波形监视器在数字电视中应用

波形监视器在数字电视中的应用王伟泰克科技(中国)有限公司视频测试部October2000Footer/Optional2RGBCompositeEncoderAtoD

ConvYR-YB-YSerializerSerializerClockX10YCRCB10BitsParallel

DigitalComponent

27MB/sec.1485GB/SecSerialDigitalComposite

143Mb/sec(NTSC)177Mb/sec(PAL)D2andD3ParallelDigitalComposite

PAL=17.7MB/sec

NTSC=14.3MB/sec4Fsc

(PAL=17.7MHz)

(NTSC=14.3MHz)Component

AnalogVideo

(RGB)Analog

Composite

Video

(PAL/NTSC/SECAM)DVD

DigitalVersatile

(Video)DiskAtoD

ConvAudioColorDifference

Component

AnalogVideo

(Y,B-Y,R-Y)MPEG2

SingleProgram

TransportStreamsTransmission

Channel

TxMPEG2

Single

Program

Transport

StreamsTransmissionChannel

Analysis1.Telcoa.SDHb.ATMc.SONET2.Satellitea.DVB-S

(QPSK)3.Cablea.DVB-C

(16,32or

64QAM)4.Terrestriala.DVB-T

(OFDM)b.ATSC

(8VSB)5.Interneta.Streaming

VideoMPEG2

Generation,Analysis

andMonitoringPicture

QualityMonitoringSerialDigitalComponent-D1

ITU-RBT.601(SMPTE259M)

270Mb/sec

ITU-RBT.709(SMPTE292M)

1.485Gb/secMPEG2

Program

StreamDataDataAnalogCompositeVideo

(PAL/NTSC/SECAM)AtoD

ConvMultiplexed27MB/sec

Multiplexed.1485GB/sec

CB/Y/CR/Y/CB/Y

10BitsParallel6.75MHz

37.125MHz

SampleRateforCB

andCR13.5MHz

74.25MHz

Sample

RateforY270MHz

1.485GHzVQoS

(VideoQualityofService)SerialDigitalComponent-D1

ITU-RBT.601(SMPTE259M)

270Mb/sec

ITU-RBT.709(SMPTE292M)

1.485Gb/secAudioDe-MultiplexerTransmission

Channel

RxMultiplexerMPEG2

Multi-

Program

TransportStream

MPEG2

Audio

Video

Encoder

MPEG2

Video

Audio

Decoder10Bits

ParallelAtoD

ConvY,B-Y,R-YScaledtoY,CB,CRMatrix3视频基础知识

MatrixCompositeEncoderAtoDConvSerializerRGB270MHzYR-YB-Y6.75MHz

SampleRateforB-Y

andR-Y13.5MHz

Sample

RateforYSerializerClockX10ITU-RBT.601-2

SerialDigital

Component

270Mb/secYR-YB-Y10BitsParallelITU-RBT.601-2

ParallelDigitalComponent

27MB/secSerialDigitalComposite

143Mb/sec(NTSC)177Mb/sec(PAL)ParallelDigitalComposite

PAL=17.7MHz

NTSC=14.3MHzMultiplexed27MB/sec

B-Y/Y/R-Y/Y/B-Y/Y

10BitsParallel4Fsc

(PAL=17.7MHz)

(NTSC=14.3MHz)Component

AnalogVideo

(RGB)Analog

Composite

Video

(PAL/NTSC)MPEG2

Program

EncoderDVD

DigitalVersatile

(Video)DiskAtoD

ConvAudioColorDifference

Component

AnalogVideo

(Y,B-Y,R-Y)MPEG2

Protocol

TransportStreamTransmission

Channel

TxTransmission

Channel

RxMPEG2

Program

DecoderMPEG2

Protocol

TransportStreamTransmissionChannelAnalysisSDH,ATM,SONETorModulatedRFSignals.MPEG2

Protocol

AnalysisPicture

Quality

AnalysisITU-RBT.601-2SerialDigital

Component270Mb/secMPEG2

Protocol

ProgramStreamDataDataAnalogComposite

Video(PAL/NTSC)AtoD

ConvAtoD

Conv模拟分量模拟复合数字复合数字分量MPEG4096x21603840x2160ImageSizeMatters1920x10801280x720720x480720x57644KVideoTestandMonitoringSolutionOverviewOctober2000Footer/Optional5VideoFormatsSummary

RGBComponentAnalogVideo(RGB)4xFscSample(PAL=17.7MHz)(NTSC=14.4MHz)ClockX10ComponentAnalogVideo(R-Y,B-Y,Y)YB-YR-Y10bits6.75MHzSample13.5MHzSampleMultiplexed27Mbytes/Sec...Y/R-Y/Y/B-Y/Y...ClockX10D1ParallelDigitalComponentD1SerialDigitalComponent270Mb/SecD2SerialDigitalComposite(144Mb/Sec)(177Mb/Sec)D2ParallelDigitalCompositeYB-YR-YCameraMatrixCompositeEncoderAtoDConvSerializerAnalogCompositeVideo(NTSC/PAL)10bitsParallelAtoDConvAtoDConvAtoDConvSerializerOctober2000Footer/Optional6CbYCrYCbYCrYA/DA/DA/DYPbPr6.75MHz37.125MHz13.5MHz74.25MHz4:2:210Parallel

Bits10BitParallelSamplesat27MB/sParallelto

Serial

Converter270MHz1.485GHz

SerialDigitalComponent

270Mb/s1,485Gb/sCbYCrYCbYCrYITU-BT.R656/SMPTE259M

SMPTE292M串行转并行SD/HDTV–Y,Pb,PrQuantizingand4:2:2

4:2:2Sample,SamplingWord,

DigitalHorizontalLine

(4:2:2取样,量化字,数字行)

October2000Footer/Optional8SDTV–SignalCreationStartwithColorDifferenceVideoSignalY-LuminanceB-Y(U)R-Y(V)+714mV(700mV)0mV-286mV(-300mV)+500mV(+490mV)0mV-500mV(-490mV)WHTYELCYNGRNMGTREDBLUBLKCHANNEL1

Y*(Y)CHANNEL2

B-Y*(U)CHANNEL3

R-Y*(V)0mV-636mV(-620mV)+636mV(+620mV)* Derivedfrom714mVRGBsignals

(Derivedfrom700mVRGBsignals-PALrefburstvaluesnotshown)October2000Footer/Optional94:2:2Sampling4:2:21LuminancesampleY2ChrominancesamplesCb,CrOctober2000Footer/Optional10601

取样

0 1 2 3

0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3

0 1 2 3

linenlinen+263linen+1linen+2644:2:2Sampling

mendationITU-RBT.601(CCIRmendation601)“4”=13.5MHz“2”=6.75MHzCbYCrYCbYCrYVerticalBlankingActiveVideo720pixelsx483linesOctober2000Footer/Optional114:2:2Sampling

0 1 2 3

0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3

0 1 2 3

linenlinen+563linen+1linen+5644:2:2Sampling

mendationITU-RBT.601(CCIRmendation601)“4”=74.25MHz“2”=37.125MHz(“4”=13.5MHz“2”=6.75MHz)CbYCrYCbYCrYVerticalBlankingActiveVideo1920pixelsx1080linesCbYCrYCbYCrYOctober2000Footer/Optional12SDTV–SignalCreation–Sampling,Quantizing(取样,量化)

Analog

SignalA/DConverter100000111000010100010010100100000011111110000110111111000011SamplingFrequencyNo.ofBitsRepresentingAmplitudeatSamplingPointSample1Sample2Sample3Sample4Sample5Sample6Sample1Sample2Sample3Sample4Sample5Sample6MSBLSBAnalogtoDigitalConversionOctober2000Footer/Optional1374.25MHz(HD)/13.5MHz(SD)luminancesampling,10bitwords1920samples/activeline;(720samples/activeline)877quantizationlevelsforactivevideoBlackatlevel64,peakwhiteatlevel940-51.1mv000ExcludedExcluded766.3mv3FF700.0mv3AC

0.0mv040Black

PeakWhite

6401023940

763.1mv3FC10193

-47.9mv00314亮度分量

10-bit量化超出

766.3mV 3FF 1111111111峰值

700.0mV 3AC 1110101100黑电平

0mV 040 0001000000超出

-51.1mV 000 0000000000

电压

766.3mV

超出

–非法 763.9mV(107IRE)

不推荐

告警

峰值

700.0mV{October2000Footer/Optional1537.125MHz(HD)/6.75MHz(SD)colordifferencesampling960samples/activeline;(360sample/activeline)897quantizationlevelsforactivevideoZeromvsignalatlevel512ExcludedZeroMax.Neg.Max.PosExcluded-350.0mv040-400.0mv

0000.0mv200+350.0mv3C0+399.2mv

3FF6405121023960+396.1mv3FC1019-396.9mv0033October2000Footer/Optional16标准清晰度水平行FirstactivepicturesampleLastactivepicturesampleCOMPONENT:Activelinedigitized,EAV/SAVaddedEAVSAV 1712 3FF 000 1715 XYZ 0 Cb 1 Y 2 Cr 3 Y3FF000000XYZXYZWordConveysStart/EndofLine(H),

VerticalBlanking(V),andField(F)October2000Footer/Optional17XYZ字定义

October2000Footer/Optional18XYZ字图示October2000Footer/Optional19标准清晰度水平行

EAVSAVEAV4words4words4wordsTOTALLINE1716/1728WORDSfor525/625ANALOGLINEDIGITALACTIVELINE(samefor525/625)1440WORDS(0-1439)276/288

WORDSfor525/625BLANKINGINTERVALOctober2000Footer/Optional20WFM7100的数据显示（SD信号）H消隐期SDSAV3FF,000,000,XYZ有效视频3FF000,000XYZOctober2000Footer/Optional21SMPTE292HD数字水平行FirstactivepicturesampleLastactivepicturesampleCOMPONENT:Activelinedigitized,EAV/SAVaddedEAVSAV 3FF 3FF 000 000 000 000 XYZ XYZ 0 Cb 1 Y 2 Cr 3 YXYZWordConveysStart/EndofLine(H),

VerticalBlanking(V),andField(F)3FFC3FFY000C000Y000C000YXYZCXYZYLN0CLN0YLN1CLN1YCRC0YCR0CRC1YCR1October2000Footer/Optional22SMPTE292HD数字水平行October2000Footer/Optional23InterleavedDataStreamOctober2000Footer/Optional24SMPTE292HD数字水平行

EAVSAVEAV8words4words8wordsTOTALLINE2640WORDSANALOGLINEDIGITALACTIVELINE1920YWORDS1920Pb/PrWORDS(0-1919)BLANKINGINTERVAL

720YWORDS720Pb/PrWORDS(1920-2639)October2000Footer/Optional25WFM7100的数据显示（HD信号）H消隐期HDSAVCbYCrY3FF,3FF,000,000,000,000,XYZ,XYZ有效视频3FF000,000XYZ3FF000,000XYZOctober2000Footer/Optional26WFM7100的数据显示（HD信号）ActiveVideoHDEAVCbYCrY3FF,3FF,000,000,000,000,XYZ,XYZLN0(C),LN0(Y),LN1(C),LN1(Y),CCRC0,YCRC0,CCRC1,VCRC1HBlankingInterval3FF000,000XYZLN0LN1CRC0CRC1October2000Footer/Optional27EAV?SAV?SAVEAVOctober2000Footer/Optional28October2000Footer/Optional29

讨论提纲波形监视器在节目录制中的应用图像画面监测立体声,环绕声监测其他应用波形监视器在节目传输中的应用误码检测抖动检测眼图监控加压测试波形监视器在播出中的应用波形监视器在节目技审中的应用TektronixNewSD/HDWaveform介绍

波形监视器在节目录制中的应用图像画面监测October2000Footer/Optional311,图像画面监视00000000000000000010101001010…??October2000Footer/Optional32VideoFormatsSummary

RGBComponentAnalogVideo(RGB)4xFscSample(PAL=17.7MHz)(NTSC=14.4MHz)ClockX10ComponentAnalogVideo(R-Y,B-Y,Y)YB-YR-Y10bits6.75MHzSample13.5MHzSampleMultiplexed27Mbytes/Sec...Y/R-Y/Y/B-Y/Y...ClockX10D1ParallelDigitalComponentD1SerialDigitalComponent270Mb/SecD2SerialDigitalComposite(144Mb/Sec)(177Mb/Sec)D2ParallelDigitalCompositeYB-YR-YCameraMatrixCompositeEncoderAtoDConvSerializerAnalogCompositeVideo(NTSC/PAL)10bitsParallelAtoDConvAtoDConvAtoDConvSerializerOctober2000Footer/Optional33CbYCrYCbYCrYA/DA/DA/DYPbPr6.75MHz37.125MHz13.5MHz74.25MHz4:2:210Parallel

Bits10BitParallelSamplesat27MB/sParallelto

Serial

Converter270MHz1.485GHz

SerialDigitalComponent

270Mb/s1,485Gb/sCbYCrYCbYCrYITU-BT.R656/SMPTE259M

SMPTE292M串行转并行SD/HDTV–Y,Pb,PrQuantizingand4:2:2October2000Footer/Optional341.SDI信号StandardDefinitionClock27MHzHighDefinitionClock148.5MHzevenrates(148.5/1.001)=1.4835MHzoddrates

October2000Footer/Optional351.1,SDI与Analog00000000000000000010101001010…October2000Footer/Optional361.2,Thetraditionalanalogcomposite

measurementmethodisbeingquestionedDe-serializeYB-YR-YDtoAConvDtoAConvDtoAConvCompositeEncoderDtoA?0000…0000…传统的模拟复合测试方法受到质疑October2000Footer/Optional371.3,Can"EyeDisplay"beusedtomonitorpicturequality?

?0000…0000…DigitalCamera“眼图”能否监测画面图象质量？October2000Footer/Optional381.3,Can"EyeDisplay"beusedtomonitorpicturequality?October2000Footer/Optional391.4,WhyisthemethodofmonitoringY,Pb/Prnotappropriate?

?De-serializeYB-YR-YDtoAConvDtoAConvDtoAConvDtoA10bitsParallelDigitalCamera0000…0000…为何监测Y,Pb/Pr方法也不合适

October2000Footer/Optional40

1.4,为何监测Y,Pb,Pr方法也不合适

监测Y,Pb,Pr的目的?最大电平,最小电平October2000Footer/Optional411.4,Y的最大电平和最小电平720samples/activeline877quantizationlevelsBlackatlevel64,peakwhiteatlevel940-51.1mv000ExcludedExcluded766.3mv3FF700.0mv3AC

0.0mv040BlackPeak

6401023d9403FB10203

003(79_941~10193AD~3FB)60_4~63003~039877_64~940040~3AC763MV-48MVOctober2000Footer/Optional421.4,Pb和Pr的最大电平和最小电平360samples/activeline897quantizationlevelszerosignalatlevel512ExcludedZeroMaxNegMaxPosExcluded-350.0mv040-400.0mV0000.0mv200+350.0mv3C0+399.2mv3FF6405121023d960

3FB1019

0033+398MV-398MVOctober2000Footer/Optional431.4,对Y,PB,PR的最大值和最小值监测有否任何意义?实验也证明对任何SDI视频信号:Y的最大值不会超过+763mv,最小值不会低于-48mvPB,PR的最大值不超过+398mv,最小值不低于-398mv引出的问题:传统上的对Y,PB,PR的最大值和最小值监测有否意义?在数字领域---挑战!!!合法的Y,PB,PR是否一定有效?即使Y,PB,PR的最大值和最小值在规定的电平范围之内是否一定有效。(是否产生最有效的图象）October2000Footer/Optional441.5,合法与有效合法与非法:如果视频信号在其使用格式中，信号电压在规定容限之内，该信号称为合法信号。超出规定容限，则为非法信号。有效与无效有效信号是指处于彩色色域中并在转换为其它格式时仍然保持合法的视频信号。由有效信号的定义可以看出，有效信号必定是合法信号，而在某一格式中是合法的信号却不一定是有效信号。October2000Footer/Optional451.5,合法与有效--图解计算0.000.56-0.35-0.060.270.240.30-0.027-0.05-0.300.37ITU-RBT.601

Y’=0.587G’+0.114B’+0.299R’Pb=0.564(B’-Y’)Pr=0.713(R’-Y’)

R’=Y’+1.403Pr

R’(4)=0.37+1.403X(-0.3)=-0.05(mv)

G’=Y’-0.344Pb-0.714Pr

G’(5)=0.27-0.344X0.24-0.714X0.3=-0.027(mv)

B’=Y’+1.773Pb

B’(2)=0.56+1.773X(-0.35)=-0.06(mv)October2000Footer/Optional461.5,实验:观测Y,PB,PR的合法与有效实验证明对任何视频信号:即使合法的Y,PB,PR信号在转换成R,G,B后,也可能是无效(非法)信号甚至在所有的标准测试信号中,也只有彩条信号是有效信号引出的问题:D1各式的数字视频信号源之与Y,PB,PR,在还原成R,G,B时也同样会产生无效信号,即非法彩色信号Y,PB,PR仅仅是中间信号,是由数学公式产生的信号,并非是最后还原图象的信号.R,G,B信号源之于图象,最后还原成图象.防止非法彩色是提高数字视频质量的一个新课题.October2000Footer/Optional471.6Chromaticity(色度)Formatslimitcolourrange各种格式限制了色域的范围Carehastobetakenwhenconvertingbetweenformats在视频格式转换中,必须关注是否超越相应的色域范围October2000Footer/Optional481.6,Chromaticity(色度)700546.1435.8October2000Footer/Optional491.6,R’G’B’与Y’P’bP’r色域空间ReproduciblecolorsmustbeinsidethecubeRed

GreenandBlueareindependentY’P’bP’rReproduciblecolorsmustbeinsideparallelepipedY,PbandPrareNOTindependent!ITU-RBT.601

Y’=0.299R’+0.587G’+0.114B’Y’=0.587G’+0.114B’+0.299R’R’-Y’=0.701R’-0.587G’-0.114B’Pb=0.564(B’-Y’)

B’-Y’=-0.299R’-0.587G’+0.886B’Pr=0.713(R’-Y’)

October2000Footer/Optional501.6,Forcorrectcolorgamut,

---R'G'Bshouldbethesignalstobefocused.

在所有合法的Y,PB,PR信号中,只有25%左右是有效的对准确的显示色域而言---R’G’B’应是我们最关注的信号AmongalllegalY,PB,PRsignals,onlyabout25%arevalid.

October2000Footer/Optional511.6,MonitoringR,G,Bisthemostidealandscientificmethod.

De-serializeBRGDtoAConvDtoAConvDtoAConvDtoA0000…0000…监测R,G,B才是最合理,最科学的方法October2000Footer/Optional521.6,Gamutmonitoring—thetraditionalway

WhiteGamutBlackGamut传统的RGB波形监测方法October2000Footer/Optional531.6,DirectdisplayofR,G,BinSDIsignalsdiamonddisplayDe-serializeYB-YR-YDtoAConvDtoAConvDtoAConvCompositeEncoderDtoA0000…0000…R,G,B在SDI信号中的直接显示--钻石显示October2000Footer/Optional541.6.1,PerfectGamutmonitoring—Diamonddisplay

Gamut色域配置菜单可选择色域容限(完美的显示色域的监视—钻石显示)October2000Footer/Optional551.6.1,HowtheDiamonddisplayisformedOctober2000Footer/Optional561.6.1,HowtheDiamonddisplayisformed

钻石显示的形成

October2000Footer/Optional571.6.1,UnderstandingtheDiamondDisplay

_100%ColorBarOctober2000Footer/Optional581.6.1,UnderstandingtheDiamondDisplay

_100%ColorBarOctober2000Footer/Optional591.6.1,UnderstandingtheDiamondDisplayRErrorRRedAmplitudeErrorBGGR兰通道中的黑偏置BGGOctober2000Footer/Optional601.6.1,UnderstandingtheDiamondDisplay蓝色底电平超标，图像层次感差October2000Footer/Optional611.6.1,UnderstandingtheDiamondDisplayLiveandtestsignalsEasyfaultisolationGGRBOctober2000Footer/Optional621.6.1,UnderstandingtheDiamondDisplayOctober2000Footer/Optional631.6.2,Application–DiamonddisplayOctober2000Footer/Optional641.6.2,Application

–DiamonddisplayOctober2000Footer/Optional651.6.2,Application

–DiamonddisplayOctober2000Footer/Optional661.6.2,Application

–DiamonddisplayOctober2000Footer/Optional67菱形显示优于其他显示方式的特点在菱形显示中，显示图像信号的绿色光迹亮暗程度和面积大小是随图像信号的不断变化而变化根据信号显示的绿色光迹亮暗程度和面积大小就可以直观地判断节目图像质量的优劣菱形显示不仅能监测图像信号是否超过规定的色域标准，而且,即使是图像信号未超标的节目,菱形显示也能直观地显示图像质量的优劣,这是菱形显示优于其他显示方式的明显特点October2000Footer/Optional68绿色光迹面积越大,说明图像颜色越丰富、亮度和色彩饱和度越好菱形显示优于其他显示方式的特点October2000Footer/Optional69

绿色光迹面积越大,说明图像颜色越丰富、亮度和色彩饱和度越好菱形显示优于其他显示方式的特点October2000Footer/Optional70绿色光迹面积越大,说明图像颜色越丰富、亮度和色彩饱和度越好菱形显示优于其他显示方式的特点October2000Footer/Optional71绿色光迹面积越小,说明图像颜色越不丰富、亮度和色彩饱和度越差菱形显示优于其他显示方式的特点October2000Footer/Optional72绿色光迹面积越小,说明图像颜色越不丰富、色彩饱和度越差、亮度低、色彩单调菱形显示优于其他显示方式的特点October2000Footer/Optional73绿色光迹面积越小,说明图像颜色越不丰富、色彩饱和度越差、亮度低、色彩单调菱形显示优于其他显示方式的特点October2000Footer/Optional74绿色光迹越明亮的地方,说明图像分量信号越集中（越多),图像的亮度层次和色彩饱和度越好绿色光迹越暗淡的地方，说明图像分量信号越不集中（越少），图像的亮度层次和色彩饱和度越差菱形显示优于其他显示方式的特点October2000Footer/Optional75

绿色光迹向外伸展的越长、在标准线以外伸展的越远,说明图像的某些分量信号幅度越大菱形显示优于其他显示方式的特点October2000Footer/Optional76超标信号的菱形显示凡是在蓝色线框以外显示的信号光迹都是超标的图像信号October2000Footer/Optional771.6.3,信号光迹面积与画面质量绿色光迹面积小图像色彩不丰富亮度层次差色彩饱和度差绿色光迹面积大图像色彩丰富亮度层次好色彩饱和度好October2000Footer/Optional781.6.3,信号光迹面积大,亮度和色彩饱和度好October2000Footer/Optional791.6.3,信号光迹面积小,亮度和色彩饱和度差October2000Footer/Optional801.6.3,信号光迹面积大,色彩丰富October2000Footer/Optional811.6.3,信号光迹面积小,色彩单调October2000Footer/Optional821.6.3,信号光迹面积大,色彩饱和度好October2000Footer/Optional831.6.3,信号光迹面积小,亮度和色彩饱和度差October2000Footer/Optional841.6.3,信号光迹面积大,亮度和色彩饱和度好October2000Footer/Optional85

1.6.3,信号光迹面积小,亮度和色彩饱和度差October2000Footer/Optional86红色分量信号超标的菱形显示显示在“R”方向蓝色线框以外的信号光迹，则是红色分量信号超标，造成红色信号非法October2000Footer/Optional87蓝色分量信号超标的菱形显示显示在“B”方向蓝色线框以外，则是蓝色分量信号超标，造成蓝色信号非法October2000Footer/Optional88蓝色分量信号超标的菱形显示October2000Footer/Optional89绿色分量信号超标的菱形显示显示在“G”方向蓝色线框以外，是绿色分量信号超标，造成绿色信号非法October2000Footer/Optional90亮度信号超标的菱形显示在上下菱形图中间垂直线上显示的信号光迹如果超过两个菱形蓝色线框的两个顶点，说明白电平过高，造成亮度信号（Y）超标October2000Footer/Optional91YRGB分量信号均超标的菱形显示YRGB

分量信号均超标October2000Footer/Optional92信号负向超标的菱形显示显示在“B”和“R”负方向蓝色线框以外，则是蓝色和红色信号负向超标October2000Footer/Optional93

蓝色(B)和红色(R)信号负向超标October2000Footer/Optional94蓝色(B)信号负向超标October2000Footer/Optional95底电平超标的菱形显示蓝色底电平过高造成图像层次感差,画面有雾状感,清晰度差,画面不透亮October2000Footer/Optional96菱形显示菱形显示是监测SDI信号是否超过规定的RGB分量信号标准(-35~735mv)October2000Footer/Optional97黑电平与消隐电平差称为底电平

黑电平与消隐电平在显像管上都使电子束不发射而呈现黑色，但两者的电平值可以不相同黑电平是对应图像内容而言，图像最亮部分信号电平为白电平，最黑就是黑电平消隐电平是消隐信号脉冲顶的电平，为了消隐，它至少等于黑电平，也可以比黑电平更黑些消隐电平与黑电平之差称为黑电平提升(即底电平)，它是针对内部信号处理而言October2000Footer/Optional98

底电平的最佳选择底电平过高就会使图像画面有雾状感而影响画面透明度（即画面不透）；底电平过低也会造成黑切割,画面反差大而影响层次感根据摄像机生产厂家的推荐和有经验的摄像师使用经验，底电平控制在视频电平幅度的1%左右（即5-10mv）是比较好的October2000Footer/Optional991.6.4,Preventingillegalcolors--CamerablackbalanceadjustmentandmonitoringBlackBalanceerrorsshown(Overred)

(黑平衡不正确(偏红)的钻石显示)防止非法彩色—摄像机的黑平衡调整和监视钻石显示–摄像机的平衡黑色中心白色顶点白色顶点AEUFebruary2010-TektronixConfidentialClassTitleV10ColorCorrectionandGamutMonitoring100钻石显示–摄像机平衡的红错误偏离中心指示在这种情况下红增益不正确造成色平衡错误偏离中心表明红通道的黑偏移造成色平衡错误AEUFebruary2010-TektronixConfidentialClassTitleV10ColorCorrectionandGamutMonitoring101October2000Footer/Optional1021.6.4,Preventingillegalcolors--CamerablackbalanceadjustmentandmonitoringBlackBalanceerrorscausedtherealpictureshown(Overred)

黑平衡不正确造成实际图像信号偏红的钻石显示防止非法彩色—摄像机的黑平衡调整和监视October2000Footer/Optional1031.6.4,Preventingillegalcolors--CamerablackbalanceadjustmentandmonitoringBlackBalanceerrorscausedtherealpictureshown(overblue)

黑平衡不正确造成实际图像信号偏蓝的钻石显示防止非法彩色—摄像机的黑平衡调整和监视October2000Footer/Optional1041.6.4,Preventingillegalcolors--CamerablackbalanceadjustmentandmonitoringBlackBalanceerrorscausedtherealpictureshown(overGreen)

黑平衡不正确造成实际图像信号偏绿的钻石显示防止非法彩色—摄像机的黑平衡调整和监视October2000Footer/Optional1051.6.4,Preventingillegalcolors--CameragammacalibrationandgreyscaletracingAlumagrayscalesignalproducesaverticallineBalanceerrorsshownbybending防止非法彩色—摄像机的伽玛校正和灰度跟踪October2000Footer/Optional1061.6.4,Preventingillegalcolors--CameragammacalibrationandgreyscaletracingThebluechannelofthecamerahasbeengammaconfigured.Wecanseefromthebottomrightwindowofthedisplaythatthescenepictureissomewhattooblue.

该摄像机的兰色通道已作伽玛设置，由屏幕右下方窗口可看出场景图像有些偏兰

October2000Footer/Optional1071.6.5,TimingErrorswiththeDiamonddisplayBowingindicatesatimingerror弯曲指示定时错误Diamondcanonlyindicatetimingerrors钻石显示只能给出定时错误的指示(>20ns)October2000Footer/Optional1081.7,CompositeGamutusingArrowhead箭头显示SimplifiescompositegamutwithouttheneedforanencoderSelectablethresholdlimitsLumaverticalChromahorizontalSelectablePALorNTSCgraticuleUsedwithbothliveandtestsignalsAdjustableAlarmlimitsLumaChromaOctober2000Footer/Optional1091.7.1,ConstructionofArrowhead

NTSCPALOctober2000Footer/Optional1101.7.1,ConstructionofArrowhead

箭头显示介绍October2000Footer/Optional111931931826700651385315490-126-231-231062349041328721077O-CYCF＝Y+CF＝Y-CC167o283o241o61o103o347o308441413413441308October2000Footer/Optional1121.7.2,LumaGamutMonitoringwithArrowheadLowerLumaLimitLowerLuma+ChromaLimitUpperLuma+ChromaLimitUpperLumaLimitOctober2000Footer/Optional1131.7.3,GamutMonitoringComposite—ArrowheaddisplayChromaGamutLumaGamutConfigurationMenuSelectableGamutThresholdsOctober2000Footer/Optional1141.7.3,GamutMonitoringComposite—ArrowheaddisplayWhiteBlackChroma100IRELumaOctober2000Footer/Optional1151.7.3,Application–Diamonddisplay

实际图象的箭头显示Arrowheaddisplaycanalsobeusedtomonitorifthevideosignalgooverthelimitinthecompositeformat.Thefigureisaexample,usingtheWFM700ArrowheaddisplayfunctiontomonitortheNTSCsignal.(箭头显示也可用来监视实际视频信号在复合格式中的色域越限状况。右图是用WFM7100的箭头显示监视NTSC制实际视频信号的实例。)October2000Footer/Optional116超标信号的箭头显示被测图像信号的复合色域在垂直方向超出了721mv（103%）迹线，说明亮度信号（Y）超标；在Y+C方向的复合全电视信号也超出了800mv斜线，说明该图像复合色域超标具体是哪种颜色超标，需根据超标信号光迹在800mv斜线以外从上到下的不同位置而定，因为斜线上自上而下分别是黄、青、绿、品红、红和蓝色等各种颜色October2000Footer/Optional117白电平超标的箭头显示亮度信号正向和负向均超标October2000Footer/Optional118图像中信号超标的部位当“超标信号突显”功能设置后，图像中超标部分的信号像素显示为马赛克，这样就可以清楚地辩别出画面中哪些部位的图像信号超标.下图中显示为马赛克状态的部位就是亮度信号超标的图像信号October2000Footer/Optional119超标图像中哪些部位信号超标根据突显的超标画面位置,拍摄时或后期加工时均可对突显部位的用光加以调整和处理,以确保画面图像信号技术质量October2000Footer/Optional120箭头显示箭头显示则是监测SDI信号转换为模拟复合信号时，复合全电视信号是否超过规定的标准(800mv)October2000Footer/Optional1218,EBU-R103-2000October2000Footer/Optional1228,EBU-R103ForGamutLevelsEBU-R103–SpecifiesasetofrequirementsforGamutlimitsofasignalRGBGamutUpperLimit105%LowerLimit-5%Area1%CompositeGamutUpperLimit932mvLowerLimit-221mvArea0%LumaGamutUpperLimit103%LowerLimit-1%Area1%LowerLumaLimitLowerLuma+ChromaLimitUpperLuma+ChromaLimitUpperLumaLimit576X720=414’720(象素)414’720X001=4’147.2(象素)October2000Footer/Optional123

October2000Footer/Optional124数字节目技术质量监测的依据和使用的监测仪器数字节目技术质量监测，就标清节目而言，是依据最新行业标准GY/T223-2007《标准清晰度数字电视节目录像磁带录制规范》中的视音频参数相关规定，使用具有色域监测功能的监测仪对相关参数进行检测来确保节目技术质量。例如：RGB信号幅度-35mv~735mv亮度信号(Y)幅度-7mv~721mv模拟复合信号电平最大值800mv底电平信号幅度0~50mv节目语言电平最大值≤-12dBFS节目电平最大值≤-6dBFS等在全国“金帆奖”评选中，就是依据上述视音频参数的相关规定对节目进行客观测试

October2000Footer/Optional125Conclusion(总结)1,SDIvs.

Analog2,Thetraditionalanalogcompositemeasurementmethodisbeingquestioned

传统的模拟复合测试方法受到质疑3,Can"EyeDisplay"beusedtomonitorpicturequality?

“眼图”能否监测画面图象质量？4,WhyisthemethodofmonitoringY,Pb/Prnotappropriate?

为何监测Y,Pb,Pr方法也不全面TheMaxandMinlevelofY,Pb/Pr

(Y,Pb和Pr的最大电平和最小电平)LegalandValid(合法与有效)5,Chromaticity(色度)6,MonitoringR,G,Bisthemostidealandscientificmethod.R,G,B才是最合理,最科学的监测方法Diamonddisplay钻石显示Preventingillegalcolors(如何防止非法彩色)7,CompositeGamutusingArrowhead(箭头显示介绍)8,EBU-R103Standard

波形监视器在节目录制中的应立体声,环绕声监测October2000Footer/Optional1272,立体声,环绕声监测October2000Footer/Optional1282.1,LissajousDisplay左声道和右声道音频信号在

X-Y轴上显示类似矢量示波器显示Rotateby45ºX-YDisplaySoundStageDisplayOctober2000Footer/Optional1292.1,LissajousDisplay幅度和相位都相同的单音频信号幅度和相位相同，但极性相反的单音频信号PhaseMeterIndicatescorrelationbetweenchannelsOctober2000Footer/Optional1302.1,LissajousDisplayOctober2000Footer/Optional1312.1,LissajousDisplayIncorrectAmplitudeinoneofthechannelsIncorrectFrequencyinoneofthechannelsOctober2000Footer/Optional1322.1LissajousDisplay-能量分布具有很好相关性的立体声信号左声道信号较强的立体声信号October2000Footer/Optional1332.1Lissaj