高考英语阅读题型之文章主旨大意题（课堂PPT）

走近高考1二、阅读理解技巧点拨归纳主旨要义这类题的题干中一般含有main/general/centralidea,topic,subject,mainly等字眼。2寻找主题句：(1)段落中出现转折时,该句很可能是主题句。

(2)作者有意识的反复重复的观点,通常是主旨;反复出现的词语,一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。3(3)首段出现疑问句时,对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨。(4)提出文章主旨时常伴有的文字提示有therefore,thus,but,however,infact,inshort等等。因此,这些词后的内容很可能就是文章主旨。4阅读

给文章选择一个恰当的标题(title)几乎是必考题。要正确选出标题，必须首先要理解文章大意，明确文章主旨。一篇文章必然会有一个主旨，最能体现主旨的就是主题句，主题句多半在首、尾段或各段的开头或结尾，少数情况下也在文中，甚至没有主题句，此时就需要我们归纳各自然段的意思，自己概括其主旨了。如何给文章选标题?技巧点拨5选择时，要仔细推敲各个选项，排除错误选项，缩小选择范围，从而选出最佳答案。错误选项有以下特征：⑴断章取义：虽含文中的某些单词，但不是文章所谈内容。⑵范围太窄：概括不全面，只是某个细节或某一部分的内容。⑶范围太宽：所表达的内容超出或多于文章阐述的内容。⑷无中生有：即文章中未提到，或找不到任何依据的信息。6真题演练

(A)(2010年揭阳)Valentine’sDayhasitsoriginsintheancientRomanfeastofLupercalia,ayearlyfestivalheldonFeb.15tohelpkeepdangerouswolvesawayfromtownspeopleandtheircrops.Ontheeveofthefestival,Feb.14,theyoungwomenofthetownwouldwritetheirnamesonsmallpiecesofpaper,puttheminajar,andeveryyoungmanwouldpickoutanameatrandom.7Thepairwouldthenbepartnersfortherestofthefestival.Itwas270B.C.whenSt.Valentinestoodforlove,afterRomanEmperorClaudiusIIforbadeRomansoldierstogetengagedormarried,believingthatmarriedmenwouldratherstayathomethangotowar.ThepriestnamedValentine,indefiance(对抗)ofClaudius’orders,secretlymarriedyoungcouples,andonFeb.14,waspunishedforhis“crime”,therebybecomingthepatronsaint(守护神)oflovers.8Besidesthisstory,therearesomeoldbeliefsaboutthisday:DuringtheMiddleAges,EuropeansbelievedthatbirdschosetheirmateseachyearonFeb.14.SomepeopleusedtobelievethatifawomansawarobinflyoverheadonValentine’sDay,itmeantshewouldmarryasailor;ifshesawasparrow,she’dmarryamillionaire.9Ifyoucutanappleinhalfandcounthowmanyseedsareinside,youwillknowhowmanychildrenyouwillhave.AndsomecharmingValentine’sDayCustoms.InWales,woodenlovespoonswerecarvedandgivenasgiftsonFeb.14.Heart,keysandkeyholeswerefavoritedecorations,whichmeant“youunlockmyheart!”10IntheMiddleAges,youngmenandwomendrewnamesfromabowltoseewhotheirvalentineswouldbe.They’dwearthesenamesontheirsleevesforoneweek—hencetheterm“towearyourheartonyoursleeve”.111.Accordingtothepassage,Valentinewasoriginallythenameofa____.A.lover B.priestC.ruler D.feast解析：B细节理解题。从第二段ThepriestnamedValentine,indefiance(对抗)ofClaudius’orders,可得出答案。122.TheRomanemperorforbadesoldierstogetmarriedbecausehethought___.A.marriedsoldiersarenotloyaltothecountryB.marriedsoldiersarelesswillingtofightC.therewasnotimeforsoldierstogetmarriedD.marriageisacrime解析：B细节理解题。从第二段believingthatmarriedmen…thangotowar.可得出答案。133.Whywasthepriestpunished?A.Hedidn’tjointhearmy.B.Hehelpedpeopleescapefrombeingsenttothebattlefield.C.Hemarriedcouplesdespitetheprohibitionfromtheruler.D.Heopenlydefiedtheruler’sordertoendhismarriage.解析：C细节理解题。从第二段ThepriestnamedValentine,…saint(守护神)oflovers.可得出答案。144.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Feb.14and15wereoriginallyatimeforfightingwolves.B.PeopleusedtobelievethatbirdschosematesonValentine‘sDay.C.PeoplebelievedthatthebirdstheysawonValentine’sDaypredictedwhatkindofpersontheywouldmarry.D.TheWelshusedtogiveoutwoodenspoonsonFeb.14.4.A细节理解题。根据文章第一句话,Feb.14不是atimeforfightingwolves。155.Ifyouwearyourheartonyoursleeve,you____.A.openlyexpressyourfeelingsoremotionstoothersB.hardlytakeyourfeelingsoremotionsveryseriouslyC.officiallyannouncethatyouhavebeenmarriedD.proudlyshowyourchoiceofsleevepattern

5.A推理判断题。根据最后一段可推知“将你的心戴在袖子上就意味着你向别人真情流露。”16[难句理解]Itwas270B.C.whenSt.Valentinestoodforlove,afterRomanEmperorClaudiusIIforbadeRomansoldierstogetengagedormarried,believingthatmarriedmenwouldratherstayathomethangotowar.结构分析：句中it指时间,when引导的是限制性定语从句,先行词是270B.C.,afterRomanEmperor...ormarried是该定语从句中的时间状语从句,believingthat...gotowar是分词短语作原因状语,其逻辑主语是RomanEmperorClaudiusII。17汉语大意：那是在公元前270年,圣瓦伦丁代表爱情的时候,之后罗马皇帝克劳迪亚斯二世禁止罗马士兵订婚或者结婚,他认为结了婚的男人会宁愿呆在家里,而不愿去打仗。18charming迷人的 valentine情人millionaire百万富翁decoration装饰atrandom任意地haveitsoriginsin起源于ontheeveof在……前夕getengaged订婚standfor代表bepunishedfor因……受到惩罚[助读词汇]19(B)(2008佛山二模)EarlieronduringmystayinChina,InotedasignificantlackofWesternholidays.Halloweencameandwentunnoticed.ThanksgivingpassedrightonbywithoutmuchmorethanacelebratorytriptoKFC.IthoughtImadeitthrough,freeandclear.BeinginChinaenabledmyavoidanceofoverspendingongifts.20DuringHalloweenIdidnotbuybigbagsofcandyandlatereatallofitmyselfafterrealizingthatchildrendonottrick-or-treatonmystreet.LifegottofeelingprettygoodwhenIrealizedIcouldskipalltheholidaypomp(盛况)andcircumstancebylivinginYongzhou,acityinHunanProvince.ButitallcamecrashingdownuponmewiththearrivalofChristmasandNewYear.21Forsomereason,theChineseignoremanyotherWesterntraditions,butcatchonfortheend-of-yearcelebrations.ThegrocerystoresputouttheirChristmastrees.PicturesofSantashowuponthewindowsofflowershops.Wealthierchildrenareseenwearingsomethingsimilartoalittleelf(小精灵)costume:stripedstockings,redshirts,greenskiers,andelf-likeshoeswithbellsonthem.22IntermsofChristmasandNewYears,amongmanyotherholidays,theentirecountryofAmericagoescrazywithholidayspirit.Therearedecorationsonstorewindowsandinsidelargesupermarkets.Thebiggestculturalfeature,Ithink,isthefatSantainlargestoresandshoppingmalls.“Santa”sitsinthemiddleofbigmallswhilechildrenlineuptositonhislap.“IwantabicycleforChristmas!”thechildrenwillsay,orsomethingelseequallyappropriate.23InthemiddleofabsorbingnewholidaytraditionsinChinaandmissingoldonesbackhome,Ifoundlittleimpresseduponmymemory.ThepartiesIattendedhadonlyafewmemorablemoments:littlegirlsdancingthechacha,companyleadersbadlysingingsongsKTVstyle，aguyperformingKungFuforasizablecrowd.24Admittedly,despitenotseeinganypartiesinpeople’shouses,IenjoyedwhatholidayentertainmentexistedinYongzhou.IthinkwhatIwillrememberthemost,however,iswalkingintoafancyhotelandseeingwomendressedinelfclothingandskinnyChinesemendressedinSantacostumes.256.Fromthepassagewecanknowthat___.A.peopleinChinadon’tcelebrateThanksgivingatallB.ChineseliketocelebrateHalloweeninKFCC.theauthorstaysinChinatoavoidspendingtoomuchinbuyinggiftsD.childreninChinadon’tcomeandasktheauthorforcandiesinHalloween6.D细节理解题。由第一段的“didnotbuybigbagsofcandya…trick-or-treatonmystreet”可知。267.Theauthor___.A.livesinYongzhoutoavoidfestivalcelebrationsB.feelslifeinYongzhouprettygoodbyenjoyingholidaycelebrationsC.can’tenjoythequietlifeanylongerwhenChristmasandNewYeararriveD.likesstayingingrandhotels7.C推理判断题。根据第一段的最后一句话可以推出,作者的平静生活被圣诞节的来临打断了。278.Accordingtothepassage,inChina___.A.ChristmasismorepopularthanmanyotherWesternholidaysB.SantaappearsingrocerystoresatChristmasC.allchildrenwearlovelycostumesforChristmasD.peoplecelebrateholidaysbyhavingpartiesintheirhouses8.A推理判断题。根据第二段的第一句话和第三段对圣诞节盛况的描述可以推出ChristmasismorepopularthanmanyotherWesternholidays。289.WhathappensatChristmasinAmerica?A.Peoplelosetheirmindwhenitarrives.B.Thewholenationcelebrateitbydecoratingstoresandsupermarkets.C.Santaisexpectedinlargestoresandshoppingmalls.D.Children