专题07动词的时态与语态教学案

专题07动词的时态与语态睛 微解读】动词的时态、语态和语气是高考中的重中之重，也是英语句子结构的核心。英语句子的灵动性很大程度上体现在动词的各种变化上，因此谓语动词的时态、语态、语气的运用三位一体，不可分割。在单项填空题型中，时态和语态是考查的热点，但是语气问题也不可忽视。在备考过程中应该对谓语动词变化的各种情况都能够了如指掌。可以预测，未来高考仍然会以考查时态为主，但考查形式会更多地结合语态和语气等形式，越来越侧重在语境中考查动词的时态、语态和语气，所以要求考生首先要掌握时态、语态和语气的基本用法，同时在所设置的语境中根据所给信息进行判断。也就是说，考生应学会通过上下文来确定所用时态、语态和语气。热点题型一 一般时态例1、Therealreasonwhyprices，andstillare，toohighiscomplex，andnoshortdiscussioncansatisfactorilyexplainthisproblem.A.wereB.willbeC.havebeenD.hadbeen【提分秘籍】.一般现在时(1)表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态。常与表示习惯的副词(词组)always,everytime,nowandthen,occasionally,often,seldom,sometimes,usually,everyday/night等连用。(2)按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作，用一般现在时。只限黄o,arrive,leave,start,stay,return,begin,come等动词。(3)用在时间、条件或让步状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。Aroundtwoo,clockeverynight,Suewillstarttalkinginherdream.Itsomewhatbothersus.每天晚上两点左右，苏就说梦话。这使我们有点烦心。Ifitdoesn,train,we,llgoonapicnicasplanned.如果不下雨，我们将按计划去野餐。Whateveryousay,Iwillnotchangemymind.无论你说什么，我都不会改变主意。Theflighttakesoffat2：30everyWednesdayandFriday.飞机每周三、周五2：30起飞。.一般过去时表示在过去某一时间点发生的动作或所处的状态，与现在没有关系或表示过去一段时间内反复发生的动作，常与everyday，often，sometimes等时间状语连用。—Haven,tseenyouforages!Wherehaveyoubeen?——好长时间没见你了！你去哪里了？一IwenttoNingxiaandstayedthereforoneyear，teachingasavolunteer.——我去了宁夏，在那里待了一年，作为一名志愿者教学。.一般将来时(1)“shall/will+动词原形”表示现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态。“will+动词原形”还可以表示说话时临时做出的决定。(2)“begoingto+动词原形”表示①现在打算或计划将来要做的事情；②表示根据某种迹象认为在最近或将来要发生的事情。(3)“beto+动词原形”表示①预先安排好的计划或约定；②表示说话人的意志、意图、指责、义务、命令等；③表示注定要发生的事情。(4)“beaboutto+动词原形”表示正要或即将要做某事，该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用。一Whattimeisit?——几点了？-Ihavenoidea.Butjustaminute,Iwillcheckitforyou.——我不知道。但是等一会儿，我给你查一下。—Mr.Liwasillinhospital.——李老师生病住院了。一Oh,Ididn,tknow.I,llgotoseehimtonight.——哦，我还不知道呢。我今晚去看他。IamtomeetMr.Brownateleveno,clockthismorning.我要在今天上午11点见布朗先生。Iwasabouttogooutwhenitbegantorain.我正要外出，这时开始下雨了。【举一反三】—Dr.Jacksonisnotinhisofficeatthemoment.—Allright.Ihimlater.A.willcallB.havecalledC.call D.willbecalling热点题型二 进行时态例2、HemusthavesensedthatIhim.Hesuddenlyglancedatmeandsaidquietly,“Whyareyoustaringatmelikethat?”A.wouldlookatB.lookedatC.waslookingatD.amlookingat【提分秘籍】.现在进行时(1)表示说话时正在进行或表示现阶段正在进行的动作，虽然此时此刻该动作不一定正在进行。(2)表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作，常限于go,come,leave,start,arrive,return,work,sleep,stay,have, wear等表示移动、方向的动词。(3)表示说话人现在对主语的行为表示赞叹或厌恶等(常与always,constantly,continually等副词连用)。.过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作，常同表示过去的时间状语从句以及atthattime,atthatmoment,atthistimeyesterday,atteno,clockyesterday等连用。Shewasphoningsomeone,soInoddedtoherandwentaway.她正在跟别人打电话，因此我朝她点了点头就走开了。.将来进行时表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作，或表示要从将来某一时刻开始，并继续下去的动作。Daniel,sfamilywillbeenjoyingtheirholidayinHuangshanthistimenextweek.丹尼尔一家人下星期这个时候将在黄山度假。【举一反三】Wehavebeentryingtotraintheyoungpeoplewhowerehiredlastmonthbuttheytheirbesttolearn.A.werenotdoingB.didn,tdoC.arenotdoingD.hadn,tdone热点题型三 完成时态例3.Inthelastfewyears,Chinagreatachievementsinenvironmentalprotection.A.hasmade B.hadmadeC.wasmaking D.ismaking【提分秘籍】.现在完成时(1)表示发生在过去而对现在仍有影响的动作，常用的时间状语：already,just,yet,never,before,lately,recently,inthelast(past)fewyears,uptonow,sofar等。(2)表示从过去某时开始而延续至今的动作或状态，常与for,since等表示一段时间的状语连用。(3)在条件、时间、让步状语从句中，表示将来某时间前已完成的动作。(4)This/Itisthefirst/second...time+that从句，that从句中谓语要用现在完成时。(5)It(This)isthebest(worst,mostinteresting等)+名词+定语从句，从句中的谓语用现在完成时。—Haveyouheardabouttherecentelection?——你听说过近期的选举吗？—Sure,ithasbeentheonlythingonthenewsforthelastthreedays.——当然了，它是近来三天新闻中唯一的事情了。ItisthemostinstructivelecturethatIhaveattendedsinceIcametothisschool.这是我自从到这个学校以来所参加过的最有教育意义的讲座。Thisisthefirsttimethatwehaveseenafilminthecinematogetherasafamily.这是第一次我们一家人去电影院看电影。IwillnotbelieveyouunlessIhaveseenitwithmyowneyes.除非我亲眼看到，否则我不会相信你的。2．过去完成时(1)表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，即过去的过去。(2)表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作，常用的时间状语：bythen,bythattime,bytheendof,bythetime+句子等。(3)表示“愿望、打算”的动词(如hope,want,expect,think,mean,suppose,plan,intend)用于过去完成时表示过去本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划。(4)在“hardly(scarcely)...when...”，“nosooner...than...”句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，意为“一……就……”。Sofialookedaroundatallthefaces:shehadtheimpressionthatshehadseenmostoftheguestsbefore.索菲娅环视了所有的面庞，她有印象一绝大多数的客人以前她都见过。Hewasunhappywhenhesoldhisguitar.Afterallhehadhaditforaverylongtime.他把自己的吉他卖掉时并不高兴。毕竟，他拥有这把吉他已经很长时间了。Ihadintendedtocallonyou，butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.我本来打算去看你，但是来了一位不速之客。BythetimeJackreturnedhomefromEngland,hissonhadgraduatedfromcollege.杰克从英国回到家时，他的儿子已经大学毕业了。Hardly/NosoonerhadIgothomewhen/thantherainpoureddown.我刚到家，大雨就倾盆而下了。3.将来完成时表示在将来某个时间之前完成的动作，并且往往对将来某一时间产生影响。常用时间状语为'by+将来某个时间”。BythetimeMr.Smitharrivesatthesupermarket,wewillhavestayedthereforonehour.等到史密斯先生到达超市时，我们将已经在那里待了一个小时了。【举一反三】JustasIgottotheschoolgate,IrealizedImybookinthecafe.A.haveleft B.hadleftC.wouldleave D.wasleaving热点题型四 高考涉及的其他时态例4、一WhereisPeter?Ican,tfindhimanywhere.—Hewenttothelibraryafterbreakfastandhisessaythereeversince.A．wrote B．hadwrittenC．hasbeenwriting D．iswriting【提分秘籍】.过去将来时表示从过去某时间看将要发生的事情，多用于宾语从句中。Hehopedthathewouldbegivenamoresuitablejobin2016.他希望在2016年能得到更合适的工作。.现在完成进行时(have/hasbeendoing)表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或产生的状态一直延续到现在，并有可能继续下去，常和for,since引导的时间状语连用。Sincethetimehumankindstartedgardening，wehavebeentryingtomakeourenvironmentmorebeautiful.自从人类开始园艺技术的时候起，我们就一直在努力让我们的环境变得更加美丽。Themanagerhasbeentellingtheworkershowtoimprovetheprogramsince9am.自从上午9点经理就一直在告诉工人如何改善这一方案。.过去完成进行时(hadbeendoing)表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或产生的状态一直延续到过去某一时刻，这一动作可能已经停止也可能还在进行。ShetoldmethatshehadbeenstudyingFrenchfor5years.她告诉我她已经学习法语5年了。(动作仍继续)Shetoldmethatshehadbeenwaitingformeforanhour.她告诉我她已经等我一个钟头了。(动作不再继续)【举一反三】—Theplaneisleavingrightnow,butJimhasn,tarrivedyet.—Well,hesaidhehereontime.A.cameB.wouldcomeC.canbe D.willbe热点题型五 被动语态例5、Despitethepreviousroundsoftalks,noagreementsofarbythetwosides.A.hasbeenreachedB.wasreachedC.willreachD.willhavereached【提分秘籍】.被动语态的构成为“be+过去分词”，只要变换be的形式就可以得到不同时态的被动语态，除be外被动语态的构成形式还有：get/become+过去分词。.只要及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语才有被动语态不及物动词或短语无被动语态。常考的不及物动词或短语：last,cost,spread,happen(to),takeplace,belongto,breakout,goout,runout,workout。.主动形式表示被动含义(1)表示感受、感官的系动词如feel,sound,taste,look等，后面跟形容词、名词构成系表结构，常常以主动形式表示被动意义。(2)当sell，read，draw，wash，write，open，wear，run， burn等不及物动词后带状语(well/easily等)修饰，用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时用主动形式表示被动含义。Whilewaitingfortheopportunitytogetpromoted,Henrydidhisbesttoperformhisduty.在等待机会被提拔期间，亨利尽力履行好自己的职责。—Sowhatistheprocedure?——那么程序是什么样？—Alltheapplicantsareinterviewedbeforeafinaldecisionismadebytheauthority.——所有的应征者都被面试后官方才作出最后的决定。Foodsuppliesintheflood-strickenareaarerunningout.Wemustactimmediatelybeforethere,snoneleft.洪水灾区的食品即将用完。我们必须在他们用完之前采取措施。Yourreasonsoundsreasonable你的理由听起来很合理。Hisbookssellwell，sotheywillbesoldsoon.他的书很畅销，因此很快就会卖光。【举一反三】一Didyouenjoytheparty?一Yes.Wewellbyourhosts.A.weretreatedB.wouldbetreatedC.treatedD.hadtreated.【2018・北京】1.—Hi,I'mPeter.Areyounewhere?Ihaven,tseenyouaround?—Hello,Peter.I’mBob.IjustonMonday.A.startB.havestartedC.startedD.hadstarted.【2018・北京】4.Susanhadquitherwell-paidjobandasavolunteerintheneighborhoodwhenIvisitedherlastyear.A.isworkingB.wasworkingC.hasworkedD.hadworked.【2018・北京】7.China’shigh-speedrailwaysfrom9,000to25,000kilometersinthepastfewyears.A.aregrowingB.havegrownC.willgrowD.hadgrown4.12018•北京】9.Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswhointhemountainsfortwodays.A.aretrappingB.havebeentrappedC.weretrappingD.hadbeentrapped5.12018•天津】13.Mywashingmachinethisweek,soIhavetowashmyclothesbyhand.A.wasrepairedB.isrepairedC.isbeingrepairedD.hasbeenrepaired6.12018•天津】10.Ican'tfindmypurse.Iitinthesupermarketyesterday,butI'mnotsure.A.shouldleaveB.musthaveleftC.mightleaveD.couldhaveleft7.12018•江苏】31.Hopefullyin2025wewillnolongerbee-mailingeachother,forwemoreconvenientelectroniccommunicationtoolsbythen.A.havedevelopedB.haddevelopedC.willhavedevelopedD.developed8.12018•江苏】30.Iwassenttothevillagelastmonthtoseehowthedevelopmentplaninthepasttwoyears.A.hadbeencarriedoutB.wouldbecarriedoutC.isbeingcarriedoutD.hasbeencarriedout[2017•北京卷]—thatcompanytoseehowtheythinkofourproductyesterday?—Yes.Theyarehappywithit.A.DidyoucallB.HaveyoucalledC.WillyoucallD.Wereyoucalling[2017•北京卷]Inthe1950sintheUSA,mostfamilieshadjustonephoneathome,andwirelessphones yet.A.haven'tinventedB.haven'tbeeninventedC.hadn'tinventedD.hadn'tbeeninvented[2017•北京卷]Peoplebetteraccesstohealthcarethantheyusedto,andthey'relivinglongerasaresultA.willhaveB.haveC.hadD.hadhad[2017-江苏卷]Hehurriedhome，neveroncelookingbacktoseeifhe.A.wasbeingfollowed B.wasfollowingC.hadbeenfollowed D.followed-[2017-江苏卷]He'sbeeninformedthatheforthescholarshipbecauseofhisacademicbackground.A.hasn'tqualified B.hadn'tqualifiedC.doesn'tqualify D.wasn'tqualifying[2017-天津卷]IdowntoLondonwhenIsuddenlyfoundthatIwasonthewrongroad.A．wasdriving B．havedrivenC．woulddrive D．drove【2016•北京]23.—Excuseme,whichmovieareyouwaitingfor?—ThenewStarWar.jWehereformorethantwohours.A.waited B.wait C.wouldbewaitingD.havebeenwaiting[2016-江苏129.Dashan,whocrosstalk,theChinesecomedictradition,fordecades,wantstomixitupwiththeWesternstand-uptradition.A.willbelearningB.islearningC.hadbeenlearningD.hasbeenlearning[2016-浙江】9.SilkoneoftheprimarygoodstradedalongtheSilkRoadbyabout100BC.A.hadbecome B.wasbecoming C.hasbecome D.isbecoming【2015•北京】22.--Didyouenjoytheparty?--Yes,webyourhosts.A.weretreated B.wouldbetreated. C.treated D.hadtreated2.12015•北京】26.inthelastfewyears,Chinagreatachievementsinenvironmentalprotection.A.hasmadeB.hadmadeC.wasmaking D.ismaking【2015•北京]30.—Dr.Jacksonisnotinhisofficeatthemoment.—Allright.Ihimlater.A.willcallB.havecalledC.callDwillbecalling[2015-重庆】1.—IsPetercoming?—No,hehismindafteraphonecallatthelastminute.A.changesB.changedC.waschangingD.hadchanged[2015-重庆】13.Inmyhometown,thereisalwaysaharvestsupperforthefarmersafterallthewheatcut.A.willhavebeenB.willbe C.wasD.hasbeen[2015-浙江】8.AlbertEinsteinwasbornin1879.Asachild,fewpeopleguessedthatheafamousscientistwhosetheorieswouldchangetheworld.A.hasbeenB.hadbeenC.wasgoingtobeD.was[2015-天津19.Despitethepreviousroundsoftalks,noagreementsofarbythetwosides.A.hasbeenreached B.wasreachedC.willreach D.willhavereached[2015-天津16.Janecan,tattendthemeetingat3o,clockthisafternoonbecausesheaclassatthattime.A.willteach B.wouldteachC.hastaught D.willbeteaching[2015-四川】4.MoreexpresswaysinSichuansoontopromotethelocaleconomy.A.arebeingbuiltB.willbebuiltC.havebeenbuiltD.hadbeenbuilt[2015-陕西124.Atcollege,BarackObamadidn,tknowthathethefirstblackpresidentoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.A.wastobecomeB.becomesC.istobecomeD.became[2015•陕西】22.Maryreallyhardonhisbookandthinkshe,llhavefinisheditbyFriday.A.worked B.hasbeenworking C.hadworked D.hasworked[2015-福建】26.Tomydelight,Ifromhundredsofapplicantstoattendtheopeningceremony.A.waschosen B.wasbeingchosenC.wouldchooseD.hadchosen[2015-江苏130.Therealreasonwhyprices,andstillare,toohighiscomplex,andnoshortdiscussioncansatisfactorilyexplainthisproblem.A.were B.willbe C.havebeen D.hadbeen[2015-安徽】29.Itisreportedthataspacestationonthemooninyearstocome.10D.hasbeenbuiltA.willbebuildingB.willbebuiltC.hasbeenbuildingD.hasbeenbuilt【2015-安徽】24.JustasIgottotheschoolgate,IrealisedImybankinthecafe.A.haveleft B.hadleftCwouldleaveD.wasleaving[2015-湖南128.HemusthavesensedthatIhim.Hesuddenlyglancedatmeandsaidquietly,"Whyareyoustaringatmelikethat?"A.wouldlookatB.lookedat C.waslookingatD.amlookingat[2015-湖南】25.Iwasn'tabletohidemyea