisbigandbright.Theylikeitverymuch.A.TomandSamB.Tom'sandSamC.TomandSam'sD.Tom'sandSam'sCThisis_____computer.Thetwinbrotherslikeitverymuch.A.MikeandJackB.Mike’sandJack’sC.Mike’sandJackD.MikeandJack’s

DLinTaoisill,sohehastogotothe_______.A.doctorB.doctor'sC.doctors'D.doctor'B去看医生gotoseethedoctorgotothedoctor'sat/to+某人/某职业+’s指在/去某人家/店铺里（工作场所）tomyuncle'satMrWang'satthebarber’s去我叔叔家在王先生家里在理发店(2010江门)TomorrowI’mgoingtomy_____.It’sa____________.aunt;fiveminutes’walkaunt’s;fiveminute’swalkaunt;fiveminute’swalkaunt’s;fiveminutes’walkD有些表示时间、距离、重量、价格、长度、国家等名词的所有格可以用’s今天的报纸深圳的街道两小时的步行路程Shenzhen'sstreetstoday'snewspapertwohours'walk(2011湛江模拟)--Howsoonshallwestartthebicycletrip?Infiveday’stimeInfivedays’timeInfivedaystimeInfivedaytimeB(2011岳阳)25.It’s

fromourschooltomyhome.

A.tenminutes’walkB.tenminute’swalkC.tenminuteswalkAof结构表示所有格theVoiceofChinaof+名词，表示无生命的所有格小丸子家人的照片aphotoofherfamily____facetothesouth.

A.Thewindowsoftheroom’sB.Thewindowsoftheroom

C.Theroom'swindowsD.ThewindowsinroomBmybestfriend'swedding=theweddingofmybestfriend's双重所有格结构：of+名词’sof+名词性物主代词我爸爸的一个朋友爱迪生的一些发明他的两位兄弟afriendofmyfather'stwobrothersofhissomeinventionsofEdison's

apictureofMaruko

apictureofMaruko's猜猜他们的区别（2008潍坊）MrsBondisanoldfriendof_______.A.JackmotherB.Jackmother'sC.Jack'smotherD.Jack'smother'sD(06济南)Shemet_______inthestreetlastweek.A.afriendofhermotherB.afriendofhermother’sC.amother’sfriendD.motheroffriend

BBillyandIaregoodfriends,Ihave_______.Lookatthisone,howsweetheissmiling!A.somepicturesofBilly'B.somepicturesofBilly'sC.someBilly'spicturesD.somepicturesofBilly

DThe_____nowisthatwehavelotsof_____toask.A.problem;questionsB.question;problemsC.question;problemD.problem;questionA名词辨析question&problem需要回答的问题，一般