高考二轮复习英语非谓语动词讲解及习题

高考英语：非谓语动词讲解及习题非谓语动词是在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式。是动词的非谓语形式.动词一般在句子中充当谓语.在句中可起名词,形容词,副词的作用,在句中充当主语,宾语,表语,补语,定语或状语.即动词的非谓语形式除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的任何成分考点一动词不定式动词不定式作成分(重点考查)动词不定式是每年中考的必考点。考生必须清楚牢记并掌握不定式分别可以在句中所作的成分及功能。作主语：Tolearnmathwellisdifficultforus.作表语：Herjobistodothedishes.作宾语(包括疑问词加不定式)：TheydecidedtovisittheGreatLakes.Couldyoutellmehowtogettothetrainstation?作宾语补足语：Theteacheraskedustoturnoffthelights.Hardseatsmakecustomerswanttoeatquicklyandleave.作定语：Ihavealotofbookstoread.作状语：Tocatchthetrain,wehadtogetupearly.动词不定式的特殊句型(1)too...to...表示“太……而不能……”。如：Theboyistooyoungtolookafterhimself.那个男孩太小不能照顾自己。(2)...enoughto...表示“……足够……”。如：Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.他到了上学的年龄了。“疑问词加动词不定式”的用法动词不定式与疑问词连用可用作主语或宾语。如：WhentogotoBeijinghasn’tbeendecidedyet.什么时候去北京还没定下来。(作主语)Ihaven’tdecidedyetwhentoleave.我还没决定什么时候离开。(作宾语)【注意】“疑问词加不定式”作宾语时可以转化为宾语从句。如：Canyoutellmewheretogetthescarf?=CanyoutellmewhereIcangetthescarf?你能告诉我哪里能买到这条围巾吗?习惯搭配法学习非谓语动词时，要注意哪些动词后用动词不定式，哪些动词后用动名词，同时也要注意使用非谓语动词不同形式的句型，这样许多问题就会迎刃而解。考点二动名词只能接动名词的动词常见的可以跟动名词作宾语的动词有：enjoy,finish,mind,suggest,keep,giveup等。如：Hehasn’tfinishedreadingthenovel.他还没有看完那部小说。WemustpracticespeakingEnglish.我们必须练习说英语。既可接动词不定式又可跟动名词的动词在love,like,hate,prefer,begin,start,need,remember,forget,try，stop等动词后，既可以用动名词作宾语，也可以用不定式作宾语，但表达的意思不同。如：1.stopdoingsomething停止做某事stoptodosomething停下来去做某事2.trydoingsomething尝试做某事trytodosomething尽力去做某事3.forgetdoingsomething忘了做过某事forgettodosomething忘了要去做某事(未做)4.rememberdoingsomething记得做过某事remembertodosomething记得要去做某事(未做)5.needdoingsomething需要做某事(被动含义)needtodosomething需要去做某事(主动含义)【注意】喜欢(enjoy),不断(keep),提建议(suggest)，想要(feellike),介意(mind),完成(finish)，忍不住(can’thelp)，练习(practice)，这些动词或动词短语后接动词的-ing形式。考点三现在分词与过去分词现在分词与过去分词英语中的分词有两种：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词由动词原形加ing构成;过去分词由动词原形加ed构成;现在分词表示正在进行或主动意义，过去分词表示已经完成或被动意义;现在分词表示主动的意思，所修饰的人或物是分词动作的执行者，过去分词表示被动的意思，所修饰的人或物是分词动作的承受者。如：developingcountry发展中国家(正在发展的)developedcountry发达国家(已经发展了的)anexcitingfilm一部激动人心的电影(修饰物)excitedaudience激动的观众(修饰人)非谓语动词考题训练(附解析)1.ThefrsttebooksforteachingEngishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcenturyA.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written2.-Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionatthemeeting-Well,nowiregretthatA.todoB.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdone3.Weagreedherebutsofarshehasn'tturnedupyetA.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet4.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhimA.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotdo5.Pauldoesn'thavetobemadeHealwaysworkshardA.leamB.tolearnC.learnedD.hought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.Tolost7.Thepatientwaswarned_oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating8.TheOlympicGames.in776B.C,didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayedD.tobefirstplaying9.iwoudlovetothepartylastnightbutihadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone10.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,_itthemostpopularsportintheworldA.makingB.makesC.madeD.tomake11.Whenigotbackhomeisawamessagepinnedtothedoor__"Sorrytomissyou,wilcalllater.A.readB.readsC.toreadD.reading12.Thepurposeofnewfechnologiesistomakelifeeasier._itmoredificuitA.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake13.Robertissaid_abroad,butidon'tknowwhatcountryhestudiedinA.tohavestudledB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying14.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee__thenextyearA.carriedoutB.caryingoutC.carryoutD.tocarryout15.suchheavypollutionaready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriverA.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.Suffered16.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremainswhethertheywillenjoyitA.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen17.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce__nothingcanbedonetochangeitA.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begun18.itissaidthatinAustraiathereismorelandthanthegovemmontknows_A.itwhattodowithB.whattodoitwithC.whattodowithitD.todowhatwithit19.Acookwillbeimmediatelyfireditheisfound_inthekitchenA.smokeB.smokingC.tosmokeD.smoked20.Shelooksforwardeveryspringtotheflower-inedgardenA.visitB.payingavisitC.walkinD.walkingin答案解析:1.D，表示“被动、完成”用过去分词作定语。2.D。regretdoingsth表示对已经发生的事感到"后悔”:regrettosay/tell/inform/announce用以报告令人不快之事，表示对将要说的话感到"遗憾、抱歉"。主语通常是|/we，regret用一般现在时。3.C。agree只能接不定式，在谓语动之后发生，用一般式，选C。4.A。根据句型telsb(not)todosth，排除C和D:当不定式的动词是前面已出现过的相同的动词时，为避免重要。通常省略to后的内容，只保留to，所以只有A对。5.B。makesbdosth的被动式为sbbemadetodosth(某人被迫做某事)。6.C。考查过去分词作状语。Lostinthought=Ashewaslostinthought.belostinthought(沉思)是固定搭配:这类习惯表达还有becaughtintherain(遗雨淋)，bedressedinred(穿着红衣)，beseated(就座)等。7.c。本句是wernsb(not)todosth的械动式。8.C。因TheOlympicgames与play是被动关系，排除A和D;不定式的被动式，表示未来的动作，排除B。表示"被动、完成，用过去分词。9.B。wouldlove/like后面只能接不定式，排除C和D。表示过去未曾发现的原塑，后接不定式完成式，故选日。10.A。现在分词作结果状语。11.D。句中read意为“有某字样”，amessagepinnedtothedoor意为“钉在门上的一张纸条”，amessage与read是主动关系，因此用现在分词。12.B。考查非谓语动词的结构平衡性。nottomakeitmoredifficult是与tomakeiteasier形成对比的否定结构，两者在句中作表语。13.A。由studied可知，他曾到国外留过学，"