Unit4SpaceExploration单元测冲刺带解析

人教版新教材高一必修三4单元测试卷（满分100，时间60分钟）第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分15分）AAbanontouristssittingonRome’sfamousSpanishStepshasdividedthecapital.Undernewrules,policehavestartedtellingtouriststheycannolongersitonthe135steps,whichsweepfromtheimposingchurchofTrinitade’MontidowntoPiazzadiSpagnaintheheartofthecity.Policebeganpatrollingthe18th-centurymarblestepsonTuesday,blowingwhistlesatthosesittingdown.Themonument,aUnescoworldheritagesite,haslongbeentheidealrestingspotfortiredvisitorsandholdsaspecialallureatsunset.Visitorswhodefythebancanbefined€250,whichincreasesto€400iftheyhavedirtiedordamagedthestonestaircase,whichwasmadefamousbythe1953romanticcomedyRomanHoliday,starringGregoryPeckandAudreyHepburn.ThenewrulesareanattempttostoptouristseatinganddrinkingontheSteps.Butthebanhasbeencondemnedastoostringent.VittorioSgarbi,ahigh-profileartcriticandculturalheritageexpert,said:“Theruleisexcessive,almostFascist.Banningtouristsfromsittingdownisreallyexcessive.”Butitwaswelcomedbybusinessownersinthearea.“Thisisasmallreturntocivility,”saidGianniBattistoni,thepresidentofanassociationofbusinesses.VivianaDiCapua,theheadofanassociationofresidentsofthehistoriccentreofRome,said:“Romeneedstoberespectedandpeopleneedtounderstandthatnoteverythingisallowed.”DavideSermoneta,theheadofanassociationofbusinessownersinthearea,saidmanytouristswerebadlybehaved.“Theydon’tunderstandthattheyareinacityofhistoryandbeauty.”ThisfinecomesontheheelsofotherrecentItalianpreservationefforts:swimmingbannedinTrevifountain;Florence'seating-in-the-streetsban;andsoon.Whilesomerecentmovesseemtobeadirectattempttocurbovertourism,thisparticularfineisaimedatpreservationactually.Parkbenches,sidewalkcafesandterraceswelcometiredtravelers,encouraginggueststositandstayawhile.

1.Whatdoesthebaninclude?A.Touristscan’tsitonRome’sfamousSpanishSteps.B.Touristscan’tsitonthoseparkbenchesofRome.C.Touristscan’tsitinthosesidewalkcafesofRome.D.Touristscan’twatchthebeautifulsunsetofRome.2.WhatmadeSpanishStepsfamous?A.Thebeautifulsunsetofthesquare. B.ThecomedyRomanHoliday.C.Thedeliciouswineandcoffee. D.ThefamousTrevifountain.3.Whoisagainsttheban?A.DavideSermoneta B.VivianaDiCapuaC.GianniBattistoni D.VittorioSgarbiBIt’sarealcaseoffishoutofwater.Blennies(鲇鱼)intheSouthPacificOceanaregraduallyrelocatingtolandtoescapetheirpredators(捕食者),inanexampleofevolutioninaction.Fishfirstbegancrawlingontodrylandabout400millionyearsago,kickingoffanevolutionarychainofeventsthatledtohumans.Buttheirreasonsforexitingtheseahavebeenuncertain.Tolookforclues,TerryOrdattheUniversityofNewSouthWalesinAustraliahasbeenstudyingseveralspeciesofblenniesatRarotonga,thelargestoftheCookIslands.Atlowtide,blenniesarecommonlyfoundswimminginrockpoolsaroundtheedgesoftheisland.Butwhenhightidemovesin,theyclimbuptodrylandandmovearoundtherocksuntilthetideretreats.Theresearchersfoundthatthisismostlikelytoavoidpredatorsthatswiminwiththerisingtide–mainlybiggerfishlikelionfish.Totestwhatwouldhappenifblenniesdidnothaveanescapeplan,theymadeblennymodelsandsanktheminthesea.Themimicsendedupwithwounds,bitemarksandchunks-missing.Ofcourse,therearestilldangersforblenniesonland,liketheoccasionalbirdattack,butthepredationriskonlandisathirdthatofunderwater.What’smore,movingontolandhasadditionalbenefitsforblennies.Holesintherocksprovideshelterednestsforlayingeggs,andtheycanmaintaintheirdietofbacteria.Infact,severalspeciesofblennyfishatRarotongahavealreadymadethefulltransitiontoland-dwelling(陆生的)species.Theycontinuetobreathewiththeirgills,buthavedevelopedstrongertailfinsandjumpfromrocktorock.Ordbelievesthatmanyevolutionaryprocesseshavebeendrivenbytheneedtoescapepredators.“Itisoftenassumedthatanimalsmovehomestofindnewsourcesoffood,butinmanycases,escapingpredatorsisastrongermotivation.”hesays.4.Whydoblenniesclimbtodrylandwhenhightidecomes?A.Toacquirebetterhealth. B.Tosearchformorefood.C.Toseeksaferlivingconditions. D.Toadapttoanewenvironment.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“Themimics”inParagraph6referto?A.Therocksinthewater. B.Thepredatorsofblennies.C.Theresearchersofblennies. D.Themodelsofblennies.6.Whatcanbeconcludedfromthelastparagraph?A.Ord’sresearchopensanewview.B.Ordwonderswhyanimalsmovehomes.C.Ordshowsusthebenefitsofblennies’evolution.D.Ordhasdiscoveredhowfishhavebecomelanddwellers.第二节（15分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。FivestepstomakeadifferencetotheoceansTheoceansarebeingseriouslypollutednow.Plasticsareharmingthemarine(海产的)life.Carbonpollutioniswarmingtheoceansandincreasingtheiracidity(酸度).Watersarebeingoverfished.1Herearesomestepswecantaketohelpmakeadifference.1.Bringourownbags.2Trycarryingareusablebagatalltimes,includingwhiletraveling,andbringingourownthingstoworktoavoidrelyingonplasticitems.2.Talkaboutitnow.Weshouldcarrythatconversationintopublicplaces.Talktoourfriendsandfamilyaboutwhytheoceanisimportantandwhywetakestepstohelpit,andchallengethemtodothesame.3.3Agoodwaytomakeadifferenceistoorganizeagarbagecleanupnow.Whetherit’saninlandcleanuporonenearthecoast,planoneinourcommunity.4.Throwawayourcars.4Whenwehangout,weshouldreduceourcarbonfootprint,whichmayhelpslowglobalwarmingandoceanacidificationaswellasconserveenergy5.Recycle,obviously.Expertssayrecyclingisanobviousactiontotake.Checkonwhatcanberecycledinourcommunity,andmakesureyou’reseparatingoutyourplastic.Insummary,thinkaboutitmoreandactonitmore.Themoresomeonethinksaboutplasticsandplasticspollution,theenvironmentandtheconsequencesofouractions,themorelikelytheyaretoactonit.5A.Planacleanup.B.Choosepublictransportationoverdrivingourcars.C.Drivingcarsisnotagoodwaytoprotecttheoceans.D.However,expertssaythere’sstillhopetomakeadifference.E.However,marinelifeplaysaveryimportantroleintheoceans.F.Ifeveryonecancontributetotheoceans,theoceanswillbewellpreserved.G.Wheneverweputsomething,weshouldbringourownbag,butnotaplasticone.第三部分语言知识运用（15分）WilliamLindesaywasborninWallaseyofEnglandin1956.HefellinlovewiththeGreatWallat11."Ifellin1withitimmediately,"hesaidinaninterviewwithChinaDaily."Ithoughtitwouldbeagreatjourney,agreat2ifonedayIcouldtravelalongit,fromendtoend."At30WilliamLindesaybeganhisjourneyin1987.He378dayscovering2,470kilometers.It'sanepic4fromthefarwestofChinatothepoint5thestructuremeetsthesea.OnoneexpeditionoutintheGobiDesert,theexploreralmost6fromdehydration(脱水).Lindesayiswinnerofthe1998FriendshipAwardand2008BeijingGreatWallFriendshipAward.Healso7theOrderoftheBritishEmpirefromtheQueenin2006forhis8toculturalexchangesbetweenChinaandBritain.Duringhis9,henoticedsomesectionsofthewallwerebadly10andcoveredwithlitter.Modernizationanddevelopmentwere

makingthesituationeven11.Somepeoplesayitwilltake12tochange;Isaywedon'thavegenerationsoftime.It'sgottobemuchquicker."hesaid.Lindesayalwayscarriesagarbagebagwithhiminthewilderness,13litteralongtheway.Thecloth14bearsasetofninesimpleguidelinesinChinese,which15peopletoobservewhile16orcampingoutdoors:"Takeyourowngarbagehome,""Pickuplitter17byothers,""Don'tdamageplantsorflowers,orpickfruit"andlotsmore."Everypersoncanmakea18.IfwecangetabillionChinesepeopletobe19,Chinawillbeagreen,beautifuland20countrytolivein,"hesaid.1.A.love B.emotion C.faith D.belief2.A.campaign B.adventure C.procedure D.trial3.A.took B.cost C.spent D.paid4.A.way B.approach C.method D.journey5.A.where B.when C.which D.when6.A.stop B.help C.warn D.died7.A.raised B.handled C.received D.reported 8.A.attention B.contribution C.connection D.organization9.A.exploration B.invention C.addition D.consideration10.A.hid B.damaged C.exchanged D.distributed.worse B.better C.faster D.hotter12.A.functions B.vacations C.generations D.questions13.A.picking B.parking C.filling D.testing14.A.hat B.bag C.coat D.vest15.A.goon B.turnon C.dependon D.callson16.A.meeting B.working C.traveling D.practicing17.A.left B.read C.saved D.moved.importance B.difference C.confidence D.absence19.A.artists B.biologists C.chemists D.environmentalists20.A.healthy B.wealthy C.normal D.tough第二节（满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。TinypiecesofplastichavebeenfoundinicecoresdrilledintheArcticbyaUS-ledteamofscientists.Thegrowingformofpollutionposestomarinelifeineventheremotestwatersontheplanet.Theresearchersthinkmicroplasticsarebeingblownaboutbywindsandthen—throughmechanismswhicharenot1(full)understood—transportedlongdistancesthroughtheatmosphere.Theparticlesarethen"washed"out2theatmospherethroughrainorsnow.Microplasticsarenotaspecifickindofplastic,butratheranytypeofplasticfragment3islessthan5mmin4(long).Theyenternaturalecosystemsfroma5(various)ofsources,includingcosmetics,clothing,and6(industry)processes.7(global),weareingestinganaverageof5gramsofplasticeveryweek,theequivalentofacreditcard.Itfoundthattheaveragepersonconsumes8manyas1,769particlesofplasticeveryweekjustby9(drink)water—bottledorfromthetap.Plasticisnotaparticularlyharmfulmaterial,howeverthereisthepotentialthatitdoessignificantharm.Furtherresearchisneededintotheimpactoflong-termplasticexposure.Butifmicroplasticsareshowntodamagehumanhealth,itwillbeverydifficult10(remove)themfromtheenvironment.Thediscoveryisespeciallydisturbingbecause,accordingtothestudy,"theArcticisstillwidelyconceivedasoneofthelastpristineenvironmentsontheglobe."第二节书面表达（满分35分）假设你是王明，请你写一篇文章，描述你最喜欢的动物，向学校校报投稿。注意：1.词数100左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯人教版新教材高一必修三4单元测试卷答案及解析第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分15分）A1.A细节理解。根据文章第二段内容Undernewrules,policehavestartedtellingtouriststheycannolongersitonthe135steps…根据新规定，警方已开始告知游客，他们不能再坐在135级的西班牙台阶上了。可知答案为A。2.B细节理解题。根据文章第四段whichwasmadefamousbythe1953romanticcomedyRomanHoliday,starringGregoryPeckandAudreyHepburn.1953年，格里高利·派克和奥黛丽·赫本主演的浪漫喜剧《罗马假日》使石阶闻名于世。可知答案为B。3.D细节理解题。根据文章第六段Butthebanhasbeencondemnedastoostringent.VittorioSgarbi,ahigh-profileartcriticandculturalheritageexpert,said:“Theruleisexcessive,almostFascist.Banningtouristsfromsittingdownisreallyexcessive.”但是一些人谴责这项禁令过于严厉。知名艺术评论家和文化遗产专家维托里奥·斯加比说：“这一禁令太过分了，几乎是法西斯主义。…..但是禁止游客坐在那里实在是太过分了。”可知选D。B4.C细节理解题。由第五段“Theresearchersfoundthatthisismostlikelytoavoidpredatorsthatswiminwiththerisingtide–mainlybiggerfishlikelionfish.”可知，研究人员发现，这很可能是为了躲避那些随着潮水而来的捕食者——主要是像狮子鱼这样的大鱼。所以为什么鲇鱼在涨潮时爬到陆地上的原因是因为他们寻求更安全的生活条件。故C选项正确。5.D推理判断题。由第六段“Totestwhatwouldhappenifblenniesdidnothaveanescapeplan,theymadeblennymodelsandsanktheminthesea.Themimicsendedupwithwounds,bitemarksandchunks-missing.”可知，为了测试如果鲇鱼模型没有逃生计划会发生什么，他们制作了鲇鱼模型，并把它们沉到海里。这些鲇鱼模型最后留下了伤口、咬痕和大块肉不见了。所以判断出第6段划线部分“Themimics”指的是鲇鱼的模型。故D选项正确。6.A推理判断题。由最后段“Itisoftenassumedthatanimalsmovehomestofindnewsourcesoffood,butinmanycases,escapingpredatorsisastrongermotivation.”可知，人们通常认为动物搬家是为了寻找新的食物来源，但在很多情况下，逃离捕食者是更大的动机。所以奥德的观点与人们认为动物搬家是为了寻找新的食物来源不同，他认为逃离捕食者是它们搬家的更大的动机。这样的理论为人们认识动物搬家研究开辟了一个新的视角。所以从最后一段可以得出结论是奥德的研究开辟了一个新的视野。故A选项正确。第二节（15分）1.D由“Theoceansarebeingseriouslypollutednow.Plasticsareharmingthemarine(海产的)life.Carbonpollutioniswarmingtheoceansandincreasingtheiracidity(酸度).Watersarebeingoverfished.1Herearesomestepswecantaketohelpmakeadifference.”可知，现在海洋受到严重污染。塑料正在伤害海洋生物的生命。碳污染使海洋变暖，增加了它们的酸度。水域被过度捕捞。以下是我们可以采取的一些步骤来帮助做出改变。所以小题1要起到与前面的句子转折的作用，才能够引起下文“以下是我们可以采取的一些步骤来帮助做出改变”。故D选项“然而，专家表示，仍有希望做出改变”符合句意，故D选项正确。2.G由小标题“Bringourownbags.”可知，带上自己的袋子。所以小题2要说明当我们放东西的时候，我们应该自己带包，而不是塑料制成的袋子，在结合空处后面的句子一同来说明。避免塑料袋子能够有效帮助改变海洋环境。故G选项“当我们放东西的时候，我们应该自己带包，而不是塑料袋”符合句意。故G选项正确。3.A由“Agoodwaytomakeadifferenceistoorganizeagarbagecleanupnow.Whetherit’saninlandcleanuporonenearthecoast,planoneinourcommunity.”可知，改变现状的一个好方法是现在就组织一次垃圾清理。无论是内陆清理还是海岸附近的清理，在我们的社区里计划一次垃圾清理活动。所以本段主要是围绕着“计划清理垃圾”而展开的也就是本段小标题小题3的内容。故A选项“计划清理垃圾”符合句意。故A选项正确。4.B由小标题“Throwawayourcars.”可知，不开车。所以小题4要表明用什么样的方式来取代开车，从此达到节能减排的目的。故B选项“选择公共交通而不是开车”符合句意。故B选项正确。5.F由“Themoresomeonethinksaboutplasticsandplasticspollution,theenvironmentandtheconsequencesofouractions,themorelikelytheyaretoactonit.”可知，人们越想塑料和塑料污染，环境和我们行为的后果，他们就越可能采取行动。所以小题5与前一句都是对短文总结的内容。故F选项“如果每个人都能为海洋做出贡献，那么海洋将会得到很好的保护”。故F选项正确。第三部分语言知识运用（15分）1.A考察动词短语fallinlovewith…“爱上”。A.love爱；B.emotion情感；C.faith信任；D.belief相信。本句意为：“我立刻就爱上了它，”他在接受《中国日报》采访时表示，“我想，如果有一天我能从头到尾沿着它走一趟，那将是一次伟大的旅行，一次伟大的冒险。”故选A。2.B考查名词辨析。adventure3.C考查动词辨析。A.took携带；B.cost花费，主语为物或事；C.spent(人)花费…D.paid付款。本句意为“他用78天“丈量”了2470公里的长城。”故选C。4.D考查名词辨析。A.way方法，道路；B.approach方法，接近；C.method方法；D.journey旅程。本句意为：这是一段史诗般的旅程，始于遥远的中国西部，终于长城与大海交汇的地方。故选D。5.A考查副词辨析。本句考查定语从句的引导词。此处表示地点，故选A。6.D考查动词辨析。停止；帮助；警告；D.died死。本句意为：在戈壁沙漠的一次探险中，这位探险家险些死于脱水。故选D。考查动词辨析。A.raised举起，抬高；B.handled应付，处理；C.received收到；C.reported报道。本句意为：2006年，他还因对中英文化交流的贡献，被英女王授予大英帝国勋章。故选C。8.B考查名词辨析。A.attention注意；B.contribution贡献；C.connection连接，练习；D.organization组织。本句意为：2006年，他还因对中英文化交流的贡献，被英女王授予大英帝国勋章。故选B。9.A考查名词辨析。A.exploration探索；B.invention发明；C.addition另外；D.consideration考虑。本句意为：在长城上行走的30多年里，威廉·林赛发现长城受到日益严重的自然风化及人为破坏。故选A。10.B考查动词辨析。A.hid隐藏；B.

damaged破环；C.exchanged交换；D.distributed分配。本句意为：在他的探险过程中，他注意到长城的部分城段严重受损，被垃圾覆盖。现代化和经济发展使情况更加恶化。故选B。11.A考查形容词辨析。A.worse更坏的；B.better更好的；C.faster更快的；D.hotter更热的。本句意为：在他的探险过程中，他注意到长城的部分城段严重受损，被垃圾覆盖。现代化和经济发展使情况更加恶化。故选A。12.C考查名词辨析。A.functions作用；B.vacations假期；C.generations一代人；D.questions问题。本句意为：林赛说，“有些人说这需要几代人来改变；而我认为，我们没有几代人的时间，我们必须赶快行动。”故选C。13.A考查动词辨析。A.picking捡，拾；B.parking停车；C.filling装满；D.testing测试。本句意