哈德森社会语言定量研究PPT

5.2.4Anexample:BelfastByJamesandLesleyMilroyinBelfastLesleyMilroy,wasacceptedasafriendbythegroupswhosespeechshestudied,whichmadeitunnecessarytousetheformalinterviewtechnique.Twoadvantages:1.Tostudygenuinelycasualspeechthatcanobservethespeakersinrelaxedspeech.2.Itopensnewandexcitingpossibilitiesforthetheoreticalinterpretationofsociolinguisticdata.Milroydecidednottotrytocoveracompletespectrumofthesocio-economicclasses,buttoexcludethisdimensionandconcentrateonthespeechofworking-classpeopleinBelfast.Thedifferencesinemploymentpatternsishighlyrelevanttospeechdifferences.Thefriendofafriend–awell-recognizedstatusinthiscommunity,whichconfersastatusalmostequivalenttothatofamemberoffamily.Buildingandmaintainingalargenumberoffriendshipsmakesheavydemandsonaresearcher’stimeandenergy.AsaresultofMilroy’sefforts,shebecameacceptedasafriendwhocould“dropin”atcertainhousesatanytime.Shemademanyrecordings,identifyingvariantsofapredeterminedlistofvariables,andcomparingtheirfrequenciesacrosstexts.Thesefindingscontributetotheinvestigationofthesocialnetworkstructureonspeech.

NetworkStrengthScore(Hudson：190）

NSSDensityMultiplexity5.2.5Anexample:CardiffResearcher:NikolasCouplandPlace:Cardiff,WalesQuestion:Dowespeakdifferentlytodifferentpeople?AccommodationTheoryAim:Totestthepredictionbyfindingasituationinwhichonepersonspoketoawidevarietyofpeople,ofdifferenttypesandspeakingindifferentways.Speakerchosen:Sue(anassistantinatravelagency)Aim:Totestthepredictionbyfindingasituationinwhichonepersonspoketoawidevarietyofpeople,ofdifferenttypesandspeakingindifferentways.Speakerchosen:Sue(anassistantinatravelagency)Procedure:1)AmicrophonewaslocatedinfrontofSue’spositionatthecounter.2)Couplandsatinacorneroftheshop,waitingtotalkwiththecustomerswhohavetalkedwithSue.3)ConversationbetweenSueandevercustomerwasrecorded.4)Couplandtoldthecustomerstheyhadbeenrecordedandaskedthemsomequestions(togettheiroccupationandeducationinformation).5)Produceusableamountsofdataonarangeoffrequentphonologicalvariablesbylumpingtogetherpeopleofsimilarsocialbackground.Result:1)TheresearchconfirmedAccommodationTheory(Giles,19792)Afewvariablesmightwellbesingledoutforaccommodation.Question:WasSueaccommodatinglinguisticallyorsocially?××××××SocialaccommodationLinguisticaccommodation5.2.6Anexample:DetroitResearcher:PenelopeEckertTimeandplace:intheearly1980satasecondaryschoolinthesuburbsofDetroitwhichshecalls“BeltenHigh”Question:whatsocialstructuresarerelevanttolanguageinthecommunity?

SampleJocksBurnoutsthe‘good’pupils,Identifywiththeschooldosporttakedrugssupporttheout-of-hoursactivitiesatschoolleavethepremisesassoonaspossiblegenerallyaccepttheschool’svaluesandculturerejecttheschool’scultureMostfriendsarewithinthesameclassofBeltenHighTheirliferevolvesaroundtheworldoutsideandmanyfriendsareoutsidetheschool.Thetwogroupsdressdifferently,behavedifferently,andfrequentdifferentpartsofschool.Researchapproach:theethnographicmethods

Theaim:notsimplytostudythethingseasilyobserved,buttounderstandtheunderlyingsystemofideas,valuesandsoon.Theimportanceofthisresearch

liesintheclearwayinwhichitshowsthed