语法-时态 自制

语法—时态

byFiona中学英语的常见时态：动词原形(第三人称单数)动词过去式will(shall)＋动词原形begoingto＋动词原形beaboutto＋动词原形beto＋动词原形would＋动词原形will(shall)＋be＋现在分词am(is,are)＋现在分词was(were)＋现在分词have(has)＋过去分词had＋过去分词have(has)＋been＋现在分词always,usually,often,

sometimes,

every...,twiceaweek等yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,theotherday,last...,...ago等tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,next...,in...等ateight(thistime)tomorrow等

时间状语now,duringthesedays,或look,listen等引起注意的词语ateight(thistime)yesterday等already,just,yet,since...,for...等by...,before...等for...,since...等多用于间接引语的宾语从句中一、一般体

一般现在时态thepresenttense1表示客观事实或普通真理.(不受时态限制)

1）Thegeographyteachertoldustheearthmovesaroundthesun.2）JapanliestotheeastofChina.3）Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.2表示现在经常或反复发生的动作或存在的状态Hetakesawalkaftersuppereveryday.Mymotherworksatthesamecompanyasmyfather.3表示主语的特征、性格、能力等Mr.Smithhatesfishandnevereatsany.MaryspeaksbothEnglishandFrenchverywell.4表示按时间表、议事日程将要发生的事是安排或计划好的肯定会出现的动作或状态。Theplanetakesoffat10:00a.m.

TomorrowisWednesday.

wemusthurryup.Thefirstclassbeginsat8o'clock.5在时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来的动作。Wewillhavetoputoffthesportsmeetingifitrainstomorrow.

如果明天下雨我们将不得不推迟会议。Ican’tleaveunlessmybossagrees.

除非老板同意，否则我不能走。

Notes:if引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall或will表示意愿，但不表示时态。Ifyouwillacceptmyinvitationandcometoourparty,myfamilywillbepleased.

6.用于here,there开头的倒装句，表正在发生的动作或存在的状态Theregoesthebell.Look!Herecomesthebus.一般过去时thepasttense

1.主要表示过去某特定时间发生的情况或动作Hewasherejustnow.Shesuddenlyfellillyesterday.2.表示过去经常或反复发生的动作或存在的状态Iwrotehomeonceaweekatcollege.WhenIwasachild,Ioftenplayedinthestreet3、表示过去的习惯SheusedtostudylateintothenightwhenshewasinSeniorThere.Hewouldsitforhoursdoingnothing.attention:在时间、条件状语从句中表示过去将要发生的动作。Shetoldmeshewouldnotgoifitrainedthenextday.Mompromisedusice-creamifweweregoodatthestore.在间接引语中表示”现在“HowdidyouknowthatIwasMax?

Note:want,wonder,hope,think,intend等词用于一般过去时往往表示“过去....../原本......"之意eg.Ithoughthewasanhonestman.Hedidn'tintendtohurtyou.一般将来时将来时的四种形式①will/shall+动词原形（预测、说话人认为/客观的将来/意愿/偶然临时决定）Fishwilldiewithoutwater.There'llbenochemistryclasstomorrow.-DoyouknowMr.Greenhascometoourtown?-No.Iwillgoandvisithimrightnow.②begoingtodo

（计划、安排/迹象表明）HeisgoingtospeakonTVthisevening.Areyougoingtoplaybasktetballafterclass?Thereisgoingtobeasnowstorm.Thecarisgoingtoturnover.begoingto与will/shall+动原的区别1、begoingto表示很快就要发生的事，而will/shall+动原Heisgoingtogetbetter.Hewillgetbetter.2.1)-Georgephonedwhileyouwereout.-Ok.I'llphonehimback.2)-Mathewphonedwhileyouwereout.-Yes,Iknow.I'mgoingtophonehimback.③beabouttodo(正要干什么/即刻)=beonthepointof+动名词(不与具体时间状语连用..)Thetrainisabouttostart.HeisabouttoleaveforBeijing.Theplaneisonthepointoftakingoff.④betodo(安排、约定、职责、命令

ThehighwayistobeopentotrafficinMay.WearetodiscussthereportnextSaturday.5、be+Ving(join,return,come,arrive,leave,start,sleep,move,meet,have,stay)计划/安排HeisleavingforXinjianginafewweeks.Theplaneistakingoffsoon.二、进行体1、现在进行时1)此时此刻/现阶段）be+doingwearewaitingforyou.Theworkersarebuildinganewfactory.attention:1)与always,constantly,forever,allthetime连用表重复动作，带有”厌恶、赞叹或抱怨等感情Mybrotherisalwaysleavingthingsabout.She'sconstantlycomplaining.2)be+Ving表将来（come,go,stay,meet...)3)表逐渐的变化或发展过程Theleavesareturningred.Itisgettingwarmerandwarmer.4)hope,want,wonder等词用于现在进行时更委婉。Wearehopingyouwillgetwellsoon.一般现在时与现在进行时的区别

a、经常性与暂时性b、一次性与重复性（短暂性动词）Thechildisjumpingwithjoy.c、解说中，一般表快动作，进行表长时间动作eg.THebusstops.Thebusisstoppingd、一般现在时说明事实，而现在进行时可表示感情色彩。Youdowell.Youarealwaysdoingwell.2、过去进行时was/were+doing1)Theyweredoingexercisesatseventhismorning.2)HesaidthatshewascomingtoBeijingverysoon.3)与when引导的从句连用，表示“正在......突然发生......"Iwasswimmingwhenitrainedheavily.4)表委婉语气whatwereyouwanting?一般过去时与过去进行时的区别一般过去时强调动作的发生、状态，强调的是结果；过去进行时强调的是动作的正在进行，强调过程。Theydidtheirhomework.Theyweredoingtheirhomework.将来进行时shall/will+be+Ving1.)表示在将来某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。如：

Eg.1.ThistimetomorrowI___________(fly)toGuangzhou.What__________________ateighttomorrowmorning?We_____________(watch)televisionat7pmthisevening.willbeflyingwillyoubedoingwillbewatching2).表示将来被客观情况所决定的动作或者按照安排将要发生的动作。Eg.1.We'llbehavingteaafterdinnerasusual.2.Theleaveswillbefallingsoon.3.Weshallbehavingameetingtomorrowmorning.4.I’llbetakingmyholidayssoon.1)两者基本用法不一样

将来进行时表示将来某时正在进行的动作，一般将来时表示将来某时将要发生的动作。如：

Whatwillyoubedoingthistimetomorrow?明天这个时候你会在做什么呢？

Whatwillyoudotomorrow?你明天干什么？将来进行时与一般将来时

的区别2.两者均可表示将来，但用将来进行时语气更委婉，比较：

Whenwillyoufinishtheseletters?你什么什候处理完这些信件？

WhenwillyoubeseeingMrWhite?你什么时候见怀特先生？3.有时一般将来中的will含有“愿意”的意思，而用将来进行时则只是单纯地谈未来情况。如：

Marywon’tpaythisbill.玛丽不肯付这笔钱。

Marywon’tbepayingthisbill.不会由玛丽来付钱。A:Translatethefollowingsentences

intoEnglish.Practice:将来进行时今天下午三点到四点,我们要开会。Wewillbehavingameetingfrom3to4thisafternoon.我想他马上就会到的。Ibelievehe’llbecomingsoon.今天下午我要去送一个朋友。

Iwillbeseeingafriendoffthisafternoon.我不知道我们什么时候再在一起工作。Idon’tknowwhenwewillbeworkingtogetheragain.

B:Multiplechoice1.Sendforadoctorquickly,ortheoldman___.

A.willdieB.isdyingC.diesD.diedA2.Henrywillnotbeabletoattendthemeetingtonightbecause____.A.hemustteachaclassB.hewillbeteachingaclassC.heteachesaclassD.hewillhavebeenteachingB3.We___abasketballmatchatfivetomorrowafternoon.A.willhavewatchedB.watchC.canwatchD.willbewatchingD4.Ifhe___,don’tinterrupthim.A.stillworksB.willstillbeworkingC.stillhasbeenworkingD.isstillworkingD不用于进行时态的动词1、感觉类：look,smell,feel,sound,taste,see,hear等Thesouptastesgood.Yourhandsfeelcold.2、情感类：like,love,prefer,hate,fear,adore等Ilovemydadandmom.3、心态类：need,believe,understand,agree,know,remember,forget...Idon'tbelievemyeyes.4、表存在状态appear,lie,remain,stay,exist...5、表示拥有：have，own,belong,possessthesebooksbelongstoMr.Li.完成体1、现在完成时has/have+V-edpresent(now)futurepast现在完成时(presentperfecttense)domyhomework现在完成时的主要用法上一页下一页--It’ssodark.--Someonehasturnedoffthelight.--Areyoufree?--Ihavefinishedmyhomework.Iamfree主菜单1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。上一页下一页IhavelearntEnglishformorethan

tenyears.我已经学了10多年的英语。Shehasswumsincehalfanhourago.我已经游泳了半个小时主菜单2.表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态.常与since+过去的时间点，for+一段时间，sofar等时间状语连用。现在完成时的时间状语①already,②never,③ever,④just,⑤yet,⑥before,⑦uptonow,⑧sofar,⑨forthelastfewweeks⑩thesedays,

⑾since

⑿foralongtime

上一页下一页主菜单3、"Itis+最高级+名词"和“It/Thisisthefirst/second...time"结构中的从句要用完成时ThisisthefirsttimeIhavecomehere.ThisisthebestteaIhaveeverdrunk.短暂性动词与时间段的关系

●短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用：①become,

②begin,③buy,④borrow,

⑤come(go,arrive),⑥die,⑦finish,⑧join,⑨leave,等。上一页下一页●为了表述这种意思,我们常用相应的延续性动词来代替短暂性动词。主菜单HehascometoBeijingsincelastyear.HehaslivedinBeijingsincelastyear.Hehasjoinedthearmyfor3years.Hehasservedinthearmyfor3years.HehasjoinedthearmyItis3yearssincehejoinedthearmy.

●但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与时间段连用。eg：Ihaven’tboughtthebikeforayear.我买这辆自行车还不到一年。Shehasn’tcomehereforanhour.

她来这儿还没有一个小时。上一页下一页主菜单since:(自…以来)1)since+时间点He

has

stayed

here

since

5

o’clock.2)since+时间段+agoHe

has

stayed

here

since

5

hours

ago.3)since+从句She

has

taught

English

since

he

came

here.

for:(长达）for+时间段Hehaskeptthebookfor2weeks.since,for的用法:

Takenotes

Attention:1):since也可单独使用,表示“自那时起”;另外since前也可加上ever,以加强语气.Eg.Ihavebeenhere(ever)since.Ihavebeenhere(ever)sinceIgraduatedin2000.2):对for或since引导的时间状语提问必须用howlong,决不能用when.Eg.Ihavelivedherefor10years.Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?Shehasstoodheresince2hourago.Howlonghasshestoodhere?havebeen与havegone的用法比较

havebeento

意思是“到过，去过”，表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。havegoneto

意思是“去了”，表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。havebeenin意思是“呆在某处一段时间了”上一页下一页主菜单

HassheeverbeentoNanjing?她曾去过南京吗？

Youhaveneverbeenthere,haveyou?你以前从未去过那儿，是吗？

IhavebeentoGuiling,Iwenttherelastyear.我去过桂林，我去年去的。

ShehasgonetoNanjing.

她已经去南京了。上一页下一页主菜单have/hasgot与have/hasgotto1)have/hasgot表示”拥有“=haveHehasgotawifeandthreekids.2)have/hasgotto"必须”相当于must,havetoIhavegottogotothebathroom.Wehavegottofinishourhomework.pastperfecttensebythen,bythattime,bytheendof,bythetime+从句1.Shecleanedtheroom.2.Shelockedthedoor.

——————∣—————∣—————→∣——→

nowcleanedthe

roomlockedthedoorBythetime

shelockedthedoor,shehadcleanedtheroom.Igotoutsidethebusleft1.Thebusleft.

2.Igotoutside.BythetimeIgotoutside,thebushadleft.

——————∣—————∣—————→∣——→

now1.Sheateanapple.2.Sheslept.

——————∣—————∣—————→∣——→

nowate

anapplesleptBythetime

sheslept,shehadeatenanapple

.

2.Heplayedpingpong1.Hefinishedhishomework

——————∣—————∣—————→∣——→

now

playedpingpongfinished

hishomeworkBythetime

heplayedpingpong,hehadfinishedhishomework

had+动词的过去分词(p.p.)定义：过去完成时：表示在过去的某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。即：过去的过去。1.在老师进入教室前,李磊擦了黑板.LiLei______________(clean)theblackboardbythetimetheteachercameintotheclassroom.hadcleaned2.当我们到那儿时火车已经离开了。Thetrain__________(leave)whenwearrivedthere.hadleft构成：

Millie_______someChinesebythetimeshecameto

China.

A.learnedB.haslearnedC.learntD.hadlearnedShe___________thefirstprizeinaninternationalpianocompetitionbeforeshe__________anactress.A.havewon,becameB.hadwon,becomeC.hadwon,becameD.haswon,became

用所给动词的正确形式填空．1.He_______________(turnoff)thelightsbeforehelefttheclassroom.2._________yourparents_______(have)lunchwhenyouarrivedathome?hadturnedoffHadhad用所给动词的正确形式填空．(10’/1)1.Thepoorgirlneversawhergrandpa,becausehe____________(die)beforeshewasborn.2.She________already___________(clean)theblackboardwhenIenteredtheclassroom.haddiedcleanedhad1.在我们到达电影院之前，电影已经开始了．2.踢完足球之后我买了瓶果汁．Thefilm_________________________we_____tothecinema._________I_________________football,I_________abottleofjuice.hadbeforegotbegunAfterhadplayedbought1.WestartedtolearnEnglish5yearsago.一般过去时表示在过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态。2.WehavelearnedEnglishfor5years.现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关。其结构为：“助动词have（has）+过去分词”5yearsagonow

5yearsago

havelearnednowRevision过去完成时表示在过去某个时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作或存在的状态，即“过去的过去（past-in-the-past）”。

过去完成时的概念与结构特点:

pastinthepastpast

nowpastperfecttense综合时态填空：1.We____________(learn)2000Englishwordssincewecametothisschool.Theteachersaidwe_____________(learn)2000Englishwordssincethen.We____________(learn)500wordslastterm.We______________(learn)2000wordsbytheendoflastterm.2.He________________(have)ameetingnextweek.

He________________(have)ameetingtwoweeksago.Hetoldmehe_______________(have)ameetingtwoweeksbefore.3.________youever________(be)totheGreatWall?Theteacheraskedifyou___________(be)totheGreatWall.havelearnedhadlearnedlearnedhadlearnedwillhavehadhadhadHavebeenhadbeen完成进行体现在完成进行时have/hasbeen+V-ing过去完成进行时hadbeen+Ving现在完成进行时

含义：动作自过去某时开始，一直延续到现在，并且还将持续下去；动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到说话时刻，可能刚刚结束。进行时Iamreadingthebook.完成时Ihavereadthebook.现在完成进行时Ihavebeenreadingthebook.现在正在读已经读过过去到截至说话为止，一直在读TheCCTVhasbeenbroadcastingEnglishprogramseversince1977.1977now

1、构成:

have/hasbeen+doing2、用法:表示从过去某一时刻发生的动作，可能刚刚结束，也可以一直延续到现在，并且还可能继续下去。现在完成进行时3）表示从过去到现在反复发生的动作

Youhavebeensayingthatforfiveyears.

(这话你已经说了有五年了。）

2）和进行时一样，现在完成进行时也往往带有感情色彩（如赞扬、厌恶等）。Whathaveyoubeendoingallthetime?(这半天你在干什么？）3.时间状语1）现在完成进行时通常和“for…”或“since…”所引导的时间状语连用。Ihavebeenwaitingforaletterfrommyparentsfortwodays.雨已经下了三个小时Wehavebeenstudyingheresince2004.我这两天来一直在等我父母的回信Ithasbeenrainingforthreehours.我们自从2004年开始一直在这里读书。2）现在完成进行时还可以于thesefewdays,thisweek,allthetime，allnight,allthemorning,allone’slife,duringthenight,recently等连用：I’vebeenwritinglettersallthismorning.(我写了一上午的信。）Ihavebeendoingthisallmylife.(这个我做了一辈子啦。）Recentlyhehasbeendoinghisworkquiteregularly.(近来他都按时做作业。）

Theboystartedhavingdinnerfiveminutesago.Heisstillhavingdinnernow.Theboy________________(have)dinnersincefiveminutesago.hasbeenhavingThemanstartedworkinginthefieldhalfanhourago.Heisstillworkingnow.Theman_________________(work)inthefieldforhalfanhour.hasbeenworking小试牛刀1.—I’msureAndrewwillwinthefirstprizeinthefinal.—Ithinkso.He_____________foritformonths.A.ispreparingB.waspreparingC.hadbeenpreparingD.hasbeenpreparing2.—Ihavegotaheadache.—Nowonder.You_______________infrontofthatcomputertoolong.A.workB.areworkingC.havebeenworkingD.workedDChasbeenpreparinghavebeenworking3.—Hi,Tracy，youlookpale.—Iamtired.I_______________thelivingroomallday.A.paintedB.hadpaintedC.havebeenpaintingD.havepainted4.Nowthatsheisoutofjob,Lucy_______________goingbacktoschool，butshehasn’tdecidedyet. A.hadconsideredB.hasbeenconsidering C.consideredD.isgoingtoconsiderCBhavebeenpaintinghasbeenconsidering现在完成进行时（Ihavebeendoing）VS.现在完成时（Ihavedone）Hehasbeenpaintingtheceiling.Shehaspainted

theceiling.现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别：1.现在完成时与现在完成进行时Ihavewrittenanarticle.Ihavebeenwritinganarticle.2.有些延续性动词，如live,teach,work,study,learn,stay等因现在完成时与现在完成进行时差别不大。Ihavelivedherefortenyears.=Ihavebeenlivingherefortenyears.Notes：表短暂动作的动词（finish,marry,getup,come,go等）一般不能用现在完成进行时。强调：已完成性强调：持续性，尚未完成1.Uptonow,theprogram________thousandsofchildrenwhowouldotherwisehavedied.A.wouldsaveB.savesC.hadsavedD.hassaved2.Igotcaughtintherainandmysuit____.A.hasruinedB.hadruinedC.hasbeenruinedD.hadbeenruined3.---

“Hi,

Tracy,

you

look

tired.

”--“I

am

tired.

I

___

the

living

room

all

day.”A.

painted

B.

had

painted

C.

have

been

painting

D.

have

painted

4.Whenyouarehome,giveacalltoletmeknowyou______safely.A.arearrivingB.havearrivedC.hadarrivedD.willarrive5.Mary______toeveningclassessincelastmonth,buthestillcan’tsay“What’syourname?”inRussian.A．hasbeengoingB．wentC．goesD．hasgone过去完成进行时过去完成进行时是由“hadbeen+现在分词”构成。

Shehadbeensufferingfromabadcoldwhenshetooktheexam.她在考试之前一直患重感冒。

Rafaelwasscoldedeventhoughhehadn‘tbeendoinganythingwrong.

尽管拉斐尔没做什么错事，但他还是挨骂了。

①表示过去某一时间之前一直进行的动作。

IhadbeenlookingforitfordaysbeforeIfoundit.

这东西我找了好多天才找着的。

Theyhadonlybeenwaitingforthebusafewmomentswhenitcame.

他们只等了一会儿车就来了。动词时态的呼应一、主将从现whateveryousay,Iwillnotchangemymind.Ifsheissti