高考冲刺英语模拟试题分项版解析专题21语法填空含解析

专题21语法填空2022年高考题【2022·全国I】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears___61___(long)thannon-runners.Youdon'thavetorunfastorforlong___62___(see)thebenefit.Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof___63___(die)earlybyrunning.Whilerunningregularlycann'tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit___64___(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglife___65___walking,cyclingorswimming.Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2022___66___showedamerefiveto10minutesAdayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall___67___(cause).Thebestexerciseisonethatyouenjoyandwilldo.Butotherwise…it'sprobablyrunning.Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisesto___68___(strength)yourlegmuscles(肌肉),avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.Runningischeap,easyandit'salways___69___(energy).Ifyouaretimepoor,youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsasothersports,soperhapsweshouldallgive___70___atry.【答案】61.longer62.tosee63.dying64.is65.than66.that\which67.causes68.strength69.energetic70.it\running【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了跑步的好处，它可以帮助人们延年益寿。63.考查动名词。你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重，但仍然通过跑步会减少早亡的风险。此处of是介词，其后用动名词。故填dying。64.考查动词的时态。医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里表达的是一个事实，故用一般现在时。故填is。65.考查比拟句型。跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。根据文章中的moreeffective可知此处填than。66.考查定语从句的关系词。此处astudy是先行词，其在定语从句中作主语，故填that或which。点睛：本文比拟难的一个题是10题。短语giveitatry不容易想出来。giveatry试试。Givesbsth；givesthtosb这些短语学生都很清楚。但give后加it或sth的形式，比拟少见。高考复习要尽可能多的复习相关的短语，尤其是用的比拟多，而课本中出现较少的短语。【2022·全国II】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。DietshavechangedinChina—andsotoohasitstopcrop.Since2022,thecountry___61___〔grow〕morecornthanrice.Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentover___62___past25years,whilericehasincreasedonly7percent.Atasteformeatis___63___(actual)behindthechange:Animportantpartofitscornisusedtofeedchickens,pigs,andcattle.Anotherreasonforcorn'srise:Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice___64___(improve)waterquality.Cornuseslesswater___65___riceandcreateslessfertilizer(化肥)runoff.Thisswitchhasdecreased___66___(pollute)inthecountry'smajorlakesandreservoirsandmadedrinkingwatersaferforpeople.AccordingtotheWorldBank,Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotal___67___(globe)fertilizerconsumption.TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2022—whenthegovernment___68___(start)asoil-testingprogram___69___givesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers-and2022,fertilizerusedroppedbymilliontons.Thatpreventedtheemission(排放)ofmilliontonsofcarbondioxide.China'sapproachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhile___70___(feed)itscitizens"offersusefullessonsforagricultureandfoodpolicymakersworldwide."saysthebank'sJuergenVoegele.【答案】61.hasgrown62.the63.actually64.toimprove65.than66.pollution67.global68.started69.that/which70.feeding【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文中讲述了中国为保护环境在农作物种植上做了一些变化并得到了世界上的知名认识的认可。63.考查副词。句意：对肉的需求实际上是这种变化的背后原因。句子结构完整，用副词修饰句子。故填actually。64.考查非谓语动词。句意：为了改善水质政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是大米。没有连词可以且谓语动词是encourages，故improve应该用非谓语动词。此处表示目的，故用不定式。故填toimprove。65.考查连词。句意：玉米比大米使用的水更少。根据关键词less可知，填比拟连词。故填than。66.考查词性转换。句意：这一转变减少了中国较大的湖泊和水库的污染，使人们的饮用水更加平安。hasdecreased后跟名词作宾语，故填pollution。67.考查词性转换。句意：中国约占全球化肥总消费量的30%。fertilizerconsumption是名词短语，故应该用形容词修饰。故填global。68.考查谓语动词。句意：在2022年政府开始了一项土壤测试工程。本句是when引导的定语从句，由于时间是2022年，故用过去时。故填started。69.考查定语从句关系词。根据空后的谓语动词gives可知，该空缺少主语，指代program并且引导后面的句子。指物用that/which，故填that或者which。70.考查省略句。句意：中国在养活了中国人民的同时又保护了环境。这一做法为全世界的农业和粮食政策制定人提供了很有用的经验。空格处表示正在进行的动作，while后面省略掉了Chinais，省略句的原那么：在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、，让步状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致且含有be动词时，那么可以把主语和be动词一块省略。故填feeding。点睛：学会分析句子成分。TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2022-whenthegovernmentstartedasoil-testingprogramwhich/thatgivesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers-and2022，fertilizerusedroppedbymilliontons.这句话中有两个定语从句。一个是关系副词when引导的定语从句，先行词是2022，thegovernment是主语，asoil-testingprogram是宾语，故此空缺少谓语动词，我们可以看出时态是一般过去时。另一个是关系代词指代program引导的定语从句，先行词是program，gives是第三人称谓语动词，可以看出是考查关系词。代指物并作主语，关系词要用that/which。【2022·全国III】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。I'mnotsure_____61_____ismorefrightened,meorthefemalegorilla(大猩猩〕thatsuddenlyappearsoutofnowhere.I'mwalkingonapathintheforestintheCentralAfricanRepublic.Unexpectedly,I'mface-to-facewiththegorilla,whobeginsscreamingat____62____topofherlungs.Thatmakesherbabyscream,andthena400-poundmaleappears.Hescreamsthe___63___(loud)ofall.Thenoiseshakesthetreesasthemalebeatshischestandchargestowardme.Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoid____64____(look)directlyintohiseyessohedoesn'tfeel____65____(challenge).MynameisMireyaMayor.I'ma___66___(science)whostudiesanimalssuchasapesandmonkeys.Iwassearching___67___thesethreewesternlowlandgorillasI'dbeenobserving.Noonehadseenthemforhours,andmycolleaguesandIwereworried.WhenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother,Iwasjustgladtofind____68____(they)alive.Truetoagorilla'sunaggressivenature,thehugeanimal____69____(mean)menorealharm.Hewasjustsaying:"I'mkingofthisforest,andhereisyourreminder!"Oncehismessagewasdelivered,heallowedme____70____(stay)andwatch.【答案】61.which62.the63.loudest64.looking65.challenged66.scientist67.for68.them69.meant70.tostay【解析】本文为记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在中非偶遇大猩猩，彼此惊恐的经历。64.考查动词。动词avoid后要加doing。此处表示防止直接看他的眼睛。用looking。65.考查非谓语。根据语境可知，此处表示不直视他的眼睛，他就不会感到被挑战性。feel为系动词，表示“被挑战〞，用过去分词challenged。66.考查名词。根据语境可知，我是一名科学家。scientist科学家。【点睛】此题考查固定搭配较多，其中第2,4,7，10都为固定搭配，对于这类题目我们需要熟练掌握动词的固定搭配以及介词短语。而此题的第一题那么考查从句，对于从句我们可以通过分析句子成分确定连接词的选择。如此题为宾语从句，宾语从句中缺主语，所以应该从连接代词who，whom，what，which，whose，再根据指人做主语可判断用which。【2022·浙江】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容〔1个单词〕或括号内单词的正确形式。FewpeopleIknowseemtohavemuchdesireortimetocook.MakingChinese___56___(dish)isseenasespeciallytroublesome.Manywesterners___57___cometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheap___58___canbetoeatout.Istillremember___59___(visit)afriendwho’dlivedhereforfiveyearsandI___60___(shock)whenIlearntshehadn’tcookedonceinallthattime.Whileregularlyeatingoutseemsto___61___(become)commonformanyyoungpeopleinrecentyears,it’snotwithoutacost.Theobviousoneismoney;eatingoutonceortwiceaweekmaybe___62___(afford)butdoingthismostdaysaddsup.Therecouldbeaneven___63___(high)costonyourhealth.Researchershavefoundthatthereisadirectlinkbetweentheincreaseinfoodeatenoutsidethehomeandtherisein___64___(weigh)problems.Ifyouarenotgoingtosufferthisproblem,thenIsuggestthatthenexttimeyougotoyourmum’shome___65___dinner,getafewcookingtipsfromher.Cookingfoodcanbefun.Youmightalsobegintonoticetheeffectsnotonlyonyourhealthbutinyourpocket.【答案】56.dishes57.who/that58.it59.visiting60.wasshocked61.havebecome62.affordable63.higher64.weight65.for【解析】作者描述了人们喜欢在外面吃饭的现象，分析了其对身体和花费的不良影响，建议我们在家做饭。56.考查名词。此处指中国菜，表示泛指应该用名词复数，故填dishes。57.考查关系代词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是westerners指人，在定语从句中做主语，用关系代词who/that引导，故填who/that。60.考查形容词。此处表示我感到很震惊。shock的主语是I,用形容词和系动词组成系表结构，表示过去发生的事，系动词用过去式。故填wasshocked。61.考查动词时态。根据时间状语inrecentyears可知用现在完成时，seemsto后用动词原形，故填havebecome。62.考查形容词。此处表示一周一两次外出吃饭是负担得起的，系动词be后用形容词作表语，表示“负担得起的〞故填affordable。63.考查形容词比拟级。此处修饰名词cost用形容词，由even表示程度修饰比拟级，故填higher。64.考查名词。此处指体重问题，用名词修饰problems，故填weight。65.考查介词。表示去母亲家去吃饭，表示目的用介词for，故填for。2022年高考题语法填空[2022·全国卷Ⅰ]阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Therehasbeenarecenttrendinthefoodserviceindustrytowardslowerfatcontentandlesssalt.Thistrend,whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunity(医学界)amethodoffightingheartdisease,hashadsomeunintendedside(effect)suchasoverweightandheartdisease—theverythingthemedicalcommunitywastryingtofight.Fatandsaltareveryimportantpartsofadiet.Theyarerequired(process)thefoodthatweeat,torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.Whenfatandsalt(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.Asresult,peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.Even(bad),theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.Fastfood(be)fulloffatandsalt;by(eat)morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.Havingenoughfatandsaltinyourmealswillreducetheurgetosnack(吃点心)betweenmealsandwillimprovethetasteofyourfood.However,be(care)nottogotoextremes.Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth,isnotgoodforthehealth.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了对于食物中的脂肪和盐分，人们的态度不一。脂肪和盐分对于健康来说是必不可少的，但如果人们摄入过多的脂肪和盐分，自身的健康将会受到损害。61.as考查介词。这个做法最初是医学界作为一种对抗心脏病的形式开始的。as表示“作为〞，故填as。62.effects考查名词复数。分析语境可知作者表达的意思是“一些意料之外的副作用〞，根据前文的some可知副作用有很多，故填effects。66.worse考查比拟级。更糟糕的是，人们所吃的快餐的数量增加了。故填worse。67.is考查主谓一致。fastfood的意思是“快餐〞，表示一类食物，为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填is。68.eating考查动名词。根据前文中的by可知此处应该填eat的动名词形式。故填eating。69.careful考查形容词。分析语境可知be后面应该用形容词作表语，故填careful。70.which考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知whichisnotgoodforthehealth为非限制性定语从句，先行词为前文中的tohavetoomuchofboth，即“摄入过多的脂肪和盐〞。故填which。【名师点睛】语法填空题的考查形式为：在一篇200词左右的语篇〔短文或对话〕中留出10处空白，局部空白的后面给出单词的根本形式，要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容或所提供单词的正确形式，所填写词语不得多于3个单词。考生须灵活运用语法知识，如单词词性、单词时态、名词单复数、连接词、代词、冠词等判断各空白处应填写的内容。具体考查形式有以下几种：一、给出动词根本形态，填写词性词形转化(转为名词、形容词)，或填写谓语局部，可能需要填写两个或三个词，或是填写非谓语动词；二、给出形容词，需要填写比拟级、最高级，或词性词形转化，转化为副词，或是填写反义词(前缀)；三、给出副词，填写比拟级、最高级，或是填写反义词；四、不给提示词，主要填写介词、连词、冠词和代词。有提示词：考查谓语动词，非谓语动词，形容词，副词例如第62题hashadsomeunintendedside62(effect)suchasoverweightandheartdisease，给出了提示词effect。考生可以从词性变化和单复数两方面考虑，effect可变为形容词effective，变为副词effectively，分析语境可知划线处应该填名词，不需要做词性上的变化。所以考生可以从单复数方面考虑，根据划线处前的some可知应该填名词的复数形式。所以考生可以确定正确答案为effects。无提示词：考查冠词，介词，连词，代词 例如第70题itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth,70isnotgoodforthehealth.结合语境可知作者要表达“很可能摄入过多的脂肪和盐，那对健康没有好处〞的意思。分析可知whichisnotgoodforthehealth为非限制性定语从句，先行词为前文中的havetoomuchofboth“摄入过多的脂肪和盐〞，所以填which。[2022·全国卷Ⅱ]阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。In1863thefirstundergroundpassengerrailwayintheworldopenedinLondon.Itranforjustundersevenkilometresandallowedpeopletoavoidterrible(crowd)ontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoandwork.Ittookthreeyearstocompleteandwasbuiltusinganinterestingmethod.Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,(lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofovertop.Whenallthosehadbeendone,theroadsurfacewasreplaced.Steamengines(use)topullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeen(fair)unpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.However,therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccessandwithinsixmonths,morethan25，000peoplewereusingeveryday.Later,engineers(manage)toconstructrailwaysinasystemofdeeptunnels(隧道),whichbecameknownastheTube.Thisdevelopmentwasonlypossiblewiththe(introduce)ofelectric­poweredenginesandlifts.TheCentralLondonRailwaywasoneofthemost(success)ofthesenewlines,andwasopenedin1900.Ithadwhite­paintedtunnelsandbrightredcarriages,andprovedextremelypopularwiththepublic.[文章大意]本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了地铁的最初开展史。61.crowds考查名词复数。伦敦人口众多，导致路面交通拥堵，于是修建地铁。用crowds这一复数形式，表示不断涌现的人群，用来形容人口稠密。62.from考查介词。与前面的介词to一起来表示上下班(toandfromwork)。63.laying考查非谓语动词。此处用lay的动名词形式laying与前面的digging形成并列。该词填空难度较大，假设考生未辨明lie—lying/lay/lain和lay—laying/laid/laid等特殊词形变化会导致错误。64.the考查冠词。此处特指铁轨上方的顶部工程。70.successful考查形容词。形容词与定冠词连用，相当于名词，由于该词后有介词of结构，故只能用形容词。【名师点睛】在语法填空中，我们要特别注意词性转换题。如本文的【小题69】，横线前是冠词the，所以横线上要使用名词introduction。【小题66】，在英语中，副词通常做状语修饰形容词、副词或动词，形容词通常在句中做定语或表语修饰名词。所以本句中使用副词fairly作状语修饰形容词pleasant。词类转换题要先确定所要填的单词在句中的成分。技巧1：作表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词形式。技巧2：作主语，或在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用名词形式。技巧3：修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。技巧4：括号中所给词为动词时，也不一定是考动词的时态语态或非谓语动词，

有可能考词类转换；假设是形容词或副词，有可能考查其比拟级或最高级。技巧5：词义转换题。词类不一定要变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un-,

im-，il-,

ir-，in-,

non-,

dis-等，在词根后加-less等。

考点：考查语法填空[2022·全国卷Ⅲ]阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Shelookslikeanyotherschoolgirl,fresh­facedandfulloflife.SarahThomasislookingforwardtothechallengeofhernewA­levelcourse.Butunlikeherschoolfriends,16­year­oldSarahisnotspendinghalf­term(rest).Instead,sheisearning￡6，500adayasmodelinNewYork.Sarah(tell)thatshecouldbeBritain'snewsupermodel,earningamilliondollarsinthenextyear.HerfatherPeter,44，wantshertogiveupschooltomodelfull­time.ButSarah,hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wants(prove)thatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.Sheisdeterminedtocarryonwithher(educate)．Shehasturneddownseveral(invitation)tostaratshowsinordertoconcentrateonherstudies.Afterschoolsheplanstotakeayearofftomodelfull­timebeforegoingtouniversitytogetadegreeengineeringorarchitecture.Sarahsays,“MydadthinksIshouldtaketheoffernow.Butatthemoment,school(come)first.Idon'twanttogettooabsorbedinmodelling.Itis(certain)funbutthelifestyleisalittleunreal.Idon'twanttohavenothingelsetofallbackonwhenIcan'tmodelanymore.〞【文章大意】文章介绍了纽约市16岁的高中女孩萨拉，她不仅学习成绩好，长得漂亮，而且是一名收入不菲的时装模特。她爸爸希望她退学专门从事模特行业，但是她以学业为重，坚持学业和工作两不误。61.resting考查非谓语动词。spend…(in)doingsth是固定句式，意为“花……做某事〞。62.a考查冠词。根据句意和语境可知，萨拉只是纽约众多模特中的一个，是泛指；而且model的第一个音素是辅音音素，故用不定冠词a。65.toprove考查动词不定式。wanttodosth为固定搭配，故用动词不定式。66.education考查名词。前面是形容词性物主代词her，故用名词形式。67.invitations考查名词复数。根据句意“她拒绝了几个邀请〞可知，此处需要填名词，而且invitation是可数名词，前面有several修饰，故用复数形式。68.in考查介词。getadegreein是固定搭配，意为“在……方面获得学位〞。69.comes考查动词的时态。根据atthemoment可知这个句子应用一般现在时，而且主语是单数，故用comes。70.certainly考查副词。certainly在此处修饰形容词fun。【名师点睛】语法填空要求考生阅读一篇短文，然后按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求完成10道语法填空题。做题要求：一是在空格处填入适当的词；二是使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。纯空格题一般要填冠词、介词、连词、代词等，如果是物主代词，那么空后需跟名词，比方66题。而有提示词的需要根据语境，分析句子结构，判断所填词的词性，再确定所填词的形式。例如67题，several是修饰复数名词的词，所以判断后面用名词的复数形式。[2022·浙江卷6月考]阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。LastOctober,whiletendinghergardeninMora,Sweden,LenaPahlssonpulledoutahandfulofsmall(carrot)andwasabouttothrowthemaway.Butsomethingmadeherlookcloser,andshenoticeda(shine)object.Yes,therebeneaththeleafytopofonetinycarrotwasherlong­lostweddingring.Pahlssonscreamedloudlythatherdaughtercamerunningfromthehouse.“ShethoughtIhadhurt(I)，〞saysPahlsson.Sixteenyears(early),Pahlssonhadremovedthediamondring(cook)ameal.Whenshewantedtoputtheringbackonlater,itwasgone.Shesuspectedthatoneofherthreedaughters—thenten,eight,andsix—hadpickeditup,butthegirlssaidtheyhadn't.Pahlssonandherhusband(search)thekitchen,checkingeverycorner,butturnedupnothing.“Igaveuphopeoffindingmyringagain，〞shesays.Sheneverreplacedit.Pahlssonandherhusbandnowthinktheringprobablygot(sweep)intoapileofkitchenrubbishandwasspreadoverthegarden,itremaineduntilthecarrot'sleafytopaccidentallysprouted(生长)throughit.ForPahlsson,itsreturnwaswonder.【文章大意】本文是一那么小故事，主要讲述了LenaPahlsson在16年前丧失了结婚戒指，现在失而复得的故事。60.earlier考查比拟级。此处语意表示“16年前〞，故填earlier。【名师点睛】在语法填空中，我们要特别注意词性转换题。如本文的57题，“shenoticeda57(shine)object〞，句中a为冠词，object为名词，横线处应填写形容词。故填shiny或shining。词类转换题要先确定所要填的单词在句中的成分。技巧1：作表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词形式。技巧2：作主语，或在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用名词形式。技巧3：修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。技巧4：括号中所给词为动词时，也不一定是考动词的时态语态或非谓语动词，

有可能考词类转换；假设是形容词或副词，有可能考查其比拟级或最高级。技巧5：词义转换题。词类不一定要变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un-,

im-，il-,

ir-，in-,

non-,

dis-等，在词根后加-less等。

考点：考查语法填空2022年高考题1.【2022·全国新课标I】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容〔1个单词〕或括号内单词的正确形式。Chengduhasdozensofnewmillionaires,Asia’sbiggestbuilding,andfancynewhotels.Butfortouristslikeme,pandasareitstop____61_(attract).Soitwasagreathonourtobeinvitedbackstageatthenot-for-profitPandaBase,whereticketmoneyhelpspayforresearch,I_____62_〔allow〕togetupclosetothesecuteanimalsatthe600-acrecentre.Fromtomorrow,IwillbetheirUKambassador.Thetitlewillbe__63___(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.Butmyconnectionwithpandasgoesback____64__mydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,____65_IwasthefirstWesternTVreporter__66___(permit)tofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.Myambassadorialdutieswillinclude____67_(introduce)Britishvisitorstothe120-pluspandasatChengduandothersataresearchinthemistymountainsofBifengxia.Onmyrecentvisit,Ihelpalivelythree-month-oldtwinthathadbeenrejectedby_____68_(it)mother.Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfew__69__(day)withhissistersothatwhileoneisbeingbottle-fed,__70____otheriswithmum-sheneversuspects.【答案】61.roducing68.its69.days70.the【解析】试题分析：本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者作为特邀人员在四川成都的大熊猫基地的所见所闻。67.introducing考查动名词。介词后面应该用动名词形式。68.its考查代词。修饰名词用形容词性的物主代词，故填its。69.days考查名词复数。Few修饰复数名词。【归纳总结】修饰复数名词的词和短语包括：many,few,afew,several,anumberof,hundredsof等。修饰不可数名词的词和短语包括：much,alittle,little,abitof等。既能修饰复数名词又能修饰不可数名词的词和短语包括：more,such,plentyof,alotof,lotsof,aquantityof,quantitiesof等。70.the考查冠词。固定短语：one…theother“一个……另一个〞。考点：语法填空【归纳总结】语法填空题的考查范围：动词〔时态、语态、主谓一致、非谓语形式〕、名词、代词、冠词、介词、数词，连词，固定搭配、情态动词、复合句、形容词和副词的比拟级最高级及构词法、倒装、虚拟语气，省略、强调等。如：63题是考查副词；68题考查代词；69题考查名词复数；70题考查冠词等。解题策略：1.略读理解—分析填空—连贯检查〔语法正确、语意连贯、拼写正确、书写标准、大小写准确〕2.了解语法、词法、句法、章法和惯用法。2.【2022·全国新课标II】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容〔1个单词〕或括号内单词的正确形式。Ifyoufeelstressedbyresponsibilitiesatwork,youshouldtakeastepbackandidentify(识别)thoseof41(great)andlessimportance.Then,handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyou’llfeelarealsenseof42(achieve).Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow43(be)oftenacceptable.Mostofusaremorefocused44ourtasksinthemorningthanwearelaterintheday.So,getanearlystartandtrytobeasproductive45possiblebeforelunch.Thiswillgiveyoutheconfidenceyouneedtogetyouthroughtheafternoonandgohomefeelingaccomplished.Recent46(study)showthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaks47(regular).Giveyourbodyandbrainarestbysteppingoutsidefor48while,exercising,ordongsomethingyouenjoy.Ifyoufindsomethingyoulovedoingoutsideoftheoffice,you’llbelesslikely49(bring)yourworkhome.Itcouldbeanything-gardening,cooking,music,sports—butwhateveritis,50(make)sureit’sarelieffromdailystressratherthananotherthingtoworryabout.【答案】41.greater42.achievement43.is44.on45.as46.studies47.regularly48.a49.tobring50.make【解析】试题分析：本文属于说明，告诉我们当工作压力太大的时候，应该怎么做来合理释放压力。考查固定搭配。形容词短语befocusedon集中于....；很多人早晨对任务的注意力要比晚些时候的注意力更集中。考查固定搭配。短语as...as....和...一样；正是因为人们早晨的注意力更为集中，所以我们要早起，要和午饭之前一样的高效率。考查名词单复数。本句的谓语动词是show，说明主语是复数名词studies。考查副词。在英语副词通常做状语修饰形容词、副词或动词，形容词通常在句中做定语或表语修饰名词。所以本句中使用副词regularly做状语修饰动词takeshortbreaks。【名师点睛】在语法填空中，我们要特别注意词性转换题。如本文的【小题42】，横线前面有介词of，横线上要使用名词achievement作为of的宾语。【小题47】，在英语副词通常做状语修饰形容词、副词或动词，形容词通常在句中做定语或表语修饰名词。所以本句中使用副词regularly做状语修饰动词takeshortbreaks。词类转换题要先确定所要填的单词在句中的成分。技巧1：作表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词形式。技巧2：作主语，或在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用名词形式。技巧3：修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。技巧4：括号中所给词为动词时，也不一定是考动词的时态语态或非谓语动词，

有可能考词类转换；假设是形容词或副词，有可能考查其比拟级或最高级。技巧5：词义转换题。词类不一定要变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un-,

im-，il-,

ir-，in-,

non-,

dis-等，在词根后加-less等。

考点：考查语法填空3.【2022·全国新课标III】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容〔1个单词〕或括号内单词的正确形式。InmuchofAsia,especiallytheso-called＂ricebowl＂culturesofChina,Japan,Korea,41Vietnam,foodisusuallyeatenwithchopsticks.TheChinesehaveusedchopsticksforfivethousandyears.Peopleprobablycookedtheirfoodinlargepots,44(use)twigs(树枝)toremoveit.Overtime,45thepopulationgrew,peoplebegancuttingfoodintosmallpiecessoitwouldcookmorequickly.Foodinsmallpiecescouldbeeateneasilywithtwigswhich46(gradual)turnedintochopsticks.SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,47livedfromroughly551to479.,influencedthe48(develop)ofchopsticks.Confuciusbelievedkniveswouldremindpeopleofkillingsand49(be)tooviolentforuseatthetable.ChopsticksarenotusedeverywhereinAsia.InIndia,forexample,mostpeopletraditionallyeat50theirhands.【答案】41.and42.bemade43.tocreate44.using45.as/when46.gradually47.who48.development49.were50.with【解析】试题分析：此题主要考查词法和句法知识，集中考查了词性转换，并列句，定语从句，状语从句和非谓语动词等语法知识。考查现在分词作伴随状语。人们可能使用大锅煮食物，用树枝把锅移开，use的逻辑主语是people，两者是主动关系，用现在分词表示伴随状况，故填using。when考查时间状语从句。句意：随着人口的增长，人们开始把食物切成小块，这样可以煮得快一点，这里是时间状语从句，when意为“当……时候〞，后跟长动作或短动作，故填as／when。考查副词。副词修饰动词或形容词，这里修饰动词短语turnedinto，应该用副词，故填gradually。47.who考查非限制性定语从句。剧中有逗号，说明是非限制性定语从句，先行词是Confucius孔子，定语从句缺少主语，且指人，故填who。考点：名词；介词；副词；并列连词；非谓语动词；定语从句；状语从句。【名师点睛】语法填空的解题技巧语法填空是通过语篇在语境中考查语法知识的运用能力。我们在解题前应快速浏览短文掌握大意，有把握的空格可以进行填写。在读懂的根底上，再结合短文提供的特定的语言环境去逐句分析逐题解答。按题型设计分三种情况：1.纯空格试题的解题技巧首先分析句子结构，根据所缺成分确定哪类词。然后根据句子意思，确定具体填什么词，或根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。比方第41空，45空，47空和50空，41空考查并列连词，45空考查时间状语从句，47空考查非限制性定语从句，50空考查介词。2.给出了动词的试题解题技巧首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。假设句子没有别的谓语动词或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系，所给动词就是谓语动词，假设是谓语动词就要考虑时态和语态；假设句子有谓语动词那么用非谓语动词〔动词不定式、现在分词、动名词和过去分词〕。比方42空，43空和49空，给的是动词，根据句意可知42空是动词词组，43空是不定式表目的，49空是并列的谓语。3.词汇转换题解题技巧这类题主要考查名词、形容词和副词。根据所给词在句中所做句子成分确定用哪种形式。比方46空和48空，分别考查动词转换为名词和形容词转换为副词。4.【2022·上海】(B)Stress:GoodorBad?Stressusedtobeanalmostunknownword,butnowthatweareusedtotalkingaboutit,Ihavefoundthatpeoplearebeginningtogetstressedaboutbeingstressed.Inrecentyears,stress(33)______(regard)asacauseofawholerangeofmedicalproblems,fromhighbloodpressuretomentalillness.Butlikesomanyotherthings,itisonlytoomuchstress(34)______doesyouharm.Itistimeyouconsideredthatiftherewerenostressinyourlife,youwouldachievealittle.Ifyouarestuckathomewithnostress,thenyourlevelofperformancewillbelow.Uptoacertainpoint,themorestressyouareunder,the(35)_____(good)yourperformancewillbe.Beyondacertainpoint,though,furtherstresswillonlyleadtoexhaustion,illnessandfinallyabreakdown.Youcantellwhenyouareoverthetopandonthedownwardslope,byaskingyourself(36)_______numberofquestions.Doyou,forinstance,feelthattoomuchisbeingexpectedof(37)______,andyetfinditimpossibletosayno?Doyoufindyourselfgettingimpatientor(38)_____(annoy)withpeopleoverunimportantthings?...Iftheanswertoallthosequestionsisyes,youhadbetter(39)______(control)yourstress,asyouprobablyareundermorestressthanisgoodforyou.Tosomeextentyoucancontroltheamountofstressinyourlife.Doctorshaveworkedoutachartshowinghowmuchstressisinvolvedinvariousevents.Gettingmarriedis50,pregnancy40,movinghouse20,Christmas12,etc.Ifthetotalstressinyourlifeisover150,youaretwiceaslikely(40)_______(get)ill.【答案】33.

has

been

regarded

34.

that

35.

better

36.

a

37.

you

38.

annoyed

39.

control

40.

to

get【解析】试题分析：本文是一篇说明文，压力成为了我们生活中常见的一个词汇。文章告诉我们一定范围之内的压力能促进我们的工作，但一旦压力过大，就会给我们的生活带来很多负面的影响。34.

that

考查强调句型。强调句型的根本结构为Itis/was被强调成分that/who其它成分；其最大的特点就是去掉itis/was…that/who…句子仍然成立。要注意强调句型能强调除谓语动词以为的所有的句子成分。本句强调的是句子主语onlytoomuchstress。35.

better

考查固定句式“The+比拟级.....，the+比拟级〞意为“越....就越.....〞。本句句意：你承受的压力越大，你的表现就会越好。所以本空使用good的比拟级形式better.36.

a

考查固定短语。短语anumberof许多，大量；该形容词短语通常做定语修饰可数名词复数形式，本句中使用anumberof修饰可数名词复数形式questions。37.

you

考查上下文串联。句意：例如，你是否感觉到对你期待得太多了？本句的主语是you，所以仍然使用宾格you作为介词of的宾语。【名师点睛】本文【小题34】考查了强调句型的用法。强调句是一种修辞方法，是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式：强调句型：“It

is〔was〕＋被强调的局部＋that〔who〕＋原句其它局部〞来强调说话人的意愿：

It

was

on

Monday

night

that

all

this

happened．所有这一切发生在周一晚上。

It’s

me

that

he

blamed．他怪的是我。

强调句型最重要的句型是：

It

is

(was)

＋

被强调局部＋

that／

who

＋

句子的其它成份

。英语中许多句子常常可以通过强调句型对句子的不同成份进行强调。如：

It

is

they

who

／that

will

have

a

meeting

tomorrow．

(强调主语)

It

is

a

meeting

that

they

will

have

tomorrow．

(强调宾语)

It

is

tomorrow

that

they

will

have

a

meeting．

(强调时间状语)

应注意的要点:

1．强调句型可以用来强调主语、宾语〔包括介词宾语〕和状语。其中的it

本身没有词义。

2．强调句中的连接词一般只用who(指人)或that(可指物，也可指人)，假设被强调的是状语，也只能用that

，而不能用when

或者where。而且连接词都不能省略。如：

It

was

in

the

park

that

he

met

an

old

friend

yesterday．

(虽然强调的是地点，但不能用where。)

3．强调句子的主语时，that

或who

之后的谓语动词的人称和数要与它前面被强调的名词或代词一致。如：

It

is

Mary

and

Tom

who

often

do

good

deeds．

4．强调句型的时态常见的有两种：一般现在时和一般过去时。即It

is

．．．

that／who．．．和It

was

．．．that／who．．．。如：

It

was

the

way

he

asked

that

really

upset

me．

5．判断一个句子是否是强调句的方法是：如果将句中的It

is／was．．．that／who．．．去掉，经整理后还是一个完整的句子，本句就是强调句。否那么，就不是。如：

It

was

in

today's

newspaper

that

we

found

the

news．

去掉It

was

．．．that

之后，句子可以整理为:We

found

the

news

in

today's

newspaper．

这是一个完整的句子，故本句是强调句。

常见考法:

1．用介词短语来作为被强调的局部。如：

It

was

for

this

reason

that

he

left

that

school．

It

was

in

this

way

that

he

solved

the

problem．

2．用时间状语从句、条件状语从句等作为被强调的局部。如：

It

was

only

when

I

reread

his

poems

that

I

began

to

appreciate

their

beauty．

3．用

not

until

复杂结构作为被强调的局部。如：

It

was

not

until

she

took

off

her

dark

glasses

that

I

realized

she

was

a

film

star．

It

was

not

until

1920

that

regular

radio

broadcasts

began．

4．在被强调的局部后接定语从句，使句子结构更加复杂。如：

It

was

on

July

7th

1975

when

he

was

born

that

his

father

died．

5．通过句型转换来进行考查。如把肯定句改成一般疑问句或特殊疑问句，或把肯定句改成否认句或否认疑问句等。如：

Was

it

during

the

Second

World

War

that

he

died？

When

was

it

that

the

sports

meeting

began？

It

was

not

Tom

that

stole

the

book．

Wasn't

it

he

that

had

made

a

mistake？

6．通过改变系动词的形式来进行考查。强调句型的系动词除了用

is

或

was外

，还可以在其前面加上

may

／

might

／must

等表示推测的情态动词。如：

It

might

be

him

that

you

met

yesterday．考点：考查语法填空5.【2022·四川】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容〔1个单词〕或括号内单词的正确形式。【题文】Thegiantpanda41(love)bypeoplethroughoutthescientists42(recent)hadachancetostudyawildfemalepandawithanewbornwasavery43(care)25days,sheneverleftherbaby,noteventofindsomething44(eat)!Shewouldnotletanyotherpandascomelickedthebabyconstantlytokeepitsmellmightattractnatural45(enemy)thatwouldtrytoeatthelittlecomfortingmotherheldthebabyinherfrontpawsmuchthewayahumandoes.46itcried,sherockeditbackandforthandgaveitlittlecomfortingpats,Themothercontinuedtocarefortheyoungpanda47morethantwothattime,thepandanolongerneeded48(it)motherfor,itstayedwithherandleanedaboutthewaysofthe,aftertwoand