初中英语语法9

语法互动(九)非谓语动词语法互动（九）┃非谓语动词

1.动词不定式的用法。2.动名词的用法。3.现在分词或过去分词的用法。中考考点中考考点考点过关考点一动词不定式

不定式有两种，即带to的不定式(to＋动词原形)和不带to的不定式。注意：它没有人称和数的变化。1．作主语[常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语(动词不定式)置于句末。]常用句型结构为“It's＋adj./n.＋(for/ofsb.)＋todosth.”。Toasktheteacherforhelpisnecessary.＝Itisnecessarytoasktheteacherforhelp.向老师寻求帮助是必要的。语法互动（九）┃非谓语动词

中考考点考点过关2．作宾语(1)后接不定式作宾语的动词有want,try,decide,hope,need,wish,agree,expect,refuse,learn,remember,forget,wouldlike/love等。Ihope__________therebeforedark.我希望天黑以前到那儿。(2)在think,find,make等动词后通常用it作形式宾语，而将不定式移至形容词之后，构成“主语＋谓语＋it(形式宾语)＋宾补(形容词/名词)＋不定式”结构。Ifounditdifficulttosolvetheproblem.我发现解决这个问题很难。语法互动（九）┃非谓语动词

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中考考点考点过关3．作宾语补足语(1)后面能接带to的不定式作宾补的动词有tell,ask,allow,want,help,wish,teach,warn,invite,wouldlike,encourage等。Theteachertoldus__________Exercise1.老师告诉我们做练习一。(2)使役动词let,make,have和感官动词see，hear,watch,notice,feel等后要用不带to的动词不定式作宾补。但是，当上述动词变为被动语态时，其后的不定式必须补上to。Weoftenhearhersing.我们经常听见她唱歌。被动语态：Sheisoftenheardtosing.语法互动（九）┃非谓语动词

todo中考考点考点过关4．作状语常见的状语有目的状语、原因状语、结果状语等。Mr.LeewillgotoHangzhoutovisittheWestLake.李先生将会去杭州参观西湖。(作目的状语)5．作定语动词不定式作定语时，放在被修饰的名词的后面，作后置定语。Idon'thaveapartnertopracticeEnglishwith.我没有一个一起练习英语的同伴。6．作表语Theirdutyis______________theanimals.他们的职责是照看动物。语法互动（九）┃非谓语动词

tolookafter/takecareof中考考点考点过关7.“疑问词＋不定式”结构动词不定式可以和what,which,when,where,how等疑问词连用，构成不定式短语，在句中作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等。Hedoesn'tknow________________.他不知道要穿什么。(作宾语)[提醒]动词不定式的否定结构为“nottodosth.”。语法互动（九）┃非谓语动词

whattowear中考考点考点过关考点二动名词动名词由“动词原形＋­ing”构成，其与现在分词同形。动名词既有动词的性质，也有名词的性质。1．作主语Playingcomputergamestoomuchisbadforyoureyes.过度地玩电脑游戏对你的眼睛有害。动名词作主语和动词不定式作主语，在很多情况下可以通用。2．作宾语常接动名词作宾语的动词或短语有enjoy,finish,consider(考虑),miss,keep,mind,practice,suggest,bebusy,feellike,giveup,can'thelp,avoid,beusedto,beworth,beafraidof,beproudof,beinterestedin,can'tstop,keep/stop…from,lookforwardto,putoff,havefun等。Haveyoufinished__________thebook?你读完这本书了吗？语法互动（九）┃非谓语动词

reading中考考点考点过关3．作表语Thenurse'sjobis__________thepatients.护士的工作是照顾病人。4．作定语Ioftengotothe__________．我经常去阅览室。[提醒]有些词后既可接不定式又可接v.­ing形式作宾语，但表达的意义不同。常见短语：(1)stoptodosth.停下来去做另外一件事(不定式作目的状语)stopdoingsth.停止做某事(v.­ing作宾语)(2)trytodosth.试图(企图)做某事；尽力做某事trydoingsth.尝试着做某事(3)forgettodosth.忘记要去做某事(还没做)forgetdoingsth.忘记做过了某事(已做)语法互动（九）┃非谓语动词

lookingafter/takingcareofreadingroom中考考点考点过关(4)remembertodosth.记着要去做某事(还没做)rememberdoingsth.记得做过了某事(已做)(5)goontodosth.做完一件事后继续做另外一件不同的事goondoingsth.继续做原来所做的事(6)sth.needdoing(某事)需要做(被动含义)needtodosth.需要去做某事(主动含义)语法互动（九）┃非谓语动词

中考考点考点过关考点三分词

分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词(v.­ing)有主动、进行之意；过去分词(v.­ed)有被动、完成之意。1．作定语Chinaisa________country.Americaisa________country.中国是一个发展中国家，美国是一个发达国家。IknowtheboycalledLiMing.我认识那个叫李明的男孩。2．作表语Thebookisinteresting.I'minterestedinit.这本书很有趣，我对它感兴趣。语法互动（九）┃非谓语动词

developingdeveloped中考考点考点过关3．作宾语补足语Isawhergoingupstairs.我看见她正在上楼。Iwanttohavesomephotostaken.我想拍几张照片。4．作状语Laughingandtalking,theywentintotheroom.他们有说有笑地走进了房间。5．现在分词与过去分词的区别(1)在语态上，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。thesurprisingnews令人惊讶的新闻asurprisedlook惊讶的神色(2)在时间上，现在分词表示正在进行的动作，过去分词表示已经完成的动作。thedevelopingcountry发展中国家thedevelopedcountry发达国家语法互动（九）┃非谓语动词

中考考点考点过关6．易混结构使役动词(make,keep,let,have等)易混结构的区分。如havesb.doingsth.与havesth.done的区别：(1)havesb.doingsth.意为“让某人一直做某事”，doing这个动作具有持续性。Theteacherhadtheboysstandingallday.老师让男生们罚站了一整天。(2)havesth.done意为“让某人做某事”，相当于asksb.todosth.,done表示让他人完成，有被动之意。Ihadmycomputerrepairedyesterday.昨天我让人修理了我的电脑。语法互动（九）┃非谓语动词

中考考点考点过关用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空1．It'sveryniceofyou________(help)me.2．He'sinterestedin________(play)chess.3．Pleasestop________(smoke).It'sbadforyourhealth.4．Thekidshadfun________(swim)inthewater.5．Shedidn'tknowwhichsweater________(choose)．6．Wedecided________(visit)theGreatWall.7．I'dlikeyou________(go)shoppingwithme.8．Whynot________(join)anEnglishclubtopractice________(speak)English?语法互动（九）┃非谓语动词

考点过关tohelpplayingsmokingswimmingtochoosetovisittogojoinspeaking中考考点考点过关9．Asweallknow,it'simpolitetokeepothers________(wait)foralongtime.10．Mycomputerdoesn'twork.Imusthaveit________(repair)．11．Theyspenttwohours________(clean)theclassroom.12．Johnusedto________(get)uplate,butnowhe'susedto________(get)upearly.13．Wouldyoumind________(turn)downthemusic?Thebabyissleeping.14．Studentsinourclasshavefinished________(read)thearticle.15．Ourteacherhasgivenussomeadvicethatiswellworth________(consider)．16．Isn'titstrangethatthecatisusedto________(lie)besidethedogpeacefully?语法互动（九）┃非谓语动词

waitingrepairedcleaninggetgettingturningreadingconsideringlying中考考点考点过关17．—Whatishebusydoing?—Heisbusydoingtheexperiment________(complete)thescienceproject.18．Toreduceairpoll