2023年英语真题及答案详解

2023年MBA联考英语真题及参照答案PartIVocabularyandStructure(10%)Direction:Thereare20incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenblackenthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithapencil.1.Thepoorladywastooanddistressedtotalkaboutthetragedy.A.engagedB.exhaustedC.ignorantD.energetic2.Atfist,thefamouspaintingdoesn’timpresstheaudienceatall.A.glanceB.gazeC.stareD.view3.Delegatesagreetotheplanin,butthereweresomedetailstheydidn’tapprove.A.disciplineB.theoryC.principleD.nature4.Itookthemedicine10minutesago,butthebitternessisstillinmymouth.A.scatteringB.fellingC.maintainingD.lingering5.Sincetheofhumanhistory,humanbeingshavebeenaskingquestionslike"Whatistheessenceoflife."A.duskB.dustC.twinkleC.Dawn6.Theeldestsonallthefamilymemberstodiscusshowtocelebratethe50thweddinganniversaryoftheirparents.A.ClusteredB.resembledC.assembledD.rendered7.Imustleavenow,,ifyouwantthatbookI’LLbringityoutomorrow.A.AccidentallyB.IncidentallyC.OccasionallyD.Subsequently8.Mymotherisalightsleeper,toanysoundevenaslowasthehummingofmosquito.A.alertB.acuteC.keenD.immune9.Thenewlybuiltfactoryisinurgentneedofanumberofskilledandworkers.A.consistentB.consciousC.confidentialD.conscientious10.Asanoutstandingscholar,hehasbecometotheresearchteam.A.seniorB.juniorC.indispensibleC.independent11.Sixteendaysaftertheearthquake,40people,intheirvillage,wererescued.A.trappedB.confinedC.enclosedD.captured12.Workingfarawayfromhome,Jerryhadtofromdowntowntohisofficeeveryday.A.wanderB.commuteC.rambleD.motion13.Thefinanceministerhasnotbeensosinceheraisedtaxestoanunbearablelevel.A.famousB.favorableC.popularD.preferable14.Itisunimaginableforsomeoneinsuchahighinthegovemmenttobehavesobadlyinpublic.A.situationB.positionC.professionD.appointment15.Informationgiventoemployeesmustbe,clearandineasy-to-followlanguage.A．convenientB．continuousC．constantD．concise16.Johnwasveryupsetbecausehewasbythepolicewithbreakingthelaw.A.sentencedB.arrestedC.accusedD.charged17.Davidlikescountrylifeandhasdecidedfarming.A.goinforB.gobackonC.goalongwithD.gothroughwith18.Jenniferhasneverreallyherson’sdeath.It’sveryhardtoacceptthefacethatshe’llneverhaveachild.A.cometotermswithB.comeupagainstC.comeoutwithD.comedownto19.AnationaldebateisnowaboutwhetherweshouldreplacegoldenweekswithpaidVacations.A.inthewayB.bythewayC.underwayD.outoftheway20.Whenapsychologistdoesageneralexperimentaboutthehumanmind,heselectspeopleandasksthemquestions.A.ateaseB.atrandomB.inessenceD.insumIn1999,thepriceofoilhoveredaround$16abarrel.By2023,ithad21the$100abarrelmark.Thereasonsforthesurge22fromthedramaticgrowthoftheeconomiesofchinaandIndiatowidespread23inoil-producingregions,includingIraqandNigeria’sdeltaregion.Triple-digitoilpriceshave24theeconomicandpoliticalmapoftheworld,25someoldnotionsofpower.Oil-richnationsareenjoyinghistoricgainsandopportunities,26majorimporters—includingchinaandIndia,hometoathirdoftheworld’spopulation--27risingeconomicandsocialcosts.Managingthisneworderisfastbecomingacentral28ofglobalpolitics.Countriesthatneedoilareclawingateachotherto29scarcesupplies,andarewillingtodealwithanygovernment,30howunpleasant,todoit.Inmanypoornationswithoil,theprofitsarebeing,losttocorruption,31thesecountriesoftheirbesthopefordevelopment.Andoilisfuelingenormousinvestmentfundsrunbyforeigngovernments,32someinthewestseeasanewthreat.

CountrieslikeRussia,VenezuelaandIranarewellsuppliedwithrisingoil33,achangereflectedinnewlyaggressiveforeignpolicies.Butsomeunexpectedcountriesarereapingbenefits,34costs,fromhigherprices.ConsiderGermany.35itimportsvirtuallyallitsoil,ithasprosperedfromextensivetradewithaboomingRussiaandtheMiddleEast.GermanexportstoRussia36128percentfrom2023to2023.IntheUnitedStates,asalreadyhighgaspricesrose37higherinthespringof2023,theissuecroppedupinthepresidentialcampaign,withSenatorsMcCainandObama38forafederalgastaxholidayduringthepeaksummerdrivingmonths.Anddrivinghabitsbeganto39,assalesofsmallcarsjumpedandmasstransportsystems40thecountryreportedasharpincreaseinriders.21.A.comeB.goneC.crossedD.arrived22.A.coveredB.discoveredC.arrangedD.ranged23.A.intensityB.infinityC.insecurityD.instability24.A.drawnB.redrawnC.retainedD.reviewed25.A.fightingB.strugglingC.challengingD.threatening26.A.andB.whileC.thusD.though27.A.confineB.conflictC.conformD.confront28.A.problemB.questionC.matterD.event29.A.lookforB.lockupC.sendoutD.keepoff30.A.nomatterB.whatifC.onlyifD.inspiteof31.A.abolishingB.deprivingC.destroyingD.eliminating32.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.whom33.A.interestsB.taxesC.incomesD.revenues34.A.asmanyasB.asgoodasC.asfarasD.aswellas35.A.AlthoughB.BecauseC.SinceD.As36.A.advancedB.grewC.reducesD.multiplied37.A.evenB.stillC.ratherD.fairly38.A.askingB.requestingC.callingD.demanding39.A.changeB.turnC.shiftD.transform40.A.forB.fromC.acrossD.overPartIIIReadingComprehension(40%)Direction:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.ThenblackenthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithapencil.PASSAGE1.HenricIbsen,authoroftheplay"ADoll’sHouse",inwhichapretty,helplesshousewifeabandonsHerhusbandandchildrentoseekamoreseriouslife,wouldsurelyhaveapproved..FromJanuaryIst,2023,allpubliccompaniesinNorwayareobligedtoensurethatatleast40%oftheirboarddirectorsarewomen.Mostfirmshaveobeyedthelaw,whichwaspassedin2023.Butabout75outofthe480orpaniesitaffectsarestilltoomaleforthegovernment’sliking.TheywillshortlyreceivearmingthemthattheyhaveuntiltheendofFebruarytoact,orfacethelegalconsequences---whichcouldincludebeingdissolved.Beforethelawwasproposed,about7%ofboardmembersinNorwaywerefemale,accordingtotheCentreforCorporateDiversity.Thenumberhassincejumpedto36%.Thatisfarhigherthantheaverageof9%forbigcompaniesacrossEuropeorAmerica’s15%fortheFortune500.Norway’sstockexchangeanditsmainbusinesslobbyopposethelaw,asdomanybusinessmen."Iamagainstquotasforwomenormenasamatterofprinciple,"saysSverreMunck,headofinternationaloperationsatamediafirm."Boardmembersofpubliccompaniesshouldbechosensolelyonthebasisofmeritandexperience,"besays.Severalfirmshaveevengivenuptheirpublicstatusinordertoescapethenewlaw.Companieshavehadtorecruitabout1,000womeninfouryears.ManycomplainthatithasbeenDifficulttofindexperiencedcandidates.Becauseofthis,someofthebestwomenhavecollectedasmanyas25-35directorshipseach,andareknowninNorwegianbusinesscirclesasthe"goldenskirts".OnereasonforthescarcityisthattherearefairlyfewwomeninmanagementinNorwegiancompanies---theyoccupyaround15%ofseniorpositions.Ithasbeenparticularlyhardforfirmsintheoil,technologyandfinancialindustriestofindwomenwithaenoughexperience.Somepeopleworrythattheirrelativelackofexperiencemaykeepwomenquietonboards,andthatInturncouldmeanthatboardsmightbecomelessabletoholdmanagerstoaccount.RecenthistoryinNorway,however,suggeststhattherightwomencanmakestrongdirectors."Womenfeelmorecompelledthanmentodotheirhomework,"saysMsRekstenSkaugen,whowasvotedNorway’schairmanoftheyearfor2023,"andwecanaffordtoaskthehardquestions,becausewomenarenotalwaysexpectedtoknowtheanswers."41.TheauthormentionsIbsen’splayinthefirstparagraphinorderto.A.depictwomen’sdilemmaatworkB.explainthenewlypassedlawC.supportNorwegiangovernmentD.introducethetopicunderdiscussion42.Apubliccompanythatfailstoobeythenewlawcouldbeforcedto.A.payaheavyfineB.closedownitsbusinessC.changetoaprivatebusinessD.signadocumentpromisingtoact43.TowhichofthefollowingisSverreMunckmostlikelytoagree?A.Asetratioofwomeninaboardisunreasonable.B.Areasonablequotaforwomenatworkneedstobeset.C.Acommonprincipleshouldbefollowedbyallcompanies.D.Aninexperiencedbusinessmanisnotsubjecttothenewlaw.44.Theauthorattributesthephenomenonof"goldenskirts"to.A.thesmallnumberofqualifiedfemalesinmanagementB.theover-recruitmentoffemalemanagersinpubliccompaniesC.theadvantagewomenenjoywhencompetingforseniorpositionsD.thediscriminationtowardwomeninNorwegianbusinesscircles45.Themainideaofthepassagemightbe.A.femalepowerandliberationinNorwayB.thesignificanceofHenricIbsen’splayC.women’sstatusinNorwegianfirmsD.theconstitutionofboardmembersinNorwayPASSAGE2.Whilethere’sneveragoodagetogetcancer,peopleintheir20sand30scanfeelparticularlyisolated.Theaverageageofacancerpatientatdiagnosisis67.Childrenwithcanceroftenaretreatedatpediatric(小儿科旳)cancercenters,butyoungadultshaveatoughtimefindingpeers,oftensittingside-by-sideduringtreatmentswithpeoplewhocouldbetheirgrandparents.InhernewbookCrazySexyCancerTips,writerKrisCarrlooksatcancerfromtheperspectiveofayoungadultwhoconfrontsdeathjustasshe’sdiscoveringlife.Ms.Carrwas31whenshewasdiagnosedwithararefromofcancerthathadgeneratedtumorsonherliverandlungs.Ms.Carrreactedwiththenormalfeelingsofshockandsadness.Shecalledherparentsandstockeduponorganicfood,determinedtobecomea"full-timehealingaddict."Thenshepickedupthephoneandcalledeveryoneinheraddressbook,askingiftheyknewotheryoungwomenwithcancer.Theresultwasherownpersonal"cancerposse":arockconcerttourmanager,amodel,afashionmagazineeditor,acartoonistandaMTVcelebrity,tonameafew.Thisclubof"cancerbabes"offeredsupport,adviceandfashiontips,amongotherthings.Ms.CarrputhercancerexperienceinarecentLearningChanneldocumentary,andshehaswrittenapracticalguideabouthowshecoped.Cancerisn’tfunny,butMs.Carroftenis.Sheswears,shemakesupnamesforthepeoplewhotreather(Dr.FabulousandDr.Guru),andsheevenmakessecondsoundfun("cancerroadtrips,"shecallsthem).Sheleavesthemedicaladvicetodoctors,insteadofferinginsightfulandpracticaltipsthatreflecttheworldviewofayoungadult."Irefusedtoletcancerruinmyparty,"shewrites."Therearejusttoomanycoolthingstodoandplanandlivefor."Ms.Carrstillhascancer,butithasstoppedprogressing.Hercancertipsincludeusingtime-savingmasse-mailstokeepfriendsinformed,sewingorbuyingfashionablehospitalgownssoyou’renotstuckwithregulationblueorgrayandplayingGloriaGaynor’s"IWillSurvive"soloudyouneighborscallthepolice.Ms.Carralsoadvisesaneyebrowwaxandanewoutfitbeforeyoutelltheimportantpeopleinyourillness."peopleyoutellaregoingtocautiousandnotsocautiouslytrytoseethecancer,sodazzletheminsteadwithyourmiracle,"shewrites.Whileheradvicemaysoundsuperficial,itgetstotheheartofwhateverycancerpatientwants:thechancetolivelifejustasshealwaysdid,andmaybebetter.46.Whichofthefollowinggroupsismorevulnerabletocancer?A.Children.B.Peopleintheir20sand30s.C.Youngadults.D.Elderlypeople.47.AllofthefollowingstatementsaretrueEXCEPT_______.A.KrisCarrisafemalewriterB.KrisCarrismorethan31-year-old.C.KrisCarrworksinacancercenter.D.KrisCarrisveryoptimistic.48.Thephrase"cancerposse"(Line4,para.3)probablyrefersto________A.acancerresearchorganizationB.agroupofpeoplewhosufferfromcancerC.peoplewhohaverecoveredfromcancerD.peoplewhocopewithcancer49.KrisCarrmakeupnamesforthepeoplewhotreatherbecause________A.sheisdepressedandlikesswearingB.sheisfunnyandlikesplayingjokesondoctorC.shewantstoleavethemedicaladvicetodoctorD.shetriestoleaveagoodimpressionondoctor50.FromKrisCarr’scancertipswemayinferthat________A.shelearnedtousee-mailsaftershegotcancerB.shewearsfashionabledressevenaftersufferingfromcancerC.hospitalgownsforcancerpatientsareusuallynotinbrightcolorsD.theneighborsareveryfriendlywithcancerpatientsPASSAGE3。Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Shouldaleaderstrivetobelovedorfeared?Thisquestion,famouslyposedbyMachiavelli,liesattheheartofJosephNye’snewbook.Mr.Nye,aformerdeanoftheKennedySchoolofGovemmentatHarvardandone-timechairmanofAmerica’sNationalIntelligenceCouncil,isbestknownforpromotingtheideaof"softpower",basedonpersuasionandinfluence,asacounterpointto"hardpower",basedoncoercion(强迫)andforce.Havinganalyzedtheuseofsoftandhardpowerinpoliticsanddiplomacyinhispreviousbooks,Mr.Nyehasnowturnedhisattentiontotherelationshipbetweenpowerandleadership,inboththepoliticalandbusinessspheres.Machiavelli,henotes,concludedthat"oneoughttobebothfearedandloved,butasitisdifficultforthetwotogotogether,itismuchsafertobefearedthanloved."Inshort,hardpowerispreferabletosoftpower.Butmodemleadershiptheoristshavecometotheoppositeconclusion.Thecontextofleadershipischanging,theobserve,andthehistoricalemphasisonhardpowerisbecomingoutdated.Inmodemcompaniesanddemocracies,powerisincreasinglydiffusedandtraditionalhierarchies(等级制)arebeingundermined,makingsoftpowerevermoreimportant.Butthatdoesnotmeancoercionshouldnowtakeabackseattopersuasion.Mr.Nyeargues.Instead,headvocatesasynthesisofthesetwoviews.TheconclusionofThePowerstoLead,hissurveyofthetheoryofleadership,isthatacombinationofhardandsoftpower,whichhecalls”smartpower”,isthebestapproach.Thedominanttheoreticalmodelofleadershipatthemomentis,apparently,the“transformationalleadershippattern”.Anoneallergic(反感)tomanagementtermwillalreadyberunningfortheexit,butMr,Nyehasperformedavaluableserviceinroundingupandsummarizingthevariousacademicstudiesandtheoriesofleadcrishipintoasingle,slimvolume.Heexaminesdifferentapproachestoleadership,themoralityofleadershipandhowthewidercontextcandeterminetheeffcctivenessofaparticularleader.Thereareplcntyofanccdotesandexamples,bothhistoricalandcontemporary,politicalandcorporate.Alsa,leadershipisaslipperysubject,andashedepictsvarioustheories,evenMr.Nyeneverquitenailsthejellytothewall.Heisathismostinterestingwhendiscussingthemoralaspectsofleadershipinparticular,thequestionofwhetheritissometimesnecessaryforgoodleaderstolie-andheprovidesahelpful12-pointsummaryofhisconclusions.Arecumingthemeisthatascircumstanceschange,differentsortsofleadcrsarerequired;aleaderwhothrivesinoneenvironmentmaystruggleinanother,andviceversa.Ultimatelythatisjustafancywayofsayingthatleadcrshipoffersnocasyanswers.51.FromthefirsttwoparagraphswemaylearnthanMr.Machiavelli’sideaofhardpoweris______.A.wellacceptedbyJosephNyeB.veryinfluentialtillnowadaysC.basedonsoundtheoriesD.contrarytothatofmodemleadershiptheorists52.WhichofthefollowingmakessoftpowermoreimportanttodayaccordingtoMr.Nye?A.Coercioniswidespread.B.Moralityisdevalued.C.Powerisnolongerconcentrated.D.Traditionalhierarchiesarestrengthened53.InhisbookthePowerstolead,Mr.NyehasexminedallthefollowingaspectsofleadershipEXCEPT_____.A.authorityB.contextC.approachesD.morality’sbookisparticularlyvaluableinthatit_____.A.makeslittleuseofmanagementtermsB.summarizesvariousstudiesconciselyC.servesasanexitforleadershipresearchersD.setsamodelforcontemporarycorporateleaders55.Accordingtotheauthor,themostinterestingpartofMr.Nye’sbookliesinhis_____.A.viewofchangeableleadershipB.definitionofgoodleadershipC.summaryofleadershiphistoryD.discussionofmoralleadershipPASSAGE4Questions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Americansdon’tliketolosewars.Ofcourse,alotdependsonhowyoudefinejustwhatawaris.Thereareshootingwars-thekindthattestpatriotismandcourage-andthosearethekindatwhichtheU.Sexcels.Butotherstrugglestestthosequalitiestoo.WhatelsewastheGreatDepressionorthespaceraceortheconstructionoftherailroads?IfAmericanindulgeinabitofflag—whenthejobisdone,theyearnedit.Nowthereisasimilarchallenge.Globalwarming.Thesteadydeterioration(恶化)oftheveryclimateofthisveryplanetisbecomingawarofthefirstorder,andbyanymeasure,theU.S.producesnearlyaquarteroftheworld’sgreenhousegaseseachyearandhasstubbornlymadeitclearthatitdoesn’tintendtodoawholelotaboutit.Although174nationsapprovedtheadmittedlyflawedKyotoaccordstoreducecarbonlevels,theU.S.walkedawayfromthem.Therearevaguepromisesofmanufacturingfuelfromherbsorpoweringcarswithhydrogen.Butforacountrythattightlycitespatriotismasoneofitscorevalues,theU.S.istakingapassonwhatmightbethemostpatrioticstruggleofall.It’shardtoimagineabiggerfightthanoneforthesurvivalofacountry’scoastsandfarms,thehealthofitspeopleandstabilityofitseconomy.Therubis,ifthevastmajorityofpeopleincreasinglyagreethatclimatechangeisaglobalemergency,there’sfarlessagreementonhowtofixit.Industryoffersitspans,whichtoooftenwouldfixlittle.Environmentalistsoffertheirs,whichtoooftenamounttonativewishliststhatcouldweakenAmerican’sgrowth.Butlet’sassumethatthoseinterestedpartiesandotherswillalwaysbentthetableandwillalwaysdemandthattheirvoicesbeheardandthattheirneedsbeaddressed.Whatwouldanaggressive,ambitious,effectiveplanlooklike-onethatwouldleavetheU.S.bothenvironmentallysafeandeconomicallysound?Haltingclimatechangewillbefarharder.Oneofthemoreconservativeplansforaddressingtheproblemcallsforareductionof25billiontonsofcarbonemissionsoverthenext52year.Andyetbydevisingaconsistentstrategythatmixesandblendspragmatism(实用主义)withambition,theU.S.can,withoutmajordamagetotheeconomy,helphalttheworsteffectsofclimatechangeandensurethesurvivalofitswayoflifeforfuturegenerations.Moneywilldosomeofthework,butwhat’sneededmostiswill."I’mnotsayingthechallengeisn’talmostoverwhelming,"saysFredKrupp."ButthisisAmerica,andAmericahasrisentothesechallengesbefore."56.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?A.Humanwars.B.Economiccrisis.C.America’senvironmentalpolicies.D.Globalenvironmentingeneral.57.Fromthelastsentenceofparagraph2wemaylearnthatthesurvivalofacountry’scoastsandfarms,thehealthofitspeopleandthestabilityofitseconomyis__________.A.ofutmostimportanceB.afightnoonecanwinC.beyondpeople’simaginationD.alesssignificantissue58.Judgingfromthecontext,theword"rub"(Line1,Para.3)probablymeans_______.A.frictionB.contradictionC.conflictD.problem59.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardAmerica’spoliciesonglobalwarming?A.CriticalB.IndifferentC.SupportiveD.Compromising60.Theparagraphsimmediatelyfollowingthispassagewouldmostprobablydealwith___________.A.thenewbookwrittenbyFredKruppB.howAmericacanfightagainstglobalwarmingC.theharmfuleffectsofglobalwarmingD.howAmericacantideovereconomiccrisis翻译：Withthenation’sfinancialsystemteeteringonacliff.Thecompensationarrangementsforexecutivesofthebigbanksandotherfinancialfirmsarecomingundercloseexaminationagain.Bankers’excessiverisk-takingisasignificantcauseofthisfinancialcrisisandhascontinued,toothersinthepast,inthiscase,itwasfueledbylowinterest