有限元及力学专业词汇汇总-中英文对照

拉力tensileforce正应力normalstress切应力shearstress静水压力hydrostaticpressure集中力concentratedforce分布力distributedforce线性应力应变关系linearrelationshipbetweenstressandstrain弹性模量modulusofelasticity横向力lateralforcetransverseforce轴向力axialforce拉应力tensilestress压应力compressivestress平衡方程equilibriumequation静力学方程equationsofstatic比例极限proportionallimit应力应变曲线stress-straincurve拉伸实验tensiletest屈服应力yieldstress极限应力ultimatestress轴shaft梁beam纯剪切pureshear横截面积cross-sectionalarea挠度曲线deflectioncurve曲率半径radiusofcurvature曲率半径的倒数reciprocalofradiusofcurvature纵轴longitudinalaxis悬臂梁cantileverbeam简支梁simplysupportedbeam微分方程differentialequation惯性矩momentofinertia静矩staticmoment扭矩torquemoment弯矩bendingmoment弯矩对x的导数derivativeofbendingmomentwithrespecttox弯矩对x的二阶导数thesecondderivativeofbendingmomentwithrespecttox静定梁staticallydeterminatebeam静不定梁staticallyindeterminatebeam相容方程compatibilityequation补充方程complementaryequation中性轴neutralaxis圆截面circularcrosssection两端作用扭矩twistedbycouplesattwoends刚体rigidbody扭转角twistangle静力等效staticallyequivalent相互垂直平面mutuallyperpendicularplanes通过截面形心throughthecentroidofthecrosssection一端铰支pinsupportatoneend一端固定fixedatoneend弯矩图bendingmomentdiagram剪力图shearforcediagram剪力突变abruptchangeinshearforce、旋转和平移rotationandtranslation虎克定律hook'slaw边界条件boundarycondition初始位置initialposition力矩面积法moment-areamethod绕纵轴转动rotateaboutalongitudinalaxis横坐标abscissa扭转刚度torsionalrigidity拉伸刚度tensilerigidity剪应力的合力resultantofshearstress正应力的大小magnitudeofnormalstress脆性破坏brittlefail刚体的平衡equilibriumofrigidbody约束力constraintforce重力gravitationalforce实际作用力actualforce三维力系three-dimentionalforcesystem合力矩resultantmoment标量方程scalarequation、矢量方程vectorequation张量方程tensorequation汇交力系cocurrentsystemofforces任意一点anarbitrarypoint合矢量resultantvector反作用力reactionforce反作用力偶reactioncouple转动约束restrietionagainstrotation平动约束restrietionagainsttranslation运动的趋势tendencyofmotion绕给定轴转动rotateaboutaspecificaxis沿一个方向运动moveinadirection控制方程controlequation共线力collinearforces平面力系planarforcesystem一束光abeamoflight未知反力unknownreactionforces参考框架frameofreference大小和方向magnitudeanddirection几何约束geometrierestrietion刚性连接rigidlyconnected运动学关系kinematicalrelations运动的合成superpositionofmovement固定点fixedpoint平动的叠力口superpositionoftranslation刚体的角速度angularspeedofarigidbody质点动力学particledynamics运动微分方程differentialequationofmotion工程实际问题practicalengineeringproblems变化率rateofchange动量守恒conservationoflinearmomentum定性的描述qualitativedescription点线dottedline划线dashedline实线solidline矢量积vectorproduct点积dotproduct极惯性矩polarmomentofinertia角速度angularvelocity角力口速度angularaccelerationinfinitesimalamount无穷小量definiteintegral定积分acertainintervaloftime某一时间段kineticenergy动能conservativeforce保守力dampingforce阻尼力coefficientofdamping阻尼系数freevibration自由振动periodicdisturbance周期性扰动viscousforce粘性力forcedvibration强迫震动generalsolution通解particularsolution特解transientsolution瞬态解steadystatesolution稳态解secondorderpartialdifferentialequation二阶偏微分方程externalforce夕卜力internalforce内力stresscomponent应力分量stateofstress应力状态coordinateaxes坐标系conditionsofequilibrium平衡条件bodyforce体力continuummechanics连续介质力学displacementcomponent位移分量additionalrestrietions附力口约束compatibilityconditions相容条件mathematicalformulations数学公式isotropicmaterial各向同性材料sufficientsmall充分小stateofstrain应变状态unitmatrix单位矩阵dilatationstrain膨胀应变thefirststraininvariant第一应变不变量deviatorstresscomponents应力偏量分量thefirstinvariantofstresstensor应力张量的第一不变量bulkmodulus体积模量constitutiverelations本构关系linearelasticmaterial线弹性材料mathematicalderivation数学推导astateofstaticequilibrium静力平衡状态Newton‘sfirstlawofmotion牛顿第一运动定律directlyproportionalto与成正比stressconcentrationfactor应力集中系数stateofloading载荷状态stvenant'principle圣维南原理uniaxialtension单轴拉伸cylindricalcoordinates柱坐标bucklingofcolumns柱的屈曲criticalvalue临界值stableequilibrium稳态平衡unstableequilibriumcondition不稳定平衡条件criticalload临界载荷aslendercolumn细长杆fixedatthelowerend下端固定freeattheupperend上端自由criticalbucklingload临界屈曲载荷potentialenergy势能fixedatbothends两端固定hingedatbothends两端铰支tubularmember管型杆件transversedimention横向尺寸stabilityofcolumn柱的稳定axialforce轴向力ellipticalhole椭圆孔planestress平面应力nominalstress名义应为principalst