八年级下阅读复习(猜测词义 主旨大意)

ReadingStrategiesGuessingtheWordsGraspthemainideaofapassageTheGreatWallMiddleSchoolXiangJuanzhiGuessingGame1.Whatiscleanwhenitisblackanddirtywhenitiswhite?Blackboard2.Whoisn'tyoursisterandisn'tyourbrother,butisstillachildofyourmotherandfather?Imyself.3.Whathasasoftbedbutneversleeps,abigmouthbutneverspeaks?Ariver.4.Iamalwayswithyou.Sometimesbehindyou,sometimesbeforeyou,sometimesbyyourside,butyoucan’tseemeinthedark.ShadowGuessingGame5.Givemefood,andIwilllive;givemewater,andIwilldie.WhatamI?fire6.Ihavecitiesbutnohouses,forestsbutnotrees,riverswithoutwater.WhatamI?Amap7.Whatpersontriestomakeotherssmilemostofthetime?Aphotographer

Jennygetsfullmarksinthetestandsheissohappy.ButIonlyget59pointsandI’mreallyblue.The1stwaytoguess:contrast

对比法Beboldtoguess!Abatisasmallanimal.Itlookslikeamousewithwings(翅膀).Anditfliesaroundatnight.Abatisasmallanimal.The2ndwaytoguess:definition

定义法batjohnI’mJohn.Tomdranktoomuchwaterbeforehewenttosleeplastnight,sohegotupandwenttovisitjohntwice.toiletwashroomThe3rdwaytoguess:commonsense

常识法homelessUnlikeothergirls,Haileyisagreatgirl.Shegivesfoodtohomelesspeopleandbuildhousesforthem.《她只有9岁,却改变了世界对流浪汉的态度!》The4thwaytoguess:wordformation

构词法homeless=home+-lessunlike=un-+like常见前缀、后缀whenpigsflyAngela:What!YoulendmoneytoPaul.Healwaysborrowsmoneyandneverpaysitback.He’llreturnthemoneywhenpigsfly.atsixesandsevensWilliamhasapartyathomeandmanyfriendscome.Theyhaveagoodtimesinging,dancingandhavingdeliciousfood.Butwhenthepartyisover,everythingisatsixesandsevensinthehouse.inastateofdisorder乱七八糟的，杂乱无章的The5thwaytoguess:context

语境法

whenpigsflyatsixesandsevensabigpotatoSteveJobsisagreatman.HeissmartandhemakestheiPhonepopulararoundtheworld.Peoplethinkheisabigpotatobecauseheisimportantinchangingourlives.dresstotheninesYoudonothavetodresstothenines,orwearyourbestclothes,forthiskindofwork.The6thwaytoguess:synonyms

近义词法abigpotatodresstotheninesPracticemakesperfect!1.ThoughTom’sfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean,hisneckstillremainsgrubby.

A.肮脏的B.迷人的C.光滑的

2.Afteradayofhunting,Haroldwasravenous.Heatetwobowlsofsoup,asalad,alargechicken,andapieceofchocolatecakebeforehewasfinallysatisfied.A.高兴的B.极饿的C.贪婪的3.Unlike

her

overweight

sister,

Joan

is

a

slim

girl.

A.受欢迎的B.苗条的C.开朗的4.Expert

refers

to

a

person

with

special

knowledge,

skill

or

training

in

something.

A.教练B.主管C.专家5.The

evening

is

too

cold

for

him.

He

is

wearing

a

heavy

coat

and

he

is

still

shivering.A.时尚的B.兴奋的C.颤抖的

6.The

meeting

has

been

postponed

to

next

Sunday,so

you

have

enough

time.

A.增加B.变更C.推迟7.It

is

so

hot

that

the

chocolate

melts

in

the

bag.

.A.褪色B.融化C.流动8.Mary,you’re

overweight.

You

eat

too

much

junk

food.

Even

worse,

you

exercise

infrequently.A.罕见地B.经常地C.坚持地

Guessthemeaningsofunderlinedwordsinapassage.Oneday,anelephantwalksintoaforest(森林)tomakefriends.Atfirst,heseesamonkeyonatreeandasks,“Willyoubemyfriend?”Themonkeyreplies1,“Youaretoobig.Youcan’tswing2fromtreeslikeme.”Then,theelephantmeetsarabbit.Therabbitsays,“Youaretoobigtoplayinmyburrow3!”…Theelephantisupset4.Thenextday,theelephantseesalltheanimalsrunningfortheirlives5.Heasksthemwhatisthematter.Thebearreplies,“Thereisatigerintheforest.He’lleatusup6.”Theelephantwalksuptothetigerandaskshimnottoeatotheranimals,butthetigerrefuses7.Theelephantgivesthetigerahardkick（猛踢）.Thetigerrunsforhislife.Alltheanimalsthanktheelephant.Theysay,“Youarejusttheright8sizetobeourfriend.”Meaningsoftheunderlinedwords:1._____________2._____________3.______________4.______________5.______________6._____________7._____________8.______________

Thetitleofthepassage:

Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousandterribledisease(illness),cancer,cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itcangiveonea“smoker’scough”.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekiller,cancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit?Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.CigarettesmokingcancausecancerB.Smokingcancausethemostseriousandterribledisease(illness)C.SmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblemsD.Smokingisharmful.D以偏概全Thepurposeofparagraph3isto_______.A.showhowanimalscanhelpwithillnessesB.discusstheproblemsofkeepingpetsC.describehowtotrainanimalhelpersD.introducesomenewmedicalresearch

Hereisacasethatshowsthebenefitsofanimals.Johnwasasix-year-oldmute.Hehadnophysicalproblems.Hejustrefusedtotalk.Hisoldercousin,Ned,hadaparrotcalledSally,andJohnusedtovisitit.Whenhearrived,Nedusedtosay,“Hi,John!”Weallknowparrotscopywhattheyhear.Afterafewvisits,Sallybegansaying“Hi,John!”whenJohncameintotheroom.Then,oneday,Johnturnedtotheparrotandreplied“Hi,Sally!”StayingwiththeparrotencouragedJohntobegintalking.断章取义无中生有Thispassagetellsusmainlyabout_________.A.theimportanceof"guessing"inlearningaforeignlanguageB.howtoguesswhatoneisgoingtotalkaboutC.someexamplesofrightguessingD.howimportantitistoguessallthetime

Oneofthethingstobelearntinaforeignlanguageisguessingwhatkindofthingtocomewhenlisteningtosomeonetalking.Peopledothisallthetimeintheirownlanguage,soitisnecessary(必要的)todothisinaforeignlanguage,too.Herearesomeexamples.1."What'sthematter？""Iwenttoapartylastnight,soI…"2."Ifeelsotiredthesedays.""Ithinkyou'dbetter…"3."Ofcourse,sheneverstopstalking.Sheisoneofthemost…"Youcanseefromtheabovethreeexamplesthatthecontext(上下文)helpsalotinunderstandingwhatisbeingtalkedabout.So"guessing"isveryimportantinunderstandingEnglish,especially(尤其)spokenEnglish.主题扩大解题技巧：1.以原文为依据，不掺杂个人意见，要客观不要主观。2.寻找主题句。（注意每段的主题句）3.排除干扰项。4.归纳总结。（把握每段的主题句，弄清段与段之间的逻辑关系。）Reading

Oneday,ateacherwasgivingaspeechtohisstudents.Heheldupaglassofwaterandaskedtheclass,"Howheavydoyouthinkthisglassofwateris?"Thestudents'answersrangedfrom20gto500g."Itdoesnotmatterontheweightitself.Itdependsonhowlongyouholdit.IfIholditforaminute,itisOK.IfIholditforanhour,Iwillhaveanacheinmyrightarm.IfIholditforanhour,Iwillhaveanacheinmyrightarm.IfIholditforaday,youwillhavetocallanambulance.Itisexactlythesameweight,butthelongerIholdit,theheavieritbecomes."“Doyouknowwhy?Ifwecarryourburdensallthetime,soonerorlater,wewillnotbeabletocarryontheburdenbecomingincreasinglyheavier."

"Whatyouhavetodoistoputtheglassdown,restforawhilebeforeholdingitupagain."Theteachersaid.Wehavetoputdowntheburdensometimes,sothatwecanberefreshedandareabletocarryonagain.Sobeforeyoureturnhomefromworktonight,puttheburdenofworkdown.Don'tcarryitbackhome.Youcanpickituptomorrow.Whateverburdensyouarehavingnowonyourshoulders,letitdownforamomentifyoucan.Whynothaveatry?1．Theteacherbroughtaglassofwatertotheclassbecause_________．A．hewasve