2023年西南大学免师教育公共英语平时作业英语阅读作业及答案EveryonehasheardoftheSanAndreasfault

Passage1EveryonehasheardoftheSanAndreasfau1t（断层），whichconstantlythreatensCa1ifomiaandtheWestCoastwithearthquakes.ButhowmanypeopleknowabouttheequallyseriousNewMadridfaulttweenDecemberof1811andequallyseriousNewMadridfaulttweenDecemberof1811andrearthquakesoccurred,a11ewMadrid,Missouri,onthedamagewassevere.Buildingsestroyed.Wholeforestsracksopenedintheground,atofilterupwardaequallyseriousNewMadridfaulttweenDecemberof1811andrearthquakesoccurred,a11ewMadrid,Missouri,onthedamagewassevere.Buildingsestroyed.Wholeforestsracksopenedintheground,atofilterupwardequallyseriousNewMadridfaulttweenDecemberof1811andrearthquakesoccurred,a11ewMadrid,Missouri,onthedamagewassevere.Buildingsestroyed.Wholeforestsracksopenedintheground,atofilterupwardainMissouri?aaBeFebruaryof1812,threemajocenteredaroundthetownofNMississippiRiver.Propertyintheareawerea1mostdfellatonce,andhugec1lowingsme11ofsulfur（硫磺）aracter,developingsuddenrapidsandwhir1poo1s.SeveraItimesitchangeditscourse,andonce,accordingtosomeobservers,itactual1yappearedtorunbackwards.FewpeoplewerekiliedintheNewMarielearthquakes,probablysimp1ybecausefewpeople1ivedintheareain1811;buttheseverityoftheearthquakesareshownbythefactTOC\o"1-5"\h\zthattheshockwavesrangbellsinchurchtowersinChar1eston,SouthCaro1ina,onthecoast.BuildingsshookinNewYorkCity,andc1ockswerstoppedinWashington,D.C.ScientistsnowknowthatAmericazstwomajorfaultsareessentia1ly<1ifferent.TheSanAndreasisahorizonta1boundarybetweentwomajorlandmassesthatareThesimplestwayoflisteningtomusicisto1istenforthesheerpleasureofthemusicalsounditse1f.Thatisthesensuousplane.Itisthep1aneonwhichwehearmusicwithoutthinking,withoutconsideringitinanyway.Oneturnsontheradiowhi1edoingsomethingelseandabsent-mindedIybathesinthesound.Akindofbrainlessbutattractivestatcofmindisengenderedbythemeresoundappea1ofthemusic.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zYes,thesoundappealofmusicisapotcntandprimitiveforce.Thisappealtoeverynormalhumanbeingisseif—evident.Thesensuousplaneisanimportantoneinmusic,averyimportantone,butitdoesnotconstitutethewho1estory.Thereis,however,suehathingasbecomingmoresensitivetothedifferentkindsofsoundstuffasusedbyvariouscomposers.Fora11composersdonotusethatsoundstuffinthesameway.Don'tgettheideathattheva1ueofmusiciscommensuratewithitssensuousappea1orthatthe1ove1iestsoundingmusicismadebythegreatestcomposer.Ifthatwereso,RavelwouldbeagreatercreatorthanBeethoven.Thepointisthatthesoundelementvarieswitheachcomposer,thathisusageofsoundformsanintegralpartofhisstyleandmustbetakenintoaccountwhen1istening.Thelistenercansee,therefore,thatamoreconsciousapproachisva1uab1eevenonthisprimaryplaneofmusic1istening.Ihaveca11edtheexpressiveone.Myownbe1iefisThesecondp1Ihaveca11edtheexpressiveone.Myownbe1iefisThesecondp1Thesecondp1aneonwhichmusicexistsiswhThesecondp1TOC\o"1-5"\h\zthata11musichasanexpressivepower,somemoreandsome1ess,butthata1Imusichasacertainmeaningbehindthenotesandthatthemeaningbehindthenotesconstitutes,afterall,whatthepieceissaying,whatthepieceisabout.Thiswholeprob1emcanbestatedquitesimplybyasking,“Isthereameaningtomusic?”Myanswertothatwouldbe,"Yes."And"Canyoustateinsomanywordswha11hemeaningis?”Myanswertothatwou1dbe,"NoThereinliesthedifficuIty.Simple-mindedsouIswillneverbesatisfiedwiththeanswertothesecondofthesequestions.Theyalwayswantmusictohaveameaning,andthemoreconcreteitisthebetterthey1ikeit.Themorethemusicremindsthemofatrain,astorm,afuneral,oranyotherfamiliarconeeptionthemoreexpressiveitappearstobetothem.Thispopu1arideaofmusic'smeaning,stimulatedandabettedbytheusua1runofmusica1commentator,shouldbediscouragedwhereverandwheneveritismet.Musicexpresses,atdifferentmoments,serenityorexuberance,regretortriumph,furyordelight.1Iexpresseseachofthesemoods,andmanyothers,inanumberlessvarietyofsubt1eshadingsanddifferences.Itmayevenexpressastateofmeaningforwhichthereexistsnoadequatewordinanylanguage.Inthatcase,musiciansoften1iketosaythatithasonlyapure1ymusicalmeaning.Whi1elistening,eachlistenerfee1sforhimse1fthespecificexpressivequalityofathemeor,similar1y,anentirepieceofmusic.Andifitisagreatworkofart,don,texpectittomeanexactlythesamethingtoyoueachtimeyoureturntoit.Themesorpiecesneednotexpressonlyoneemotion,ofcourse.TakesuchathemeasthefirstmainoncoftheNinthSymphony,forexample.Itisc1earlymadeupofdifferentelements.Itdoesnotsayonlyonething.Now,perhaps,thereaderwillknowbetterwhatImeanwhenIsaythatmusicdoeshaveanexpressivemeaningbutthatwecannotsayinsomanywordswhatthatmeaningis.Thethirdplaneonwhichmusicexistsisthesheer1ymusica1p1ane.Besidesthepleasurablesoundofmusicandtheexpressivefeelingthatitgivesoff,musicdoesexistintermsofthenotesthemselvesandoftheirmanipu1ation.Most1istenersarenotsufficientlyconsciousofthisthirdp1ane.Itisveryimportantfora11ofustobeeomemorealivetomusiconitssheerlymusicalplane.Afterall,anactua1musica1materialisbeingused.Theinte1ligentlistenermustbepreparedtoincreasehisawarenessofthemusica1materia1andwhathappenstoit.Hemusthearthe

melodies,therhythms,theharmonies,thetoneco1orsinamoreconsciousfashion.Butaboveallhemust,inordertothought,knowsometthought,knowsometthought,knowsometfollowthelineofthecomposer'shingofthepthought,knowsomethingofthephingoftheprinciplesofmusicalform.Listeningtohingoftheprinciplesofmusicalform.Listeningtohesheerlymusica1pa11oftheseelementsislisteningonhesheerlymusica1pthreehypothctical,separateIhavesplitupmcchanica11ythep1anesonwhichwe1istenmerelyforthesakeofgreaterc1aritTOC\o"1-5"\h\zy.Actually,weneverlistenononeortheotherofthetthreehypothctical,separatehreeplanes.Whatwedoistocorre1atethem——listeningina11threewaysatthesametime.Ittakesnomentaleffort,forwedoitinstinctively.Inasense,theideaI1istenerisbothinsideandoutsidethemusicatthesamemoment,judgingitandenjoyingit,wishingitwouldgoonewayandwatchingitgoanother---aImost1汰ethecomposeratthemomenthecomposesit；becauseinordertowritehismusic,thecomposermusta1sobeinsideandoutsidehismusic,carriedawaybyitandyetcold1ycritica1ofit.Asubjectiveattitudeisimpliedinbothcreatingandlisteningtomusic.Whatthe1istenershou1dstrivefor,thenisamoreactivekindoflislening.Whetheryou1istenIoMozartorDukeE11ington,youcandeepenyourunderstandingofmusiconlybybeingamoreconsciousandaware1istenernotsomeonewhoisjust1istening,butsomeonewhoislisteningfbrsomething.16.WhichofthefoIiowingstatementsmaybeadvocatedbytheauthorofthispassage?A.Thevalueofmusiciscommensuratewithitssensuousappcal.B.Sincetherearethreeseparateplanes,everytimewe1istentomusicittakesusgrcatmentaleffort.Musicmayevenexpressastateofmeaningforwhichthereexistsnoadequatewordinanylanguagetopinitdown.Rave1isagreatercreatorthanBeethoven.WhatdoestheexampleofNinthSymphonyindicate?TOC\o"1-5"\h\zWe1istenononeortheotherofthethreeplanes.Weall1istentomusicaccordingtoourseparatecapacities.Themesnecdnotexpressonlyoneemotion.Thesoundappealofmusicisapotentandprimitiveforce.Onwhichplanedowehearmusicwithoutthinking,withoutconsideringitinanyway?Thesheer1ymusicalplane.Theemotiona1plane.C.Theexpressivemusica1plane.D.Thesensuousplane.Whatdoesthesheer1ymusica1planereferto?A.Itreferstoakindofbrainlessbutattractivestat

eofmindisengenderedbythemeresoundappealofthemusic.B.Itreferstotheactua1musica1materialbeingused,theme1odies,therhythms,theharmonies,thetonecolors,theprinciplesofmusicalform.C.Itreferstothespecificexpressivequalityofathemeor,similarly,anentirepieceofmusic.D.AHoftheabove.20.Whyisitimportanttobeamoreactive1istener?Becauseweneverlistenononeortheotherofthethreeplanes.Becauseyoucandeepenyourunderstandingofmusic.C.Becausethesoundappea1ofmusicisapotentandprimitiveforee.D.Becausea11composersdonotusethatsoundstuffinthesameway.Passage1CACDCPassage2CBCACPassage1CACDCPassage3ACDDAPassage4CBDBAslowlymovinginoppositedirections.Ca1iforniaearthquakesresultwhenthemovementofthesetwomassessuddenlyIurches（倾斜）forward.aTheNewMadridfault,ontheotherhand,isaverticalfault;atsomepoints,possib1yhundredsofmillionsofyearsago,rockwaspusheduptowardthesurface,probablybyvolcanoesunderthesurface.Suddenly,thevo1canoescooledandtherockco11apsed,leavinghugecracks.Evennow,therockcontinuestosett1edownwards,andsuddcnsinkingmotionstrigger（触发）earthquakesintheregion.Thefau1titself»alargecrackinthislayerofrock,withdozensofothercracksthatsplitofffromit,extendsfromnortheastArkansasthroughMissouriandintosouthern111inoisaScientistswhohavestudiedtheNewMadridfaultsaytherehavebeennumeroussma11erquakesintheareasinceI811;thesesmailerquakesindicatethatlargeronesareprobablycoming,butthescientistssayhavenomethodofpredictingwhenalargeearthquakewi11occura1a.Thispassageismain1yaboutA.theNewMadridfaultinMissouriB.thecausesoffaultsC.theSanAndreasandtheNewMadridfau1tsD.currentscientificknow1edgeaboutfau1ta2.TheNewMadridfau1tisaverticalfauItahorizonta1faultC.amoreseriousfaultlhantheSanAndreasfauitD.responsibleforformingtheMississippiRivera3.Wemayconc1udefromthepassagethat>A.Californiawi11becomeanislandinfuturetheNewMadridfaultwi11eventuallydevelopamountainrangeinMissouriitisprobablyasdangerousto1iveinMissouriasinCaliforniaD.Abigearthquakewi11occurtoCaliforniasoona4.Thispassageimp1iesthat.A.horizonta1fauItsaremoredangerousthanvertica1faults.B,Verticalfaullsaremoredangerousthanhorizonta1fau1tsC.Californiawi11breakintopiecesbyaneventua1earthquakeD.EarthquakesoccuronlyaroundfaultareasAsusedinthefirstsentenceofthefourthparagraph,thewordessential1ymeansAA.greatlyB.basical1yC.extremelyD.necessari1yPassage2InI960—1961,Chad（乍得）harvested9800tonsofcottonseedforthefirsttimeinitshistory,andputouttheflagalittletoosoon.Theeffortsoftheauthoritiestogetthepeasantsbacktowork,astheyhads1ackedoff（松懈）agreatdealthepreviousyearduringindependencece1ebrations,large1ycontributedtoit.A1so,rainswereTOC\o"1-5"\h\zwellspaced,andcontinucdthroughthewho1emonthofOctober.Ifthe1961-1962totalisbacktotheregionof45000tons,itismost1ybccauseeffortssiackcncdagainandsowingwasstartedtoolate.TheaveragedateofsowingisaboutJuly1st.Ifthisdaleissimplymovedupfifteenortwentydays,30000to6000（）tonsofcottonaregained,dependingontheyear.ThepeasantinChadsowshismillet（小米）first,anditishardtocriticizethisinstinctiveprioritygiventohisdailybread.Anessentia1reasonforhislatenesswithsowingcottonisthatatthetimewhenheshou1d1eavetopreparethefieldshehasjustbarelyso1dthecottonofthepreviousseason.Theworkrequiredtosow,ingreatheat,ispsycho1ogicallyfarmoredifficultifone*spocketsarefu11ofmoney.Thedateofcottonsalesshouldthereforebemovedforwardasmuchaspossible,andpurchasesofequipmentanddraughtanimaIsencouraged.aPeasantsshou1dalsobeencouragedtosavemoney,tohelpthemthroughthedifficu1tperiodbetweenharvests.Ifnecessarytheyshou1dbeforcedtodoso,byhavingthepaymentsforcottongiventothemininsta11ments(分期付款).Thelastpaymentwouldbemadeafterproofthatthepeasanthasp1antedbeforethedeadline,thedatebeingadvaneedtotheendofJune.Thosewhohavedonesowouldreceiveextramoneywhereasthe1astplanterswou1dnotreceivetheirlastpaymentunti11atera0nlythefirststepsarehard,becauseoneeworkhasstartedthepeasantscontinuewiilinglyontheirway.Educationa1campaignsamongthepeasantswillplayanessentia1roleinthisbasicadvance,ear1ysowing,onwhichalltheothersdepend.Itisnotamatterofcontrollingthepeasants.Eachpeasantwi11remainmasterofhisfieIds.Onecou1d,however,suggesttheneedforthetimebeingofkindbutfirmrule,which,aslongasitcannotberealizedbythepeople,shou1dat1eastbeforthepeop1e.aa6.In1960-1961,ChadhadagoodharvestofcottonbecauseAA.thegovernmentgreatlyencouragedpeasantsB.rainsfavoredthegrowthofcottonC.BothA)andB)D.ChadgainedindependenceinthepreviousyearWe1earnfromthepassagethatthedateofsowingcottonisusuallyqA.onJune15thonJuly1stonJuly15th

onJuly2Otha8.Asusedinthethirdsentenceofthesecondparagraph,dai1ybreadreferstoAA.breakfastbreadandbutterC.mi1letD.riceInordertoheIpthemthroughthedifficu1ttimebetweenharveststhepeasantshaveto.aA.beencouragedtosavemoneyB.se11cottoninadvanceC.sowcottonintimeD.p1antmilletfirsta1().Whichofthefol1owingisNOTtrue?AA.Educationalcampaignsareveryimportanttoearlysowing.B.Peasantsshouldremainthemastersoftheirfields.C.Ofalltheadvancestha11hewriterhopesfor,ear1ysowingisthemostimportant.D.Governmentmightaswel1makegoodandfirmru1eforpeasants.Passage3Formostpeop1elearningrisesaheadasamajorbarrieFormostpeop1elearningrisesaheadasamajorbarrieFormostpeop1elearningrisesaheadasamajorbarrietodrive,thedrivingtestar.Itisa1soageneralsourceofconversationwheneverdriversFormostpeop1elearningrisesaheadasamajorbarrietodrive,thedrivingtestar.Itisa1soageneralsourceofconversationwheneverdriversconversationwheneverdriversaregatheredtogether.Thereconversationwheneverdriversaregatheredtogether.Thereareprobab1ymoreta11storiesaboutthedrivingtestthanaboutanyothermotoringsubjects；themostremarkab1ethingaboutthosestoriesisthenumberoftimestheo1donesappearagain,yearsaftertheywerefirstheard,innewandexaggeratedforms.A11drivingexaminershavehadtopassaverystrictselectionprocess,followedbyatleastsixweeks*training.InthecourseofthistrainingtheDepartmentmakessurethattheirdrivingisofaconsistent1yhighstandard.Drivingtestcentersarechosenwithequalcare.ItwouIdbenicetohavecentersandexaminerstownbytown.Butthisisjustnotpossib1e,becausethecentershavetobeatp1aceswherethereisenoughparkingspaceforcandidates（考生）andwherethereareenoughtestroutes.Routesarecareful1ychosentomakesurethattheyareallroughlycomparable-theproportionofrightand1eftturns,hi11s,pedestrian（彳亍人）crossingsandsoon.Theobjectofa11thisistomakesure,asfaraspossible,thata11candidatesinthedrivingtesthavetocopewiththesamesortofconditionswhethertheytakethetestinNewYorkorCalifornia.Theworkthatexaminersdoinactuallycarryingouttestsischeckedcontinuouslybysupervisingexaminers.Thisistomakeassureaspossiblethateverycandidateforthedrivingtesthasaproperandequa1chanceofshowingtheexaminer,inthewordsoftheRegu1ations,"thatheiscompetenttodrivewithoutdangertoandwithdueconsiderationforousersoftheroad."Thisisa11thattheexaminerisconcernedwith.11.ItcanbeleamedfromthepassagethatA.wheneverpeop1arningtodrivegettogether,theyoftentalkaboutdrivi