《定语从句》复习课王丹虹

PeriodTwelveAttributiveClauseTeachinggoals教学目标ReviewtheusageofattributiveclauseTeachingimportant&difficultpoints教学重难点HowtomastertheusageofattributiveclauseTeachingmethods教学方法ExplanationandpracticeTeachingaids教具准备Multi-mediacomputerTeachingprocedures&ways教学过程与方式StepIExplanation一、定义（使用PPT投影功能、批注功能）定语从句起形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用，二是在从句中担当一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致。关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系代词who人主语Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmother?whom,which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用thatwhom人宾语Mr.SmithisthepersonwithwhomIamworkingTheboy(whom)sheloveddiedinthewar..whose人，物定语Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismydeskmate.that人，物主语宾语Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Sheisthepopstar(that)Iwanttoseeverymuch.which物主语宾语Thebook(which)Igaveyouwasworth$10.Thepicturewhichwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.as人，物主语宾语Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.as做宾语一般不省略关系副词when时间时间状语Iwillneverforgetthedaywhenwemetthere.可用onwhichwhere地点地点状语ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.可用inwhichwhy原因原因状语Ican’timaginethereasonwhyheturneddownmyoffer.可用forwhichas与which的区别：定语从句区别例句限制性定语从句中名词前有such和thesame修饰时，关系代词用as,不能用whichHeisnotsuchafoolashelooks.Don’treadsuchbooksasyoucan’tunderstand.非限制性定语从句中as和which都可以指代前面整个主句。如果有“正如，象”的含义，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as；而which引导的从句只能放主句后，并无“正如”的意思。Theywonthegame,aswehadexpected.Theywonthegame,whichwehadn’texpected.Asiswellknown,heisafamousfilmstarinthe1980s.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：类别语法意义及特征例句限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用，如果去掉，主句意思就不完整明确，这种从句与主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。TheaccidenthappenedatthetimewhenIleft.非限制性定语从句对先行词作附加的说明，与主句的关系不十分密切，较松散。从句和主句之间用逗号分开，相当于一个插入语，不能用that引导，关系代词做宾语时也不能省略。Hismother,whomheloveddeeply,diedtenyearsago.二、考点聚焦（使用PPT投影功能、批注功能）1、功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语2、位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后Thosewhoarewillingtoattendtheparty,signhereplease.3、先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词（1）先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如:some-,any-,every-和no与-boy,-thing的合成词；或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样可作先行词。（2）先行词与关系词是等量关系。必须注意两点：①先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。Thisistheplacewhichisworthvisiting.②关系词在从句句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。Therearemanyplaceswecanvisit（them）inChina.4、关系词：引导定语从句的都称关系词关系代词：who,whom,which,that,whose,as。关系副词：when,where,why。that偶尔也作关系副词。5、确定关系词的步骤（1）先找关系词，看先行词指的是什么。（2）看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。6、在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which（1）先行词被①形容词最高级②序数词③数词几种词修饰或被④only、any、few、little、no、all、oneof等修饰时。（2）先行词为all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything等不定代词时。（3）先行词中既有人又有物时。Hewaslookingpleasantlyattechildrenandparcelsthatfilledhisbus.（4）先行词在主句中作表语关系词在从句中作表语时。Thevillageisnolongertheonethatwas5yearsago.（5）当主句中含有疑问词which时。Whicharethebooksthatyouboughtforme?7、宜用which而不用that的情况（1）在非限制性定语从句中（2）在关系词前有介词时（3）当先行词本身是that时（4）当关系词离先行词较远时8、关系词who与that指人时，也有不同情况分别用不同的关系词（1）当主句是therebe句型时，关系词用who。（2）先行词是为anyone、those、someone、everyone、one等词时，关系词用who。（3）当主句是who作疑问词时，关系词用that。Whoisthatgirlthatisstandingbythewindow?（4）whom在从句中只作宾语，可被who取代。9、whose作关系词既指人又指物，在从句中作定语。如：DoyouknowMr.Smithwhosestoryisverymoving?Thereisaroom,whosewindowfacestheriver.Thereisaroom,thewindowofwhichfacestheriver.10、关系代词as,在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。（1）先行词被such和thesame修饰，或句型asmany（much）中，从句都用as引导。Suchbooksasyouboughtareuseful.Theschoolisjustthesameasitwas10yearsage.注意：区别①such…that…引导的结果状语从句。Theyaresuchlovelychildrenthatwelovethemmuch②thesame…that…引导定语从句。Iwanttousethesametoolthatyouusedjustnow.（2）无先行词的定语从句用as和which引导。区别：①意义上：as含有“这点正如……一样”。②位置上：as从句可置句首，也可在另处。Hedidn’tpasstheexam,aswehadexpected.Thereislotsofairinloosesnow,whichcankeepthecoldout.Asisknown,theearthisround,notflat.11、关系副词when与where、why、thatwhen指时间=in/at/on/duringwhichwhere指地点=in/at/from/whichwhy指原因=forwhich当先行词为way、day、reason、time时，可用that作关系副词。（非正式场合）Idon’tlikethewaythat/inwhich/hetalks.当time作先行词时，关系词可以省掉。ThisisthefirsttimeIhavegivenyoualessoninFrench.12、必须注意的问题（1）关系词作主语时，从句中谓语的数。（2）注意区别定语从句与强调句。①定语从句中关系词作从句成分，复合句。②强调it无意义，that/who不是引导词。③强调itis/was和that/who后如句子意思讲得通则是强调句，讲不通则不是。Itisthemuseumthat/whichwevisitedlastyear.(定语从句)Itwasinthehotelthatwestayedlastnight.（强调句）（3）定语从句与同位语从句的区别。①定语从句引导词被称为关系词，that充当主语、宾语、表语。有时可省略。②同位语从句引导词被叫做连词，that不能充当任何成分，不可省。Wordcamethattheirarmywasdefeated.(同位语)Weexpressedtothemourwishthatwasthesameastheir.(定语)（4）关系词在从句中省略的情况。①关系词作宾语，前无介词时。②关系词作表语。（5）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的翻译。（6）关系词前有介词或复杂介词，关系词只能是which和whom。（7）几个特殊的定语从句句型：①Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohasgotverygoodmarksinthematch.（句中one为先行词）Heisoneofthestudentswhohavegotgoodmarksinthematch.（句中students为先行词）②Isthisplacetheone(that)wevisitedyesterday?Isthistheplace(that/which)wevisitedyesterday?③Hestoodatthewindow,fromwherehecouldseewhatwashappening.④Itmayrain,inwhichcasethematchwillbeputoff.三、精典名题导解（使用PPT投影功能、批注功能）1.Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome_____Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfarawayvillage.A.untilB.thatC.whenD.where解析：答案为C。本题考查分隔定语从句的关系词的选择。作好本题的关键是要能辨认出该定语从句的先行词thehours和关系词被介词短语tome所分隔。定语从句的先行词是表时间的名词hours,并且关系词在从句中用作状语，故应选择表示时间的关系副词when。2.______isknowntoeverybody,thenoontravelsaroundtheearthonceeverymonth.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What解析：答案为B。本题考查as引导的非限制定语从句。as作“正如……”解时，引导的非限制性定语从句来修饰整个句子。当as在从句中作主语时，常用于下列短语：asisknown、asissaid、asisreported、asisannounced等。要注意掌握作关系代词引导定语从句的用法。3.AfterlivinginPairsforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown_____hegrewupasachild.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when解析：答案为B。本题考查限制性定语从句中关系词的选择。定语从句的先行词是表示地点的名词短语thesmalltown,且关系词不作定语从句中的主语和宾语而作地点状语，因此定语从句必须用关系副词where引导。要注意分清先行词在从句中充当的成分，然后选择适当的关系词。StepII.Practice定语从句基础训练题（使用试题推送功能、书写功能）一．用恰当的关系代词或关系副词填空1.Iwillalwaysrememberthehours_________welivedtogether.Iwillalwaysrememberthehours_________wespenttogether2.Canyoustillthinkofthevillage_________heonceworked?Canyoustillthinkofthevillage_________heoncevisited?3._______isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearth._______isknowntoeverybodythatthemoontravelsroundtheearth.4.Ihaveborrowedmanybooks,manyof_______areaboutmusic.Ihaveborrowedmanybooks,andmanyof_______areaboutmusic5.Thereare50studentsintheirclass,mostof________arefromTonglu.Thereare50studentsintheirclass,andmostof________arefromTonglu二．用适当的介词填空1.Thesungivesusheatandlight,________whichwecan’tlive.2.Thestudent________whomweweretalkingjustnowisthebeststudentinourclass.3.I’llneverforgettheday_____whichshesaidgood-byetome.4.Whocangivemethereason______whichhehasn’tturnedupyet?5.Mandelawastheblacklawyer______whomIwentforadvice.6.Hewasgenerouswithhistime,_______whichIwasgrateful.7.Thepartsoftown________whichtheyhadtoliveweredecidedbywhitepeople.8.Itwasaprison________whichnooneescaped.9.Heisamanofgreatexperience,_________whommuchcanbelearned.10.Chapin,_______whommoneywasnownoproblem,startanewfilmcompanywithhisfriends.三．单项选择1.Theprettylady_________youtoldmetheotherdayturnedouttobeathief.A.whoB.whomC.aboutwhomD.withwhom2.Isthisthefactory______yourfatherusedtoworkmanyyearsago?A.theplaceB.whichC.inwhichD.theoneinwhich3.Doyouknowwholivesinthebuilding______thereisabigappletree？A.infrontofitB.infrontofwhoseC.infrontofwhereD.infrontofwhich4.Theperson____myfatherspokejustnowismyEnglishteacher.A.whoB.towhomC.towhoD.whom5.Thereason______shedidn’tcometoTom’sbirthdayisthathermotherwon’tlether.A.thatB.whichC.forwhichD.forwhat定语从句强化训练题（使用试题推送功能，同时使用挑人功能，抽取学生完成相关练习）1.Someoftheroadswereflooded,_____madeourjourneymoredifficult.A.whichB.itC.whatD.that2.Finallytheyarrivedataplace_______soldcigarettesandothersmallarticles.A.whereB.whichC.inwhichD.what3.Hewaseducatedatalocalgrammarschool,______hewentontoCambridge.A.fromwhich B.afterthat C.afterwhich D.fromthis4.Somepre-schoolchildrengotoadaycarecenter,____theylearnsimplegamesandsongs.A.thenB.thereC.whileD.where5.—Mom,whatdidthedoctorsay?—Headvisedmetolive______theairisfresher.A.inwhere B.inwhich C.theplacewhere D.Where定语从句高考题（使用试题推送功能，同时使用统计功能，查看学生完成情况）1.Bynineo’clock,alltheOlympictorchbearershadreachedthetopofMountQomolangma,____appeared