语法填空非谓语动词语法填空

关于语法填空非谓语动词语法填空第一页，共74页幻灯片

非谓语动词是语法填空的必考考点，每年高考至少有1道题。不仅如此，掌握非谓语动词的基本用法，对增强书面表达的文采和提高阅读理解能力都有明显的作用。首先，我们回顾一下非谓语动词的语法功能(在句中充当何种成分)：考点解密第二页，共74页幻灯片主语宾语表语定语状语宾补动名词√√√√不定式√√√√√√分词√√√√现在，我们简要回顾其主要考点：第三页，共74页幻灯片考点1：作主语表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的行为用-ing形式；表示具体的、一次性的或将来的动作用不定式。考点2：作表语(1)动名词和不定式作表语说明主语的具体内容。(2)分词作表语则说明主语的性质，像puzzling,surprising,exciting等-ing分词表示“令人……的(事物)”；像puzzled,surprised,excited等-ed分词表示“(人)感到……的”。第四页，共74页幻灯片考点3：作宾语(1)有些动词只能用不定式作宾语。如refuse,expect,promise,decide,offer,pretend等。(类似动词和短语动词还有哪些？请补上)(2)有些动词只能用动名词作宾语。如：keep,allow,finish,enjoy,mind,practice,avoid,admit,advise,consider,imagine,appreciate,escape,suggest等。(类似动词和短语动词还有哪些？请补上)(3)在表示“需要”的need,want和require等后用-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，也可用不定式的被动式。

第五页，共74页幻灯片(4)在forget,remember,regret,mean,try等动词后既可接动名词，也可接不定式，但意义差别较大。(5)在介词之后用动名词作宾语。注意to是介词的短语，如be/getusedto,beaccustomedto(习惯于),contribute…to…,devoteoneselfto/bedevotedto,getdownto,lookforwardto等。(6)含介词的固定句式：prevent/stop/keepsb./sth.fromdoing阻止……做……第六页，共74页幻灯片spend/wastetimeormoneyindoing在做……方面花费/浪费时间或金钱havesomedifficulty/troubleindoing在做……方面有些困难haveahardtimeindoingsth.做某事很艰难thereisnosenseindoing做……是没有理由/道理的(7)介词后一般只能接动名词，但在表示“除……外”的介词but和except后，有时可接不定式；当前面有行为动词do时，不定式不带to；前面没有行为动词do时，要带to。第七页，共74页幻灯片考点4：作宾补当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是主动关系时，用不定式(未来或全过程)或-ing形式(正在进行或一直处于某种状态)；当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是被动关系时，用-ed形式。另外，请注意复习以下6点：(1)在ask,invite,encourage,advise,forbid,remind等动词后，用带to的不定式作宾补。(2)在help后作宾补的不定式带不带to均可。第八页，共74页幻灯片(3)在make,let,have等使役动词和feel,smell,hear,see,watch等感官动词后，一般用不带to的不定式作宾补，但在其被动式后作主语补足语时，要加上to。(4)在with的宾语后，若用-ed形式，表示宾语与-ed形式在逻辑上是被动关系，且意味着该动作已经完成；若用-ing形式，表示宾语与-ing形式在逻辑上是主动关系，且表示动作持续进行。第九页，共74页幻灯片(5)getsb.todosth.=havesb.dosth.使某人做某事(主动、将来);get/have…doing使……处于某一状态中(主动、持续);get…done=havesth.done请人做/遭受(被动)。(6)makeoneself后常用understood,heard,seen,known等作宾补，表示让别人明白自己的意思/让自己讲的话被别人听到/让自己被别人看到/让自己被别人认识。第十页，共74页幻灯片考点5：作状语(1)在表示时间、让步、方式或伴随情况时，非谓语动词若与句子主语在逻辑上是主动关系，用-ing形式，若与句子主语在逻辑上是被动关系，用-ed形式。(2)不定式作状语只能放在句末，且不用逗号，多用于表示情绪或情感反应的动词、形容词(如glad,sorry,surprised,frightened,delighted)之后，表示原因。(3)不定式表结果，其动作发生在谓语动词之后，往往表示未曾预料到的或令人不快的，前面常加only；也还用于too…to,enoughto,so/such…asto等固定结构中。-ing形式表示的结果，是伴随谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果（同时发生），谓语动词与现在分词的动作是因果关系。第十一页，共74页幻灯片(4)在作表语的形容词后或者作宾补的形容词后作状语，一般只用不定式。(5)表示目的时只能用不定式，此时的不定式可以放在句首。(6)在“连词(如when,while,if,though等)+分词”结构中，当分词与主句主语是主动关系时用-ing形式，是被动关系时用-ed形式。第十二页，共74页幻灯片考点6：作定语(1)动词不定式作定语：常放在所修饰的名词之后，表示一个将来的动作，多用来修饰have、therebe、with之后的名词，表示“有……要……”；或修饰“the+序数词”。(2)分词作定语：被修饰的名词与分词是主动关系，用-ing形式，是被动关系时用-ed形式。第十三页，共74页幻灯片考点7：特殊句式Whynotdosth.?=Whydon’tyoudosth.?何不做某事呢？hadbetter(not)dosth.最好(不)做某事wouldrather(not)dosth.宁愿(不)做某事woulddoAratherthandoB=wouldratherdoAthandoB=prefertodoAratherthandoB=preferdoingAtodoingB宁做A事不做B事第十四页，共74页幻灯片考点8：独立结构(1)-ing形式的独立成分：judgingby/from(根据…判断),generallyspeaking(一般说来)，strictlyspeaking(严格说来),franklyspeaking(坦率地说)等。(2)不定式的独立结构：totellyouthetruth(和你说实话吧),tomakethingsworse(情况更糟的是)等。(3)用作介词或连词的considering(考虑到，就…而言)和given(考虑到)后接名词或that从句。第十五页，共74页幻灯片解答语法填空时，首先分析句子结构，若句子已有谓语动词且不是并谓语时，所给动词必定用非谓语动词；然后分析该非谓语动词在句中作什么句子成分，初定作该成分的应是哪一种或几种非谓语动词形式；最后再根据非谓语动词各自的特点和用法，同时看谓语动词有没有特别的要求，再结合与逻辑主语的关系，确定该填哪种形式。解题技巧第十六页，共74页幻灯片另外，在确定用-ing形式还是用-ed形式，用todo还是用tobedone时，都是由该非谓语动词与逻辑主语是主动关系还是被动关系来确定的。那么，如何找出非谓语动词的逻辑主语？这与非谓语动词在句中作何种成分有关，详见下表：充当句子成分宾语表语状语定语宾补逻辑主语句子的主语所修饰的词句子的宾语第十七页，共74页幻灯片[例1]…theproverb,“pluckingupacrop

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(help)itgrow”,isbasedonthefollowingstory.实例剖析思路分析：因句中已有谓语isbased，而“pluckingupacrop

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(help)itgrow”是theproverb的同位语，是一个名词短语而非同位语从句，因此，help应是谓语动词；“帮助禾苗长”是“将禾苗拨起来”的目的，作目的状语，用动词不定式，故填tohelp。第十八页，共74页幻灯片[例2]Whileshewasgettingme___34___(settle)intoatinybutcleanroom…思路分析：因句中已有谓语wasgetting，所以settle应是非谓语动词；又由o/in/on…(使某人舒服地处于某处)可知，me与settle是被动关系，要用过去分词用宾补，故填settled。第十九页，共74页幻灯片考点击破第二十页，共74页幻灯片非谓语动词一、考点分析非谓语动词在语法填空中，每年必考，且每年一个小题，但四年来，只涉及到非谓语动词的两种用法。第二十一页，共74页幻灯片1.作状语。Hespititout,37(say)itwasawful.[解析]因句中已有谓语spit，此处又没有连词，say不是并列谓语，而是非谓语动词；又因he与say是主动关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语。saying第二十二页，共74页幻灯片2.作宾补。Finally,Iacceptedtheofferofanoldpeasantwomanwholivedaloneinalittlehouse.Whileshewasgettingme34

(settle)intoatinybutcleanroom,[解析]由o/in/on…(使某人舒服地处于某处)可知，me与settle是被动关系，要用过去分词用宾补。又如：Anursesettledtheoldmanintoachair.护士让那位老人舒舒服服地坐在椅子上。settled第二十三页，共74页幻灯片温馨提示:虽然只考查了非谓语动词作状语和作宾语补足语，但复习时，非谓语动词作定语、作主语和作宾语也不可忽视。第二十四页，共74页幻灯片二、真题演练用所给词的适当形式填空。1.Shewishedthathewasaseasy32(please)ashermother,whowasalwaysdelightedwithperfume.1.toplease

句中已有谓语waseasy，please应为非谓语动词；因在形容词后作状语，只能用动词不定式，故填toplease。toplease第二十五页，共74页幻灯片2.Forexample,theproverb,“pluckingupacrop

32(help)itgrow”,isbasedonthefollowingstory.2.tohelp

作目的状语，用动词不定式。tohelp第二十六页，共74页幻灯片3.Thereweremanytalentedactorsouttherejustwaiting______________(discover).3.tobediscovered。动词wait后习惯上接不定式；另外，actors与discover之间为被动关系，即“等着被发现”，故选不定式的被动式。tobediscovered第二十七页，共74页幻灯片4.Wewereastonished______(find)thetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.4.tofind。beastonished后要接不定式表示原因。tofind第二十八页，共74页幻灯片5.WithFather’sDayaroundthecorner,Ihavetakensomemoneyoutofthebank________(buy)presentsformydad.5.tobuy。“给父亲买礼物”是“从银行拿钱出来”的目的，作目的状语，用动词不定式。tobuy第二十九页，共74页幻灯片6.Hisfirstbook____________(publish)nextmonthisbasedonatruestory.6.tobepublished。根据句中的nextmonth可知是将出版，故要用不定式；又因为book与publish之间为被动关系，故要用不定式的被动式。tobepublished第三十页，共74页幻灯片7.Ihavealotofreadings________(complete)beforetheendofthisterm.7.tocomplete。表示有事要做，用“have+宾语+不定式”结构，其中的不定式用作定语，修饰其前的名词。tocomplete第三十一页，共74页幻灯片8.Manybuildingsinthecityneedrepairing,buttheone____________firstisthelibrary.8.toberepaired。表示首先要修理的那座建筑物，即表示未来，用动词不定式；又theone与repair是被动关系，故用不定式的被动式。toberepaired第三十二页，共74页幻灯片9._____________(approach)thecitycenter,wesawastonestatueofabout10metersinheight.9.Approaching。因we与approach是主动关系，所以用现在分词短语作状语。Approaching第三十三页，共74页幻灯片10.Inmanypeople’sopinion,thatcompany,thoughrelativelysmall,ispleasant________(deal)with.10.todeal。在形容词easy,hard,difficult,pleasant等后作状语，用动词不定式，且习惯上要用主动形式表示被动含义。todeal第三十四页，共74页幻灯片11.Thatistheonlywaywecanimagine_________(reduce)theoveruseofwaterinstudents’bathrooms.11.toreduce。不定式在此用作定语，修饰theonlyway。其实，theonlyway还有两个定语，一个是wecanimagine，另一个是toreducetheoveruseofwater…。toreduce第三十五页，共74页幻灯片12.Ihadgreatdifficulty________(find)thesuitablefoodonthemenuinthatrestaurant.12.finding。havedifficulty(in)doingsth为固定句式，其意为“做某事有困难”。finding第三十六页，共74页幻灯片13.I’mcallingtoenquireabouttheposition___________(advertise)inyesterday’sChinaDaily.13.advertised。由于position(职位)与advertise(登广告)之间为被动关系，且广告昨天已经刊发了，故用过去分词作定语。advertised第三十七页，共74页幻灯片14.Sofarnobodyhasclaimedthemoney___________(discover)inthelibrary.14.discovered。由于money与discover之间为被动关系，由句意可知，钱“已经”被发现，故用过去分词作定语。discovered第三十八页，共74页幻灯片15.Alexandertriedtogethiswork__________(recognize)inthemedicalcircles.15.recognized。考查“get+宾语+过去分词”结构。其中的“宾语”与其后的“过去分词”之间为被动关系。recognized第三十九页，共74页幻灯片16.Mrs.Whiteshowedherstudentssomeoldmaps________(borrow)fromthelibrary.16.borrowed。因maps与borrow之间为被动关系；再根据句意，地图是“已经”借来了，所以用过去分词作定语。borrowed第四十页，共74页幻灯片17.Though________(surprise)toseeus,theprofessorgaveusawarmwelcome.17.surprised。因theprofessor与surprise是被动关系，故用“连词+过去分词”作状语。surprised第四十一页，共74页幻灯片18._____(see)fromthetopofthetower,thesouthfootofthemountainisaseaoftrees.18.Seen。由于thesouthfoot与see之间为被动关系，故要选过去分词作状语。Seen第四十二页，共74页幻灯片19.Thelivingroomiscleanandtidy,withadiningtablealready_____(lay)foramealtobecooked.19.laid。短语layatable的意思是“摆桌子”，因句中的table与动词lay之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。laid第四十三页，共74页幻灯片20.Theexperimentshowsthatproperamountsofexercise,if________(carry)outregularly,canimproveourhealth.20.carried。由于exercise(锻炼)与carryout(进行，执行)之间为被动关系，故用“连词+过去分词”作状语，ifcarriedoutregularly相当于ifitiscarriedoutregularly。carried第四十四页，共74页幻灯片21.Agreatnumberofstudents____________(question)saidtheywereforcedtopracticethepiano.21.questioned。由于students与question(提问，询问)之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。questioned第四十五页，共74页幻灯片22.Lucyhasagreatsenseofhumorandalwayskeepshercolleagues________(amuse)withherstories.22.amused。意思是Lucy让他的同事“感到愉快”，表示人“感到愉快”，用-ed形式作宾补(相当于形容词作宾补的)，故填amused。amused第四十六页，共74页幻灯片23.Hehadawonderfulchildhood,__________(travel)ing。因he与travel是主动关系，故用现在分词短语travelingwithhismother…作状语，表示原因。traveling第四十七页，共74页幻灯片24.________(look)atmyclassmates’faces,Ireadthesameexcitementintheireyes.24.Looking。因I与look是主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。Looking第四十八页，共74页幻灯片25.Listen!Doyouhearsomeone________(call)forhelp?25.calling。由listen可知，动作正在进行，表示“听见某人在做某事”，用hearsbdoingsth句型。calling第四十九页，共74页幻灯片26.Itrainedheavilyinthesouth,________(cause)seriousfloodinginseveralprovinces.26.causing。“引起严重水灾”是“下大雨”的自然结果，作结果状语，用现在分词作状语。causing…与whichcaused…相当。causing第五十页，共74页幻灯片27.Thetrafficrulesaysyoungchildrenundertheageoffourand________lessthan40poundsmustbeinachildsafetyseat.27.weighing。因youngchildren与weigh是主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。句中介词短语under…和现在分词短语weighing…一起作定语，修饰youngchildren。weighing第五十一页，共74页幻灯片28.Almost33(freeze),theoldmancouldnotgetofftheground.28.frozen。因句子主语theoldman与freeze(冻僵)是被动关系，故用过去分词作原因状语。frozen第五十二页，共74页幻灯片29.Apick-uptruckpassedusontheroadand,afewminuteslater,Isawit33(pull)backandthedriverlookingdirectlyatus.29.pulling。因it与pull在这是主动关系，用现在分词作宾补，即seesb./sth.doingsth.句型。pulling第五十三页，共74页幻灯片30.Itwasapresidentialtalk33(deliver)atatimeofeconomicuncertaintyformanyAmericanfamilies.30.delivered。过去分词作后置定语。delivered第五十四页，共74页幻灯片习题第五十五页，共74页幻灯片一、单句填空：用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。1._____________(walk)isagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold.(全国)2.Eugene'sneverwillingtoalteranyofhisopinions.It’snouse__________(argue)withhim.(上海)3.Pleaseremain_________(seat);thewinneroftheprizewillbeannouncedsoon.(辽宁)4.—CanIsmokehere?—Sorry.Wedon’tallow___________(smoke)here.(江苏)Walkingarguingseatedsmoking第五十六页，共74页幻灯片5.Itisdifficulttoimaginehis________(accept)thedecisionwithoutanyconsideration.(陕西)6.Ican’tstand_________(work)withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses________(stop)talkingwhilesheworks.(北京)7.Asaresultoftheseriousflood,two-thirdsofthebuildingsintheareaneed_____________(repair).(陕西)8.Susanwantedtobeindependentofherparents.Shetried________(live)alone,butshedidn’tlikeitandmovedbackhome.(湖南)acceptingtostopworkingtoberepairedliving第五十七页，共74页幻灯片9.—Robertisindeedawiseman.—Oh,yes.HowoftenIhaveregretted____________(nottake)hisadvice!(安徽)10.Ifyouthinkthattreatingawomanwellmeansalways________(get)herpermissionforthings,thinkagain.(湖南)11.Atthebeginningofclass,thenoiseofdesks_______________________(openandclose)couldbeheardoutsidetheclassroom.(全国)12.—Theyarequiet,aren’tthey?—Yes.Theyareaccustomedto_______(nottalk)atmeals.(江苏)nottakinggettingbeingopenedandclosednottalking第五十八页，共74页幻灯片13.Isn'tittimeyougotdownto________(mark)thepapers?(重庆)14.Mr.Reedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadto________(set)upsomeschoolsforpoorchildren.(上海)15.Shelooksforwardeveryspringto________(walk)intheflower-linedgarden.(上海)16.Havingbeenillinbedfornearlyamonth,hehadahardtime________(pass)theexam.(福建)markingsettingwalkingpassing第五十九页，共74页幻灯片17.AccordingtoarecentU.S.survey,childrenspendupto25hoursaweek________(watch)TV.(上海)18.Ibelievethat’sthebestwaytopreventsuchathingfrom____________(happen)again.(全国)19.Didyouhavetroublein________(find)thepostoffice?(全国)20.Sandycoulddonothingbut________(admit)tohisteacherthathewaswrong.(上海)watchinghappeningfindingadmit第六十页，共74页幻灯片21.Ismellsomething__________(burn)inthekitchen.CanIcallyoubackinaminute?(全国)22.Don’tleavethewater________(run)whileyoubrushyourteeth.(天津)23.Itwassocoldthattheykeptthefire___________(burn)allnight.(全国)24.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee_____________(carry)outthenextyear.(全国)burningrunningburningcarriedout第六十一页，共74页幻灯片25.TolearnEnglishwell,weshouldfindopportunitiestohearEnglish___________(speak)asmuchaswecan.(江苏)26.Heisverypopularamonghisstudentsashealwaystriestomakethem____________(interest)inhislectures.(江苏)27.Energydrinksarenotallowed________(make)inAustraliabutarebroughtinfromNewZealand.(上海)28.Myadvisorencouragedme________(take)asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills.(北京)spokeninterestedtobemadetotake第六十二页，共74页幻灯片29.Myparentshavealwaysmademe________(feel)goodaboutmyself,evenwhenIwastwelve.(江苏)30.Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenher________(grow)upfromchildhood.(全国)31.Themotherfeltherself________(grow)coldandherhandstrembledasshereadtheletterfromthebattlefield.(上海)32.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade________(learn).Healwaysworkshard.(全国)feelgrowgrowtolearn第六十三页，共74页幻灯片33.—Comeon,pleasegivemesomeideasabouttheproject.—Sorry.Withsomuchwork________(fill)mymind,Ialmostbreakdown.(福建)34.Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhiswork____________(finish),hegladlyacceptedit.(安徽)35.Withalotofdifficultproblems________(set),thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.(上海)36.Thedirectorhadherassistant______(pick)upsomehotdogsforthemeeting.(全国)fillingfinishedtosettlepick第六十四页，共74页幻灯片37.—DidPeterfixthecomputerhimself?—Hehadit________(fix),becausehedoesn’tknowmuchaboutcomputers.(安徽)38.JennyhopesthatMr.SmithwillsuggestagoodwaytohaveherwrittenEnglish________(improve)inashortperiod.(福建)39.Helenhadtoshouttomakeherself________(hear)abovethesoundofthemusic.(广西)40.Peterreceivedaletterjustnow________(say)hisgrandmawouldcometoseehimsoon.(四川)fixedimprovedheardsaying第六十五页，共74页幻灯片41.Asthelightturnedgreen,Istoodforamoment,not________(move),andaskedmyselfwhatIwasgoingtodo.(湖南)42.___________(walk)inthefieldsonaMarchafternoon,hecouldfeelthewarmthofspring.(安徽)43.______________(wait)inthequeueforhalfanhour,theoldmansuddenlyrealizedhehadleftthechequeinthecar.(福建)44.__________(blame)forthebreakdownoftheschoolcomputernetwork,Alicewasinlowspirits.(福建)movingWalkingHavingwaitedBlamed第六十六页，共74页幻灯片45.Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonly_____________(tell)thatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.(陕西)46.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,____________(make)itthemostpopularsportintheworld.(全国)47.Youweresillynot________________(lock)yourcar.(湖南)48.Ilikegettingupveryearlyinsummer.Themorningairissogood_____________(breathe).(宁夏)tobetoldmakingtohavelockedtobreathe第六十七页，共74页幻灯片49._____________(complete)theprojectasplanned,we’llhavetoworktwomorehoursaday.(湖南)50.When________(ask)whyhewentthere,hesaidhewassenttheretobetrainedforaspaceflight.(江西)51.Theflowershisfriendgavehimwilldieunless____________(water)everyday.(四川)52.When_____________(compare)differentcultures,weoftenpayattentiononlytothedifferenceswithoutnoticingthemanysimilarities.(浙江)Tocompleteaskedwateredcomparing第六十八页，共74页幻灯片53.—Thelastone___________(arrive)paysthemeal.—Agree!(全国)54.Thetrees_________(blow)inthestormhav