华侨大学《大学英语》section a

NewHorizonCollegeEnglishBOOK4AUNIT3SectionALongingforaNewWelfareSystemAninsightintolifeofwelfareclientsinUSSuggestionstoimprovethepresentwelfaresystemSectionB

ABlindManHelpedMeSeetheBeautifulWorldGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfter-classTasks

After-readingActivitiesPre-readingActivitiesB4Unit3Pre-readingActivitiesSection1Warm-UpQuestionsWarming-upQuestions1.Whichpersonismorelikelytogetwelfareassistance?Why?ateenageworker,15yearsold,parentsdied,workinginasmallcoalmine

arubbishpicker,78yearsold,nolivingpartner,nochildren

achildbeggar,7yearsold,nochancetogotoschoolathree-year-oldchild,severelyill,nomoneyformedicaltreatment

amiddle-agedman,disabledwithbotharmsandlegs,stillearninghislifebyrepairingbicycles

asix-year-oldchild,disabledinwalking,beggingformoneyontheroadwelfareiscommonlyprovidedtothosewhoareunemployed,thosewithillnessordisability,thoseofoldage,thosewithdependentchildrenandtoveterans.Aperson'seligibilityforwelfaremayalsobeconstrainedbymeanstestingorotherconditions.2.Howcanwehelpthedisabled?Usethemoderntechnologies--assistivetechnologiestomakethelifeofthedisabledmucheasier.ChineseNationalHelp-the-disabledDay--thethirdSundayofMay.Offermorejobvacancies.Buildbarrier-freefacilitiesnationwide.Improvetheserviceindustriestowardsthehandicapped.Reformonthemedicalandreliefpoliciesandmakethemmorefavorableandpractical.IntheUnitedStates,theydonothavenationalidentificationcards.Instead,inthe1930s,theSocialSecurityAdministration(SSA)wascreated,andthefederalgovernmentmandatedthatalllegalresidentsandcitizensmusthaveavalidsocialsecuritycard.TheSocialSecurityAdministrationissuesthesenumberstoapplicantswhomeettheircriteria.

WelfareSysteminUSSocialSecurityCard

ASocialSecuritynumberisimportant,becausethefederalgovernmentusesittokeeptrackofhowmuchyouryearlywagesareandhowmuchtaxyouoweinfederalincometaxes.MoststatesrequireaSocialSecuritynumberwhenapplyingforadriver'slicense.ApplyingforstatepublicassistancesuchasFoodStamps,Medicaid,UnemploymentCompensation,TANIF(TemporaryAssistancetoNeedyFamilies)alsorequiresaSocialSecurityCard.FoodStampsTheSocialSecurityPayments

TheSocialSecuritypaymentstakenoutbythefederalgovernmentareplacedinaspecialfund(thatearnsinterest)topayoutSocialSecuritybenefitstothosewhoareretired,disabled,orwhoareasurvivingspouseorchild.TheyarealsousedtohelppaytheSocialSecurityAdministrationforadministeringtheirprograms.SocialSecurityBenefitsSocialSecurityDisabilityApersonmustbeexaminedbyamedicaldoctorandbeproventobedisabledtoreceivethisbenefit,whichincludessomespecialprogramsandhealthinsuranceunderMedicare.FamilyBenefitsIfaspousewasreceivingSocialSecuritybenefits,andpassesaway,thesurvivingspouseand/ordependentchildrenmaybeeligibleforsurvivor'sbenefits.SupplementalSecurityIncome(SSI).

Ifapersonearnsanextremelylowincome,theymayqualifyforaspecialprogramadministeredbySocialSecurityknownasSupplementalSecurityIncome(SSI).Eligibilityforthisfederallyfundedprogrammustbedetermined,andthenSSIwillbegiventothosewhohavedemonstratedneed.Itwasoriginallydesignedtohelptheaged(whoareover65),theblind,andthedisabledwhoareunabletoworkandwhoseincomeissolowthattheycannotmeetbasicneedsforfoodandshelter.Blindordisabledchildrencanalsoreceivethisbenefitinsomecases.OtherExamples:

UnderthecurrentU.S.welfaresystem,anunmarriedwomanwithnoincomecanhaveachildandreceiveanaverageofmorethan$3500ayearincashassistancefromtheAidtoFamilieswithDependentChildren(AFDC)program.ExistingProblems

TheUnitedStateshasthemostregressivesystemofwelfareforpoorpeopleamongdevelopednationsinthetwenty-firstcentury,andinrecentyearsithasbecomeevenmorepunitive.Theworld'sself-professedleadingdemocracylacksanationalhealthcarepolicy,auniversalrighttohealthcare,andacomprehensivefamilypolicy.Welfareapplicantsaresubjectedtopersonalintrusions,arcaneregulations,andconstantsurveillance,alldesignedtohumiliaterecipientsanddeterpotentialapplicants.11TextStudyWordsandExpressionsWritingHomeAssignmentTextStudySection2OrganizationI.StructureAnalysisPartPara.MainIdea11~_Generalimagesofwelfareclientsand

welfarecaseworkersunderthepresentsystem.2_~__Problemswiththepresentwelfaresystem.3__~__Suggestionstoimprovethepresentwelfaresystem.34141517Introduction+Problems+SuggestionsWelfareclientsarebelievedtocheatmoremoneyoutofthepresentwelfaresystem.(Para.1)

Generalimagesofwelfareclientsand

welfarecaseworkersunderthepresentsystemTherearewelfareclientswhochoosetolivealifeofcompletehonesty.(Para.2)Therelationshipbetweenwelfareclientsandcaseworkersistense.

(Para.3)

PartICaseworkerstrytoconvictwelfareclientofcheating.Oneexampleisoffered.

ProblemswiththepresentwelfaresystemWelfareclientsfinditextremelydifficulttohavetheirwheelchairsrepaired.Oneexampleisoffered.

If

welfareclientsmakemoney,theyhavetogothroughtheembarrassingsituationofbeingquestionedtoaccountforeverypenny.

Thewelfaresystemdoesnotencouragewelfareclientstoworktosupportthem-selvesandmakeagradualshiftawayfromwelfare.PartII(Paras.4-8)(Paras.9-12)(Para.13)(Para.14)

Thereneedstobelawyerstoprotecttherightsofwelfareclients.SuggestionstoimprovethepresentwelfaresystemWelfareclientsshouldtakestepstofightformorerightsforthemselves.

Anewsystemissuggestedtoencouragewelfareclientstodeveloptheirtalentsandsupportthemselves.PartIII(Para.15)(Para.16)(Para.17)II.Understanding1.Answerthefollowingquestions:1)Whatkindofpersonistheauthor?

handicapped;confinedtowheelchair;carryingaurinebageveryday;independent;self-respect;self-support;self-madecaseworkermedicalworkerwheelchairrepaircompanymainwelfareofficethehandicappedclient2)Howcouldthewriterpossiblygethiswheelchairrepaired?

It’sverydifficultforwelfareclientstoaskforextrafinancialhelp.3)Whatcanyouconcludefromtheprocedureofaskingforwheelchairrepairs?4)HowdoyoudescribeSuzanne?arrogant;suspicious;indifferent;careless;business-like;adetective2.Fillinthechartwiththeinformationgiveninthetext.TheCurrentWelfareSystemTheNewWelfareSystemwelfareclientswelfaregiverstheauthor’sopinionearnpartoralloftheirownlivings;developtheirtalentwithoutguiltorfear.encourageclientstowork/liveabetterlife/earntheirownlivings.Peoplewillthriveunderit.cheat;bleedthesystemforextramoney.seektoconvicttheclientsofcheating.Itcanbeeasilyabusedbythewelfaregiversaswellastheclients.III.SummaryLifeinawheelchairistough.Livingonwelfareisjustlikesharingadinnerofrawpetfood____thecat.Manywelfare_____donothavemoneyto___adecentlife.Asaresult,lyingandcheatingthe______systemfor_____moneybecomesnormal.However,someunusualindividuals,whohavemadeachoicetolivealifeofcomplete_______,dotellthetruthtocaseworkersand_______anyextraincometheymake.Beinghonest,however,isnotwithoutitsproblems.withclientslivewelfareextrahonestydeclare(Tobecontinued)Caseworkerswillgreatly________thefrequencyoftheirvisitsandleavebehindasmallmountainofpaperworkfortheclientto____out.Therulessaythatnotapennyistobe___________for.Notasinglegift,nomatterhowsmall,istobeunreported.Theserulesandthenaturalconsequentlyingunfortunatelytendtotransformcaseworkersfrombeinghelpersofthepoortobeing_________constantlysearchingforanyformsofcheating.increasefillunaccounteddetectivesIV.ReproductionStudentAactsasJohnCallahan,thewelfareclient,whileStudentBactsasSuzanne,thecaseworker.Role-playthesituation,usingasmanywordsandexpressionsinthetextaspossible.Asamplebeginning…StudentA:Goodmorning.ThisisJohnCallahan.MayIspeaktoSuzanne?StudentB:ThisisSuzannespeaking.Whatseemstobethetroubletoday,Mr.Callahan?StudentA:Mywheelchaircan’tstopproperly.Itneedsanewbrakethistime,I’mafraid.StudentB:ButMr.Callahan,it’sonlyaweeksinceyoulasthadyourchairrepaired.I’veheardthatyouputalotmoremilesonthatwheelchairthanaverage.DetailedReadingSection3Language1.Suppose(L1)I.WordStudy

tothinkprobable;tobelieveorguesse.g.A：Isupposeyou'llbegoingtothemeeting?B：Yes,Isupposeso/No,Idon'tsupposeso.2)toaccept…astrueforthesakeofargument;toconsider…asapossibilitye.g.Scientistssupposedthatlargedinosaurslivedinswamps.

(Let's)supposeweeachhad$100tospend.Whatshallwedo?

1.besupposedto

e.g.

Ihaven’tseenitmyself,butit’ssupposedtobeagreatmovie.

tobegenerallybelievedorexpectedtobeordosomething

Eatingtoo

muchfatiscommonlysupposedtocauseheartdisease.e.g.

Themeetingwassupposedtoendat4p.m.1.besupposedto

2)tobeexpectedorrequiredtodoortobesomethingaccordingtoarule,acustom,anarrangement,etc.UseitWhatareyousupposedtodoifyouwanttoleavetheclassroom?You’re

notsupposedtosmokehere.2.bleed(L2)vt./vi.vi.-tofeelsympatheticgrieforanguish

e.g.2)vt.-toobtainmoneyfrom,especiallybyimpropermeans.

bleed…for…idiomThewestisbleedingpoorcountriesdrythroughinterestpaymentsontheirdebts.Myheartbleedsforthevictimsoftheaircrash.

bleed…dry/white

把钱财榨干3.pension(L4)n./vt.Asumofmoneypaidregularlyasaretirementbenefit

e.g.2)toallowtoretire,ortodismiss,withapension

e.g.Noteveryonewantstobepensionedoffat65.Helivesonhispension.aretirementpension

退休金4.opt

vi.

(L6)tomakeachoiceTranslatione.g.e.g.Whenheleftschool,heoptedtogotocollegeandstudyforadegree,ratherthangettingajobstraightaway.很多学生选择继续深造。Manystudentsopt

tofurthertheirstudy.Mostpeopleoptforbuyingtheirownhousesratherthanrentingthem.5.todrumup(L.6)竭力争取；大力招揽,招徕，鼓吹记忆联想：原义为“击鼓召集人员”Todrumupone’sbusiness.招徕生意。Todrumuptheparty’spoliticalallegation.鼓吹本党派的政治主张。6.underthetable(L.8)私下，背地里Businessunderthetable.Opposite:公开地。Onthetable.7.yieldto(para2)stopresistingIyieldtoanimpulse.Thegovernmentrefusedtoyieldtothehostagetakers’(人质挟持者)file(L10)n.silhouette

asideviewofsomeone’shead

侧面像，侧影2)ashortdescriptionthatgivesimportantdetailsaboutaperson,agroupofpeople,oraplace.

人物简介，概况3)ahigh/lowprofile引人注目/低调collocationphotographhiminprofile

从侧面给他拍照writeaprofile

forhim给他写小传keepalowprofile

保持低调DNAprofilingDNA鉴定（forcrimeinspection）9.deepdown(L.11)在心底atthebottomofone’sheartCollocationswith“deep”:Deep-felt(gratitude):Deep-fried(foods):Deep-kiss:vt.Deep-rooted/deep-seated/deep-set.10.tomakefoolofsb.(L12)愚弄某人Similar:Makeagooseofsb.Makeahareofsb.Pullone’sleg.makeafoolofoneself出洋相

11.beentitledto

(L13)Everyone’s

entitledto

votewhentheyareabove18.e.g.TranslationKeytohavetherighttohaveordosomething你到65岁时，可以享受养老金。Youwillbeentitledto

apensionwhenyoureach65.WordFormen+名词e.g.enflameencircleencourageenchainencaseencageenroll

12.liberal(L14)n.

TranslationKey[C]someonewhoacceptsdifferentopinionsorwaysofbehavingHeregardedhimselfasaliberalandafriendofthepoorandblackpeople.他自认为是一个开明的人，是穷人和黑人的朋友。e.g.Translation

13.liberala.

willingtoacceptdifferentopinionsorwaysofbehavingWewerefortunateenoughtohaveaveryliberal

teacher.她的父母思想开明，让她拥有许多自由。Herparentsareveryliberal

andallowheralotoffreedom.同义词open-minded,enlightened,unprejudiced

14.liberala.2)givingortakinggenerouslyHe’sveryliberalwithpromisesbutmuchlesssowithmoney.TranslationKey

他承诺时很慷慨，但给钱时远非如此。IthinkSamistooliberalwithhiscriticism.

我认为萨姆太爱批评人了。15.certifyvt.

同根词certificate

n.证明(书)；结业证书certification

n.证明；鉴定tostatethatsomethingiscorrectortrue，especiallyaftersomekindoftestTheaccountswerecertified

correctbythefinancedepartment.Thedoctorcertifiedmeunfittogotoworkforthenextmonth.Iwascertifiedasateacherin2000.licensed16.togetthecheapestbid(L.41)拿到最低的报价Wehadhopedtogetthehousebutanothercouplewasbiddingagainstus.投标:Severalfirmshavebidforthecontracttobuildthenewconcerthall.

Thehousewenttothehighestbidder

Anyhigher/furtherbids？Bidfarewell/adieutosb.与某人道别Bidsb.goodmorning.向某人请早安17.alertvt.

e.g.1)tomakesomeonenoticesomethingimportantordangerous

Ananonymous(匿名的)letteralertedpolice

tothepossibilityofaterroristattackattheairport.Healerted

teacherstotheimportanceofobservingchildrenatplay.TranslationKey18.alerta.

2)payingattentiontowhatishappeningandreadytoreactifnecessaryPassengersshouldtrytostayalertatalltimesandreportanysuspiciouspackagestothepoliceimmediately.乘客应该尽量一直保持警觉，发现任何可疑的包裹都要立即向警方报告。Usagebealerttodo…Theauthoritiesshouldhavebeenalerttothepossibilityofinvasion.19.alertn.

UsageBeonthealert(for…)e.g.Beonthealertforthepickpocket.Youshouldbeonthealertwhenyoucrossthestreetinheavytraffic.Watchfulandpreparedfordanger,emergency,oropportunity

20.accountfor

tobeorgiveareasonforsomethingordoingsomethingTranslationHowdoyouaccountforlosingfivegamesinarow?Key你如何解释一连输了五场比赛呢？OtherPhrasesonaccountof…=becauseof,forthesakeofonnoaccount=undernocircumstances绝不=byoneself,onone’sownon(one’s)ownaccountThereneedstobealawyerwhocanactasachampionfortherights…ThereseemstobesomeproblemsCouldyoubequiet?Therehappenstobealecturegoingon.InasmalltowninGermanythereoncelivedapoorshoemaker.ThereremainsnothingmoretobedoneSuddenlythereenteredastrangefiguredressedallinblackChampion:n维护者AchampionforjusticeShewasachampionforthepoorallherlife.21.lendoneself/itselfto…tobeadaptabletosomething,tobeusefulfor…e.g.Thisroomdoesn'tlenditselftobrightcolors.TranslationAnysystemoftaxationlendsitselftomanipulationbycleverorunscrupulousmen.任何税收制度都有可能被那些狡猾诡诈的人或无耻之徒钻空子。22.thrivevi.

Newbusinessesthrive

inthisarea.ThreemanagershaveleftbecauseofthepressureofworkbutSimpsonseemstothriveonstress.tobecomeverysuccessfulorverystrongandhealthy

这地方新开张的生意都很兴隆。

由于工作的压力，已有三位经理离职了，但辛普森却在压力面前越做越好。TranslationKey22.thrivevi.

Amancanneverthrivewithawastefulwife.tobecomeverysuccessfulorverystrongandhealthye.g.Babiesthrivesontheirmothers’milk.妻子浪费无度，丈夫无法出头。Tobecontinued23.tobethecuetodosth.(L.26)是做某事的暗示Thestrongwindthatpuffsthetoweristhestorm’scuetocomeinthemountain,andthedarkcloudsthatoverwhelmthecastlemakeitabouttocollapse.24.tolendoneselftosth.…(L.56)放任自己去做……；同意参加……Onceone’slustlendsitselftoexpanding,itwillbecomeamonsterofhis/hersoul.Asaresultoftemptation,helenthimselftogambling.I.OldtoNew

experience,endureorsufferreplyrudelywarnsb.ofsth.dangerousgive(sb.)therighttodosth.difficultdeclaresb.guiltyofacrimewillingtounderstandandrespect

others’ideas,opinionsandfeelings

gothroughtalkbackalertentitlestickyconvictofliberal

rawchampionbrakepastemaidsticksth.tosth.elseorinaspecifiedplacenotprocessedorcookedsb.whohaswoninagame,competition,etc.afemaleservantadeviceforreducingthespeedofavehicleandbringingittoastop

MatchingGame福利救济对象收据填表(格)尴尬的局面/情形发挥某人的才干一份稳定的工作赔偿金welfareclientsreceiptfilloutaformanembarrassingsituationdevelopone’stalentsasteadyjobcompensationChinesetoEnglishStructures&PatternsSentencepatternsusedinthetextfor:1.

Typicalpatternsfordescriptionofinnerfeelingsorattitude.Typicalpatternsforassumption.Typicalpatternsforindicatingtheprecondition.社会工作者心里知道许多救济对象在欺骗他们，因此他们觉得，作为补偿，他们有权让救济对象向他们点头哈腰。

原句译文逆译练习Deepdown,caseworkersknowthattheyarebeingmadefoolsofbymanyoftheirclients,andtheyfeeltheyareentitledtohaveclientsbowtothemascompensation.SentencePatternIDeepdown,sb.knowthat…,and/buttheyfeelthat…

某人心里清楚······，所以／但又觉得······句式提炼应用提示用于表述“某人对事物的内心感受及态度”。

SentencePatternI典型例句意群提示他心里清楚大学学习对他意味着什么，所以他觉得没有理由虚度时光。

whatsth.holdforsb./thereisnoreasontodosth./idleawayone’stimeDeepdown,

heknowswhatthecollegestudywillholdforhim,andhefeelsthereisnoreasontoidleawayhistime.SentencePatternI我真想知道如果她突然摔坏臀部，不得不爬着去上班时，是什么感受。

原句译文逆译练习Iwonderwhatshe’dthinkifshesuddenlybrokeherhipandhadtocrawltowork.SentencePatternIISb.wonderwhatsb.elsewouldthinkif…

某人想知道，如果别人······时，是何感受。句式提炼应用提示用于希望“人换位思维”。

SentencePatternII典型例句意群提示我真想知道，如果一些大学生发现将来他们的孩子和他们现在一样痴迷网络游戏时，是何感受。findsb.asaddictedtosth.assb.else/onlinegamesIwonderwhatsomestudentswouldthinkiftheyweretofindtheirfuturechildasaddictedtoonlinegamesastheyarenow.SentencePatternII如何逐渐脱离福利照顾，这在法律条款中没有明确规定。原句译文逆译练习Thereisnoprovisioninthelawforagradualshiftawayfromwelfare.SentencePatternIIITherebe(no)provision(s)insth.forsth.else.

在······方面对······（没）有规定／（没）提供······句式提炼应用提示用于表述“事物的先决条件”。

SentencePatternIII典型例句意群提示书山有路勤为径；学海无涯苦作舟。themountainofbooks/asaccesstothetop/theoceanoflearningThereareprovisionsinthemountainofbooksforpaths,butwithdiligenceasaccesstothetop;whilethereisnoprovisionintheoceanoflearningforbounds,withhardworkasitsboat.SentencePatternIIIWRITINGSKILLSSuchwritingapproachesthetopicfromabriefdescriptionofphenomenatypicaloftheissueinquestion.FormorePatternofWritingThispart,asthemainbodyofwriting,servestoprobeintodeep-seatedproblemsbehindthephenomenaasmentionedabove.Asaconclusion,thewritingcomesupwithsomeconstructivesuggestionastowhatcanbedoneabouttheveryissue.PhenomenaProblems

behindthemSuggestionPatternofWritingExampleabridgedfromthetextTopic:

LongingforaNewWelfareSystemOutlines:

现行福利制度下的种种现象；现行福利制度的深层问题；作者的建议。[GRE作文题目]

IssueTopic

Someeducationalsystemsemphasizethedevelopmentofstudent’scapacityforreasoningandlogicalthinking,butstudentswouldbenefitmorefromaneducationthatalsotaughtthemtoexploretheirownemotions.

在GRE作文考试中，IssueTopicWriting是第一个task。历时45分钟，具体要求如下：

Presentyourperspectiveontheissuebelow,usingrelevantreasonsand/orexamplestosupportyourview.优秀范文[CET6-作文题目]

Directions：

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicofImmoralBehaviorinPublic.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:1.我们经常在公共场合见到各种不道德的行为，叙述你的一次相关经历。2.这些不文明行为会有哪些影响。3.我们应该怎样改善这种现象。

优秀范文[CET6-作文范文]

Towitnessimmoralbehaviorinpublic,oneneedonlyvisittheBeijingsubway.IstillrememberthefirsttimeItooktheBeijingsubway.Itwasanearlymorning.Iwasinahurrytogotoschool.WhenIwastryingtogetaticket,Ifoundalotofpeoplewaitinginfrontofme,butnobodywasintheline.Immoralbehaviorsinpublicinitiateaseriesofproblems.Oneofthemostseriousonesisthatitmayexertanegativeimpactonoursenseofsocialresponsibility.Wewillkeepignoringotherpeople’srightsandfeelings,andinturn,wetoowillbedisrespectedsomeday.

[CET6-作文范文]

Thereformofthisphenomenoniscertainlynoteasy.Withaneyeonpracticalimplementationandcosteffectiveness,Iproposethatsocietymakeitclearineverywaythatpeoplewhofailtorespectthecommongoodwillbeseriouslypunished.Stricterpoliciesforthisshouldbemadetocorrectthisphenomenonassoonaspossible.Weallexpect“AWorldwithoutThieves".Everyonesharesthehugeresponsibilityofdemonstratinghisorherjusticeatthepropertime.Personalresponsibilityisvitaltobuildaharmonioussocialistsociety.

YourtaskYouaresupposedtowriteashortessayonthetopicofShouldWestillCherishChineseTraditionalVirtues.Youshouldwriteatleast200wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow: