二轮专题 阅读理解推理判断的知识

考纲词汇检测：1.abandon 2.abnormal3.aboard 4.abolish5.abortion 6.abrupt7.absolute 8.abstract9.absurd 10.abuse11.academic 12.academy13.accelerate 14.accessible15.Abundant16.absorbEverylittlehelpsamiracle.ReadingComprehension---InferenceQuestions阅读理解专题--推理判断题Feb.21,2014learningaim:Togetsomestrategiestomakeproperinferenceswhilereading.

五年高考全国卷推理判断题量统计：20092010201120122013推理判断题47566年份题量题型1.Didyoueverhearastrangesoundcomingfromthewall?Diditsoundlikeaclock?Ifso,itmayhavebeenmadebyabeetle(甲虫)

.Longagopeoplethoughtthetickingmeantthatsomeonewasabouttodie.Thusthebeetleiscalled"thedeathwatch临终看护

beetle."（1分钟）

●Thesoundofthisbeetle________.A.pleasedpeople.B.surprisedpeople.C.frightenedpeople.D.excitedpeople.2.

Itisfuntoturnoverabigrockonthebeach.Makesureyouturntherockbacktothepositionitwasinafteryoumovedit.Ifyoudon’tturnitbackover,alltheseaanimalsunderitorclingingto（依附）theundersidewilldie.（1.5分钟）

Youcantellthatrocks________.A.hurtseaanimalsB.protectseaanimalsC.won’tbefoundonbeachesD.can’tbefoundonbeaches一、如何推断隐含意义技巧点拨1).全面分析2).忠实原文3).不要选择表层信息1.（江西卷）Justascryingcanbehealthy,notcrying—holdingbacktearsofanger,painorsuffering—canbebadforphysicalhealth.Studieshaveshownthattoomuchcontrolofemotionscanleadtohighbloodpressure,heartproblemsandsomeotherillnesses.Ifyouhaveahealthproblem,doctorswillcertainlynotaskyoutocry.Butwhenyoufeellikecrying,don’tfightit.It’sanatural—andhealthy—emotionalresponse.（2分钟）●Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.Cryingisthebestwaytogethelpfromothers.B.Fightingbacktearsmaycausesomehealthproblems.C.Wewillneverknowourdeepfeelingsunlesswecry.D.Wemustcryifwewanttoreducepressure.2.Whyisn’tyournewspaperreportinganygoodnews？AllIreadaboutismurder,bribery(行贿)，anddeath.Frankly，I’msickofallthebadnews.

Thisauthor’sattitudetowardsthenewspaperreportingisto_____.A.complainB.apologizeC.amuseD.inform二、如何推断作者观点和态度：技巧点拨注意作者表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子，推断出作者的弦外之音。体现作者的态度的词汇？

根据用词风格，推断情感态度。一篇好的文章，其用词风格常常直接流露或蕴含作者的内心世界和情感态度。所以，阅读时要善于捕捉表达或暗示情感态度的词句或短语，捕捉那些烘托气氛、渲染情感的词句，进而很好地洞察作者的思想倾向，是支持、反对，抑或是中立。★注意作者在文章中的措辞，比如作者在形容词前用了too，excessively(过分地）,rather则常带有否定的口气；★某些过渡词（例如：however,but,onthecontrary,what’smore）后面所表达的内容往往能反映作者的观点和态度。1.“Haveyoueverbeenoutonaboatandfeltitliftedupbyawave?Orhaveyoujumpedinthewaterandfelttherushofenergyaswavescameoveryou?”askedJamieTayloroftheWaveEnergyGroupattheUniversityofEdinburgh.“Thereiscertainlyalotofenergyinwaves,”hesaid.（1.5分钟）●Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto______.A.testthereaders’knowledgeaboutwavesB.drawthereaders’attentiontothetopicC.showJamieTaylor’simportanceD.invitethereaderstoanswerthem2.AyoungmanfromavillagecalledNawalapitiyamarriedayoungwomanfromMaliyuwa,anearbyvillage.Theylivedwiththeman'sbigfamily-hisparents,hisbrothers,theirwivesandchildren.Thefamilykeptanelephant,inwhichtheyoungwomansoontookagreatinterest.Everydayshefeditwithfruitandsugar.Threemonthslaterthewomanwentbacktoherparents'home,havingquarreledwithherhusband.Soontheelephantrefusedtoeatorwork.Itappearedtobeillandheart-broken.Onemorningafterseveralweekstheanimaldisappearedfromthehouse.Itwenttothewoman‘shome.Onseeingher,theelephantwaveditstrunkandtouchedherwithit.Theyoungwomanwassomovedbytheactoftheanimalthatshereturnedtoherhusband’shome.（3分钟）

●Thewriterwrotethestoryinorderto________.A.showthatelephantsareverycleverB.tellhowawomantrainedawildanimalC.showthatwomencaremoreforanimalsthanmendoD.tellhowananimalreunitedahusbandandwife常见的写作目的归纳不同的文章可能有不同的写作目的,但写作目的通常有以下三种：(1)toentertainreaders（娱乐读者，让人发笑）(2)topersuadereaders（说服读者接受某种观点）(3)toinformreaders（告知读者某些信息）常见于故事类的文章。tomakepeoplelaugh;totellaninterestingexperience常见于广告类的文章。tosellaproductoraservice;toattractmorevisitors/readers/audience多见于科普类﹑新闻报道类﹑文化类或社会类的文章.三、如何推断写作目的1.（全国卷）Doyoualwaysunderstandthedirectionsonabottleofmedicine?Doyouknowwhatismeantby“Takeonlyasdirected?”Readthefollowingdirectionsandseeifyouunderstandthem.Toreducepain,taketwotablets(药片)withwater,followedbyonetableteveryeighthours,asrequired.Fornight-timeandearlymorningrelief(缓解疼痛)taketwotabletsatbedtime.Donottakemorethansixtabletsintwenty-fourhours.Forchildrensixtotwelveyearsold,givehalftheamount(量).Forchildrenundersixyearsold,askyourdoctor’sadvice.Reducetheamountifyousufferfromrestlessnessorsleeplessnessaftertakingthemedicine.●Thistextismostprobablytakenfroma______.（2分钟）A.textbookB.newsreel(新闻片)C.doctor’snotebookD.bottleofmedicine2.Morethan30,000driversandfrontseatpassengersarekilledorseriouslyinjured（受伤）eachyear.Ataspeedofonly30milesperhouritisthesameasfallingfromathirdfloorwindow.Wearingaseatbelt（安全带）saveslives;itreducesyourchanceofdeathorseriousinjurybymorethanhalf.Thereforedriversorfrontseatpassengersover14inmostvehiclesmustwearaseatbelt.Ifyoudonot,youcouldbefinedupto$50.Itwillnotbeuptothedriverstomakesureyouwearyourbelt.Butitwillbethedriver'sresponsibility（责任）tomakesurethatchildrenunder14donotrideinthefrontunlesstheyarewearingseatbeltofsomekind.However,youdonothavetowearaseatbeltifyouarereversing（倒退）yourvehicleoryouaremakingalocaldelivery（发送）orcollectionusingaspecialvehicle;orifyouhaveavalidmedicalcertificatewhichexcusesyoufromwearingit.Makesurethesecircumstances（情形）applytoyoubeforeyoudecidenottowearyourseatbelt.Rememberyoumaybetakentocourtfornotdoingso,andyoumaybefinedifyoucannotprovetothecourtthatyouhavebeenexcusedfromwearingit.（3分钟）

●Thistextistakenfrom_____.

A.amedicalmagazineB.apolicereportC.anadvertisement（广告）D.agovernmentinformationbooklet（小册子）Morethan30,000…arekilledorseriouslyinjuredeachyear.youcouldbefinedupto$50Rememberyoumaybetakentocourt…youmaybefined…apolicereport四、如何推断文章出处解题技巧这类问题应从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处(1)报纸：前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称(2)广告：因其格式特殊，语言简练，容易辨认。(3)产品说明：器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式，而药品的服用说明会告知服用时间、次数、药量等。(4)网站：常出现click,online,web,website等字眼，有时还会提供网址。(5)旅游指南：介绍景点和人文特写，以吸引游客。

Whenearlyhumanshuntedandgatheredfood,theywerenotincontroloftheirenvironment.Theycouldonlyinteract相互影响withtheirsurroundingsaslowerorganismsdid.Whenhumanslearnedtomakefire,however,theybecamecapableofaltering改变theirenvironment.Toprovidethemselveswithfueltheystrippedbark剥树皮fromtrees,causingthetreestodie.Clearings空旷地wereburnedinforeststoincreasethegrowthofgrassandtoprovideagreatergrazingarea牧场forthewildanimalsthathumansfedupon.Thisdevelopmentledtofarmingandthedomestication驯化ofanimals.Firealsoprovidedthemeansforcookingplantswhichhadpreviouslybeeninedible不能吃的.Onlywhentheprocessofmeetingthebasicneedforfoodreachedacertainlevelofsophistication教养，老练，复杂，精明wasitpossibleforhumanstofollowotherpursuit