大学英语实用阅读(上)

大学英语

实用阅读(上)CollegeEnglishReadingUnit5Text:

Fighting‘BigFat’SupplementaryReading:

Passage1It’sNottheCarbs,Stupid

Passage2AGeneThatSays,‘NoMore’Text:Fighting‘BigFat’Pre-ReadingQuestionsComprehension

(I.

II.

III.)VocabularyLearningTrytolearnthefollowingwordsIn-ClassDiscussionPost-ReadingQuestionsPre-ReadingQuestions1.Nowadays,weoftenhearpeoplearoundussaythattheyareonadietorlosingweight.Doyouthinkpeoplearegettingheavierandtheiroverweightiscreatinghealthproblemsforthem?Discusswhetherobesityisbecominganationalproblem.Whatmakesyouthinkso?Whathaveyoureadinthenationalpressthatsuggestsatrendisdevelopinginthisregard?2.Inyouropinion,isobesityanationalorsimplyapersonalhealthproblem?Explainyourreasons.Atwhatstagedoesobesitybecomeanationalhealthproblem?Discussthefactorsinvolvedwhenoverweightorobesityrisesbeyondapersonalhealthproblemandbecomesanationalsocialproblem.3.Whatarethepositiveconnectionsbetweenfastfoodandgainingweight?Arethese“positiveconnections”assimilatedbysurveysoraretheyonlypublicperceptions?Arethereanypersonal,individual,healthypositivesinfastfood?Weallwillgainsomeweightatvariousstagesinlife,becauseofchangesinourmetabolism.Whataretheacceptablestandardsorguidelinesforgainingweight?Doanyofthemincludefastfood?AreyoufamiliarwithGovernmentHealthyFoodStandardsorevenWHOGuidelines?

ComprehensionCheckingcomprehensionbygivingthebriefideaofthepassage:InU.S.,somepeoplesuchasdoctors,lawyers,preachersandmomsarefightingagainstjunkfoodwhichhasmadehugeamountof“fat”peopleinthecountryand,especially,hasbeendoinggreatharmtotheschoolchildren.Choosethebestexplanationtoeachofthesentencesfromthefollowingthreechoices.They’rechargingthatsomewherealongtheline,America’slongromancewithfastfood,sodaandjunkhasmorphedintoanabusiverelationship.(Para.2)a.TheychargethatAmericanpeople’slong-lastingfavorwithfastfoodhasbecomeamisuseofitsometimeduringthecourse.b.TheychargethatAmericanpeople’slong-lastinglovingoffastfoodhasbecomeamisuseofitsomewhereinthecountry.c.TheychargethatAmericanpeople’slong-lastingfavorwithfastfoodhasformedanabusiverelationship.Nowlawyersarefilingclass-actionlawsuitsagainstfast-foodmakers,chargingthatdeceptivemarketingpracticesencourageobesity.(Para.2)a.Nowlawyersarecollectingthedocumentsofagroupofpeopleinordertofightagainstfastfoodmakersforthebadresultthattheirmarketingpracticeshaveproduced.b.Nowlawyersarefilinglawsuitsofaparticularclassofpeopleagainstfast-foodmakersfortheirwrongmarketingpracticesthatareproducingobesity.c.Nowlawyersarefilinglawsuitsofpeopleingroupsagainstfast-foodmakerswiththechargethattheirmarketingpracticeshavemisledpeopleandhavemadeobesitymorelikelytodevelop.Fast-foodmakerscalltheobesitylawsuits“absurd,”andthejunk-foodindustryisbattlinganyeffortstocurbitssales.(Para.3)a.Fast-foodmakersthinkthattheobesitylawsuitisridiculousandthejunk-foodindustryismakingeffortstoincreaseitssales.b.Fast-foodmakersthinkthattheobesitylawsuitisridiculousandthejunk-foodindustryisfightingagainstanysocialforcesthataremakingtheireffortstolimititssales.c.Fast-foodmakersthinkthattheobesitylawsuitisnotreasonableandthejunk-foodindustryisfightingwithefforttoreduceitssales.Undeterred,LudwigbelievesthatrigorousscientificinquirywilldomoretoswaypublicopinionthanexpensivePRcampaigns.(Para.6)a.Withoutbeingscared,LudwigbelievesthataccuratescientificinvestigationwillplayamuchmoreimportantroleinaffectingpublicopinionthanPublicRelationscampaignswhichwillcostalotofmoney.b.Beingdiscouraged,LudwigbelievesthatseriousscientificresearchwillmakemorecontributioninchangingpublicopinionthanexpensivePublicRelationscampaignsdo.c.Notbeingpetrified,LudwigprefersthatcarefulscientificresearchratherthanexpensivePublicRelationscampaignsinpersuadingthepublictochangetheiropinions.LastyearKentucky’sLt.Gov.StephenHenry,whoisalsoaphysician,foundhimselfinabare-knuckledlegislativebattleafterhechampionedabillthatputminimumnutritionalstandardsonfoodssoldinschoolvendingmachines.(Para.9)a.LastyearKentucky’sLt.Gov.StephenHenry,whoisalsoaphysician,supportedabilltobediscussedinthelegislativeassembliesthatputminimumnutritionalstandardsonfoodssoldinschoolvendingmachines.Later,hefoundthatthatbillwascompletelydoomedtobedefeated.b.LastyearKentucky’sLt.Gov.StephenHenry,whoisalsoaphysician,foughtagainstabilltobediscussedinthelegislativeassembliesthatputminimumnutritionalstandardsonfoodssoldinschoolvendingmachines.Later,hewasdepressedthatthebillwascompletelytooweak.c.LastyearKentucky’sLt.Gov.StephenHenry,whoisalsoaphysician,proposedabilltothelegislativeassembliesthatputminimumnutritionalstandardsonfoodssoldinschoolvendingmachines.Later,hefoundhimselfinadilemma.Buttheirpresenceintheschoolsplacescorporateinterestsonacollisioncoursewithpublic-healthconcernsandpromptssomeratherunpalatablerationalizations.(Para.10)

a.Buttheirpresenceintheschoolsoffersacollaborativecoursethatthepublic-healthconcernsandproposessomeratherunfavorablemattersforconsideration.b.Buttheirpresenceintheschoolsbringssomebusinessinterestsbyofferingacollaborativecoursethatthepublic-healthconcernsbutbringssomeratherunfavorablemattersforconsideration.c.Buttheirpresenceinschoolmakestheircommercialbenefitsconflictwithpublic-healthconcernsandcausessomeratherunpleasantexplanations.Paraphrasethefollowingsentencesinyourownwordsbasedonyourunderstandingofthewholearticle.Butwiththesudden,dramaticup-tickinchildhoodobesity,itsblame-the-fatsoargumentisbeginningtohaveahollowring.(Para.4)Butwiththesudden,dramaticincreasingnumberinchildhoodobesity,theargumentwhichistoblamethebigfatpersonsisbeginningtomakenosense.“Fatkidsaretothejunk-foodindustrywhatsecondhandsmokewasinthewaragainsttobacco,”(Para.4)Fatkidsareoneofthebadresultsbroughtbythejunk-foodindustry,likewhatpeoplethoughtofsecondhandsmokeinthewaragainsttobacco.AnyonewiththerawintelligencetodecipheranutritionlabelmightcallLudwig’ssodastudycommonsense,butthepowerfulsoda-industrylobbywasoutragedthatitsproductswerebeingsingledoutforblame.(Para.6)AnypersonwhoisabletoreadanutritionlabelwouldprobablyregardLudwig’ssodastudyassomethingthateveryoneknows,butthesoda-industrybecameveryangrybecausetheirproductswerechosentobeblamed.They’repressingformonetarydamages,ofcourse,buttheyalsowantthecompaniestoputcigarette-stylewarninglabelsontheirfood.(Para.7)Theyarechargingfortheireconomiclossesofcourseandtheyalsowantthefast-foodcompaniestoputwarninglabelsontheirfoodjustaswhatthecigaretteproducersdoontheirproducts.Foreverykindergartnerchoosingwhole-wheatbreadinsteadofwhite,therearemanymorewhoeatlunchfromthecafeteriavendingmachines.(Para.9)Onlyasmallnumberofkidsinthekindergartenchoosewhole-wheatbreadinsteadofwhitewhileotherseattheirlunchfromthecafeteriavendingmachines.VocabularyLearning

Chooseamongthechoicesmarkedwitha,b,cordtheonethatisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedpartofeachofthesentencestakenoradaptedfromthearticle.Colbertisasoldierinagrowingarmyoflawyers,doctorsandotherwiseordinarycitizenswhoaretakingonthesprawlingandpowerfuljunk-foodindustry.a.assumingb.engagingc.fightingd.welcomingInthewaragainstjunkfood,theoverweightchildrencrowdedintoDr.DavidLudwig’sdrabwaitingroomcouldbeconsideredcollateraldamage.

a.additionalb.parallelc.moreimportantd.lessimportant

“Wedon’tthinkLudwig’sstudiesarelegitimate.”SaysNSDAspokesmanSeanMcBride.

a.unreasonableb.legislativec.populard.correctThejunk-foodtradeinschoolshasbecomesobriskthatstatelawmakersandpublic-healthdepartmentsaresteppingin.

a.dangerousb.energeticc.zestyd.overheatingIncensed,Henrybegantocanvasthestate,askingfor,andgetting,supportfromparentsandfellowphysicians.

d.deceiveAsmorestatesanddistrictstrytolimitkids’accesstojunk,thedebateovervendingmachines,whichhasbeensimmeringforyears,maybereachingaboilingpoint.

a.perseveringb.stashingc.cookingd.deliberatingShewasdemoralized.“Everyonewasexcitedaboutthemoneytheschoolmightget,”saysMyers.“Nooneaskedwhetherthiswasgoodforthechildren.”vokedTrytolearnthefollowingwords.

mobilizev.发动preachern.讲道者exhortv.力劝morphv.变换metabolismn.新陈代谢

closed-dooradj.绝密的curbv.制止

atherosclerosisn.动脉粥样硬化diabetesn.糖尿病

refutev.驳斥rigorousadj.严峻的

cholesteroln.胆固醇disclosev.透露knucklev.认输

jeopardizev.使受危险incensev.使发怒

swarmintov.蜂拥而入amputatev.切断

In-ClassDiscussion

Directions:Discussthefollowingquestionsasateamandpresenttheteam’sideainclass.1.Listtheadvantagesanddisadvantagestobea“fat”person?Considerthehealthrisks,theemploymentuncertainties,thesocialisolationandthepsychologicaldeteriorationofaperson’sselfesteemastheygetfatter.2.Whatwouldyousaytodefendfast-foodcultureifyouwereafast-foodmanufacturerorretailer?3.WhataretheadvantagestoacitylikeBeijinghavingsomanyKentuckyFriedChicken(KFC)andMcDonald’sestablished,withasuspectedtrendsetformoretobeestablished?DoforeignfastfoodenterprisesjeopardizetheChineserestaurantindustry?Post-ReadingQuestions1.TrytofindmoreinformationontheInternetaboutobesityandlistwhatbasicproceduresthatpeopleshouldtaketoloseweightwithoutfurtherharmtotheirhealth.2.Listtheculturaldifferencesbetweenbeing“fat”inChinaandAmerica?Arethenationaldifferencesbasedsimplyondietandsocialacceptability?AretheredifferentculturalperceptionsonwhatisconsideredfatbetweenthetwoSocieties?3.Ifobesitybecomesaserioussocialproblem,whatchangesshouldweexpectinourdailylife?Aretherenationalhealthstandardsorhealthinsuranceexpectationsthatwillimpactourdailyroutinesaswellasourdiet?SupplementaryReading1It’sNottheCarbs,StupidDirections:DecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsareTrue(T)orFalse(F)orNotMentioned(NM).1.[]WilliamBantingsuccessfullylosthisweightbydrinkingalargeamountofwineaccordingtotherequirementsofBantingism.

2.[]Itwastheobesitygenediscoveredhalfadecadeagowhichmadethemismatchbetweennatureandnurture.3.[]Scientistsbelievethathighleveloffatandfructosemaymessupyourbrainchemistry,asaresultofwhichyouwillnotstopeatingwhenyoushould.

FFT

4.[]Itisevidentthatfatandsugarcouldbehabit-formingforthosewhoeatthemconstantly.

5.[]Regularinjectionsofhormoneswillprobablyhelpcontroleatingandloseweight.

6.[]PeoplesupporttheideathatcarbohydratesarethechiefoffenderincausingtheexplosionofobesityintheUnitedStates.

TNMNM7.[]MichaelSchwartz,aPrincetonUniversitypsychologistrecentlydiscoveredthatanimalsthatusedtobefedwithhigh-sugardietbecame,whenthesugarwasremoved,anxious.8.[]Genetechnologyhasbeensupportiveinthesolutionofthesocialproblemofobesity.

FNMDirections:TranslatethefollowingsentencesinChinese.1.Bantingwasawell-meaningLondonundertakerwhogrewsofatinmiddleagethathecouldnotdescendastaircasefacefirst,forfearofbeingtoppledbyhiscopiouspaunch.(Para.1)

Banting是伦敦一位善良的殡葬工作人员，在中年的时候变得大腹便便，以至于下楼的时候为了不至于摔倒不敢脸朝前走。2.Otherresearchersarefindingevidencethatconstantexposuretofatandsugarcancausesomehumanstocravethemastheydoanaddictivedrug.APrincetonUniversitypsychologistrecentlyshowedthatratsfedahigh-sugardietwere,whenthesugarwasremoved,thrownintoastateofanxietysimilartothatseeninwithdrawalfrommorphineornicotine.(Para.5)

其他一些研究人员发现的有力证据证明，经常性食用脂肪和糖会使某些人对它们产生类似于对毒品的依赖。一名普林斯顿大学的心理学研究人员最近发现，喂食高含糖量食物的老鼠，在没有糖吃的时候，便会陷入一种与那些离开吗啡和尼古丁的老鼠相类似的焦虑状态。3.Whilescientificworkinthisarenaisinitsinfancy,it’salreadyclearthatvaryingtheamountoffatandothernutrientsinthedietaffectsbrainchemistrybyactivatingcertaingenes,andthisinturndire