05439商务英语阅读(广东)复习试题和答案

商务英语阅读试卷（课程代码5439）I.Translatethefollowingsorexpressions.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese.1.C.P.I.(consumerpriceindex)2.monopoly3.parvalue4.IPO(initialpublicoffering)5.financialinstitution 6.incomefunds7.GNP(grossnationalproduct)8.productionline9.C.I.F.(cost,insuranceandfreight)10.boardofdirectors11.registeredcapital12.F.OB13.circulatingfund14.CleanBernmentbond19.GDP(grossdomesticproduct)20.ductmix29.LettersofCredit(L/C)30.ductline35.currentassets 36.installment37.Hmissorynote45.policyholder46.insurancepolicy47.middleman48.publicity49.massselling50.targetreturnB.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.51.信用证52.营销组合53.风险资本54.普通股55.索赔56.资产57.直销58.保险单59.促销60.购买力61.有限责任公司62.预算63.固定资产64.证券交易所65.汇率66.物流67.佣金68.折旧69.客户服务70.红利71.面值72.市场细分73.流动资产74.公共关系75.净收入76.合同77.优先股78.人寿保险79.债券80.有限责任81.保险82.净资产83.退货84.集装箱85.汇票86.期初存货87.股东88.离岸价89.电汇90.债券持有者91.电话销售92.垄断93.定价94.盈亏平衡点95.购买力96.投资经纪人97.营销组合98.利率99.收入保险100.保险费II.Choosethebestanswertofillintheblanks.1.Thebuyingofproductsonwhichwehavebeenpre-solethroughadvertisingiscalled______.A.rationalbuyingB.emotionalbuyingC.reflexbuyingD.impulsebuying2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTacommonformofpaymentinforeignbusinesstransactions?A.ChequeB.CashC.BanktransferD.Asightbill3.Acleanbillis______.aspotlessbillabillthatisnotaccompaniedbyshippingumentsanunusedbillaninvalidbill4.Ifcompetitorsgettogethertoraiseorlowerprices,thisactis______.A.pricediscriminationB.deceptivepricingC.resalepricemaintenanceD.pricefixing5.Whichofthefollowingbelongsto“MarketingMix”?A.LaborforceB.MachinesC.MaterialsD.Promotion6.Whatdoyouthinkisthestrengthofpublicity?BeingflexibleB.AvoidingmediacostsC.SavingpreparationtimeD.Reachingalargernumberofaudiences7.WhichofthefollowingcanNOTbeafeatureofabond?A、Ithasacertaindenomination.B、Ithasaprefixedinterestrate.C、Itinvolveshighrisk.D、Ithasaprefixedmaturitydate.8.Whichofthefollowingisalegaltender?IOUchequesB、U.S.dollarsC、LumpsofsilverD、Bankdeposits9.Ifyouadvertiseaproduct,yourmainpurposeofdoingsoisto_____.earnmoremoneyfortheadvertisingagencypromotesalesofthatproductcompetewithotherfirmsthatproducethesamekindofproductintroducethatproducertothepublic10.Whatdoyouthinkisthestrengthofpersonalselling?A.HighefficiencyB.GreatflexibilityA.umentaryB.irrevocableC.dishonoredD.confirmed12.Adishonouredbillis______.onewhichtheimporterisashamedofonewhichtheimporterfailstopayontheduedateonewhichthedrawerfailstopayonewhichtheexporterfailstoclear13.Intermsofsafeness,amortgagebond______adebenturebond,A.isthesameasB.issaferthanC.involvesmoreriskthanD.isnotassafeas14.Whatisaninsurancepolicy?Agovernmentlawoninsurance.Awrittencontractbetweentheinsurerandtheinsured.Apieceofpaperwiththeinsurer’ssignatureonit.Asetofrulestoregulatetheinsurancemarket.15.Whatcanwesayforcertainabouttransportationandphysicaldistribution?Transportationisthesamethingasphysicaldistribution.Transportationisnotasimportantasphysicaldistribution.Transportationisoneofthecomponentsofphysicaldistributionsystem.Thetermtransportationiswidelyusedtomeanphysicaldistribution.16.CustomerrelationsshouldberesponsibleforallofthefollowingEXCEPT______.A.thequalityofproductorserviceB.customerinquiriesandcomplaintsC.findingnewresourcesforthecompanyD.attractingnewcustomers17.Whatisthemajorfeatureofaglobalmarketingstrategy?A.UniformityB.FlexibilityC.LocalizationD.Diversity18.Whatismeantby“consideration”inacontract?Anitemofconsiderablevaluegiventotheotherparty.Anitemofvaluegiventotheotherparty.Moneyinexchangeofgoods.Carefulthinkingbeforesigningacontract.19.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?Packagingmeansmorethantheboxes,wrappingsandothermaterialsthatgoroundthephysicalproduct.Packagingcanchangethequalityofaproduct.Packagingcanchangeaproductinthemindsofconsumers.Packagingcanhelptoopenlargermarkets.20.Tobeawisecustomer,wemustevaluate______andchoosetobuywhatis______.theprice;thecheapesttheproductquality;oftopqualitythetotalproductoffer;ofthebestvaluetoustheafter-saleservice;providedwiththebestafter-saleservice21.Themostmajorfunctionofmoneyis______.A.astoreofvalueB.theunitofaccountC.themediumofexchangeD.astandardofdeferredpayment22.______pointstotheadvantagesoftheadvertiser’sproductovercompetingproducts.A、Primary-demandadvertisingB、ComparativeadvertisingC]Direct-actionadvertisingD、Institutionaladvertising23.Whenapersoninsuressomething,thewrittenagreementbetweentheinsurerandtheinsurediscalled_______.A.insurancepolicyB.claimC.liabilityD.autoinsurance24.A_______isbackedonlybytheinsurer’spromisetopaywhentheinterestandprincipalaredue.A、bearerbondB、debenturebondC、mortgagebondD、corporatebond25._______isstockwithfirstclaimonthecorporation’searningsandassetsaftertheclaimsofbondholders.A、PreferredstockB、StockexchangeC、CommonstockD、Stockcertificates26.Inforeigntrade,________isthefastestmethodofsendingmoneyabroad.A.sightbillB.internationalmoneyordersC.billofexchangeD.telegraphedtransfer27._______isNOTconsideredasanactionthatcouldhurtcompetitionandconsumers.A.PricefixingB.DeceptivepricingC.ResalepricemaintenanceD.Settingtargetreturn28.Marketerscancommunicatewithlargenumbersofpotentialcustomersatthesametimeby_____.A.personalsellingB.directsellingC.masssellingD.sendingleaflets29.Adishonoredbillis____________.A、onethatisnotaccompaniedbyshippinguments.B、onethatisnotpaidontheduedate.C、onethatmustbepaidatsight.D、onethatcannotbecancelled.30.Wecangetinformationaboutacompany’sassetsandliabilitiesfrom_______.A、aninsurancepolicyB、anincomestatementC、abalancesheetD、abillofexchange31.______promotestheuseofaparticularbrandamongcompetingproducts.A.ComparativeadvertisingB.BrandadvertisingC.Primary-demandadvertisingD.Institutionaladvertising32.______willpayapersonmoneywhenhe/sheisunabletowork.A.IncomeinsuranceB.HealthcareinsuranceC.AutoinsuranceD.Lifeinsurance33.Iftheapplesinafruitstorelookveryluscious,andyoubuyadozenwhichactuallyisoutofyourexpectation,wecansaythisactionisakindof______.reflexbuyingB、impulsebuyingC、neitherimpulsebuyingnorreflexbuyingD、installmentbuying34.Inabillofexchange,ifitissaying“30daysaftersight”,thatmeansthebillcanbepaid_____.A.immediatelyB.within30daysafteritisdrawn.C.within30daysafteritispresentedD.regardlessthedate35.WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTbelongto“MarketingMix”?A.PlacementB.ProductC.Point-of-saleD.Promotion36.Asa________,youareoneoftheownersofacompany.stockholderB.bondholderC.vendorD.creditor37.The_______isreachedwhenthemoneyfromthesalesofproductequalsthetotalcostsandexpensesinvolvedinproducingandmarketingit.A、equilibriumpriceB、balancesheetC、pricefixingD、break-evenpoint38.Thesharecapitalofacompanyis________.A、themoneyyousharewithothersB、issuedeitherbyabusinessorbyagovernmentC、stockthatpermitownerstoshareanyprofitsorlossesD、thetotalinvestmentfromalloftheshareholders39.WhichofthefollowingcanNOTberegardedasrealproperty?A、FarmlandB、BuildingsonlandC、ThecomputeronalecturedeskD、Treesinagarden40.The_______isanaccountingstatementthatsummarizesacompany’srevenues,costofgoodssold,expenses,andnetprofitorlossoveraperiodoftime.A.balancesheetB.incomestatementC.premiumstatementD.insurancepolicy41.Anotherfactorthataffectsthepriceofbondsisthecreditratingofcompanyorgovernmentunitissuingthebond.A.ratinggiventoanindividualorbusinessfirmasacreditrisk,basedonpastrecordsofdebtrepayment,financialstatus,etc.B.ratinggiventoacompanyastoitssalespowerC.assessmentofacompany’sproductionD.assessmentofacompany’smoneydepositedinthebank.42.Wheninterestpaymentsaredueonabearerbond,itspossessorclipsacouponfromthebondandsendsthecoupontotheissuerforpayment.A.acertificateorticketentitlingtheholdertoaspecifiedright,asreducedpurchasepriceB.adetachableprintedstatementonabond,specifyingtheinterestdueatagiventimeC.apartofaprintedadvertisementasforuseinorderinggoods,samples,orliteratureD.aformsurrenderedinordertoobtainanarticle,service,oraccommodation43.Sinceourreceiptsdonotalwaysmatchoutexpenditures,wegenerallykeepsomemoneyinacheckingaccountbalance.A.payrollB.paymentC.incomeD.property44.Severalattemptstounionizetheworkforcehavebeendefeatedbymarginsashighas3to1.A.edgeorborderB.blankspaceonapageC.differencebetweenthebuyingandsellingD.differenceintheamountofvotes45.Buyersofthesegoodsusuallyprovideprospectivesupplierswithadescriptionoftheproductorserviceandrequestthatbidsorpricequotationsbesubmitted.A.servicesB.ordersC.productsD.offersofprices46.Ofthefollowing,______arenormallyNOTconsideredakindofsecurities.A.mutualfundsharesB.registeredbondsC.commonstocksD.savingsaccounts47._______istheprotectionagainsteconomiclossprovidedbysharingtheriskwithothers.A.FinanciallossB.InsuranceC.PremiumD.Stock48._______areusedbytheconsumerorhouseholdthatbuysthemandcomeinaready-to-useformthatcallsfornofurtherindustrialorcommercialprocessing.A.ConsumergoodsB.ConveniencegoodsC.ShoppinggoodsD.Durablegoods49.Thenormsandexpectationsaboutthewaypeopledothingsinaspecificcountryare________.A.customsB.valuesC.modesofconductD.statesofexistence50.________referstopromotionactivitiesthatstimulateinterest,trialorpurchasebyfinalcustomersorothersinthechannel.A.AdvertisingB.SalespromotionC.PublicityD.MasssellingIII.Inthispart,therearesomereadingpassagesfollowedby5questionsorunfinishedstatementseach.ForeachofthemtherearefouranswersmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestoneaccordingtoyourunderstanding.PassageOneBillGates,thebillionaireMicrosoftchairmanwithoutasingleearneduniversitydegree,isbyhissuccessraisingnewdoubtsabouttheworthofthebusinessworld’sfavoriteacademictitle:theMBA(MasterofBusinessAdministration).TheMBA,a20th-centuryproduct,alwayshasbornethemarkoflowlycommerceandgreed(贪婪)onthetree-linedcampusesruledbypurerdisciplinessuchasphilosophyandliterature.Butevenwiththerecessionapparentlycuttingintothehiringofbusinessschoolgraduates,about79,000peopleareexpectedtoreceiveMBAsin1993.Thisisnearly16timesthenumberofbusinessgraduatesin1960,atestimony(宣言)tothewidespreadassumptionthattheMBAisvitalforyoungmenandwomenwhowanttoruncompaniessomeday. “Ifyouaregoingintothecorporateworlditisstilladisadvantagenottohaveone,”saidDonaldMorrison,professorofmarketingandmanagementscience.“Butinthelastfiveyearsorso,whensomeonesays,‘ShouldIattempttogetanMBA,’theansweralotmoreis:Itdepends.” ThesuccessofBillGatesandothernon-MBAs,suchasthelateSamWaltonofWal-MartStoresInc.,hashelpedinspireself-consciousdebatesonbusinessschoolcampusesovertheworthofabusinessdegreeandwhethermanagementskillscanbetaught. TheHarvardBusinessReviewprintedalively,fictionalexchangeofletterstodramatizecomplaintsaboutbusinessdegreeholders. ThearticlecalledMBAhires“extremelydisappointing”andsaid“MBAswanttomoveuptoofast,theydon’tunderstandpoliticsandpeople,andtheyaren’tabletofunctionaspartofateamuntiltheirthirdyear.Butbythen,they’reoutlookingforotherjobs.” Theproblem,mostparticipantsinthedebateacknowledge,isthattheMBAhasacquiredanaura(光环)offuturerichesandpowerfarbeyonditsactualimportanceandusefulness.Enrollmentinbusinessschoolsexplodedinthe1970sand1980sandcreatedtheassumptionthatnoonewhopursuedabusinesscareercoulddowithoutone.Thegrowthwasfueledbyabacklash(反冲)againsttheanti-businessvaluesofthe1960sandbythewomen’smovement.BusinesspeoplewhohavehiredorworkedwithMBAssaythosewiththedegreesoftenknowhowtoanalyzesystemsbutarenotsoskillfulatmotivatingpeople.“Theydon’tgetalotofgroundinginthepeoplesideofthebusiness,”saidJamesShaffer,vice-presidentandprincipaloftheTowersPer-finmanagementconsultingfirm.1. AccordingtoParagraph2,whatisthegeneralattitudetowardsbusinessoncampusesdominatedbypurerdisciplines?ScornfulAppreciative.Envious.Realistic.2.Itseemsthatthecontroversy(争辩)overthevalueofMBAdegreeshasbeenfueledmainlyby______.thecomplaintsfromvariousemployersthesuccessofmanynon-MBAsthecriticismfromthescientistsofpurerdisciplinesthepoorperformanceofMBAsatwork3.WhatisthemajorweaknessofMBAholdersaccordingtoTheHarvardBusinessReview?Theyareusuallyserf-centered.Theyareaggressiveandgreedy.Theykeepcomplainingabouttheirjobs.Theyarenotgoodatdealingwithpeople.4.FromthepassageweknowthatmostMBAs______.canclimbthecorporateladderfairlyquicklyquittheirjobsoncetheyarefamiliarwiththeirworkmatesreceivesalariesthatdonotmatchtheirprofessionaltrainingcherishunrealisticexpectationsabouttheirfuture5.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?WhythereisanincreasedenrollmentinMBAprograms.ThenecessityofreformingMBAprogramsinbusinessschools.DoubtsabouttheworthofholdinganMBAdegree.Adebateheldrecentlyonuniversitycampuses.PassageTwoTherelationshipbetweenthehomeandmarketeconomieshadgonethroughtwodistinctstages.Earlyindustrializationbegantheprocessoftransferringsomeproductionprocesses(e.g.cloth-making,sewingandcanningfoods)fromthehometothemarketplace.Althoughthehomeeconomycouldstillproducethesegoods,theprocesseswerelaboriousandthemarketeconomywasusuallymoreefficient.Soonthemoreimportantsecondstagewasevident--themarketplacebeganproducinggoodsandservicesthathadneverbeenproducedbythehomeeconomy,andthehomeeconomywasunabletoproducethem(e.g.electricityandelectricalappliances,theautomobile,advancededucation,sophisticatedmedicalcare).Inthesecondstage,thequestionofwhetherthehomeeconomywaslessefficientinproducingthesenewgoodsandserviceswasirrelevant;ifthefamilyweretoenjoythesefruitsofindustrialization,theywouldhavetobeobtainedinthemarketplace.Thetraditionalwaysoftakingcareoftheseneedsinthehomesuchasinnursingthesick,becameunacceptable(and,inmostseriouscases,probablylesssuccessful).Justastheappearanceoftheautomobilemadetheuseofthehorsedrawncarriageillegalandthenimpractical,andtheappearanceoftelevisionchangedtheradiofromasourceofentertainmenttoasourceofbackgroundmusic,somostofthefruitsofeconomicgrowthdidnotincreasetheoptionsavailabletothehomeeconomytoeitherproducethegoodsorservicesorpurchasetheminthemarket.Growthbroughtwithitincreasedvarietyinconsumergoods,butnotincreasedflexibilityforthehomeeconomyinobtainingthesegoodsandservices.Instead,economicgrowthbroughtwithitincreasedconsumerrelianceonthemarketplace.Inordertoconsumethesenewgoodsandservices,thefamilyhadtoenterthemarketplaceaswageearnersandconsumers.Theneoclassical(新古典主义的)modelthatviewsthefamilyasdecidingwhethertoproducegoodsandservicesdirectlyortopurchasetheminthemarketplaceisbasicallyamodelofthefirststage.Itcannotaccuratelybeappliedtothesecond(andcurrent)stage.6.Thereasonwhymanyproductionprocessesweretakenoverbythemarketplacewasthat______.itwasanecessarystepintheprocessofindustrializationtheydependedonelectricityavailableonlytothemarketeconomyitwastroublesometoproducesuchgoodsinthehomethemarketplacewasmoreefficientwithrespecttotheseprocesses7.Itcanbeseenfromthepassagethatinthesecondstage______.sometraditionalgoodsandserviceswerenotsuccessfulwhenprovidedbythehomeeconomythemarketeconomyprovidednewgoodsandservicesneverproducedbythehomeeconomyproducingtraditionalfoodsathomebecamesociallyneverproducedbythehomeeconomywhethernewgoodsandserviceswereproducedbythehomeeconomybecameirrelevant8.Duringthesecondstage,ifthefamilywantedtoconsumenewgoodsandservices,theyhadtoenterthemarketplace______.aswageearnersbothasmanufacturersandconsumersbothasworkersandpurchasersascustomers9.Economicgrowthdidnotmakeitmoreflexibleforthehomeeconomytoobtainthenewgoodsandservicesbecause______.thefamilywasnotefficientinproductionitwasillegalforthehomeeconomytoproducethemitcouldnotsupplythembyitselfthemarketforthesegoodsandserviceswaslimited10.Theneoclassicalmodelisbasicallyamodelofthefirststage,becauseatthisstage______.Thefamilycouldrelyeitheronthehomeeconomyorthemarketplacefortheneededgoodsandservices.manyproductionprocesseswerebeingtransferredtothemarketplaceconsumersreliedmoreandmoreonthemarketeconomythefamilycoulddecidehowtotransferproductionprocessestothemarketplacePassageThreeAsisknowntoall,theorganizationandmanagementofwagesandsalariesareverycomplicated.Generallyspeaking,theAccountDepartmentisresponsibleforcalculationsofpay,whilethePersonnelDepartmentisinterestedindiscussionswiththeemployeesaboutpay.Ifafirmwantstoadoptanewwageandsalarystructure,itisessentialthatthefirmshoulddecideonamethodofjobevaluationandwaysofmeasuringtheperformanceofitsemployees.Inordertobesuccessful,thatnewpaystructurewillneedagreementbetweenTradeUnionsandemployers.Injobevaluation,alloftherequirementsofeachjobaredefinedinadetailedjobdescription.Eachofthoserequirementsisgivenavalue,generallyin“points”,whichareaddedtogethertogiveatotalvalueforthejob.Formiddleandhighermanagement,aspecialmethodisusedtoevaluatemanagersontheirknowledgeofthejob,theirresponsibility,andtheirabilitytosolveproblems.Becauseofthedifficultyinmeasuringmanagementwork,however,jobgradesformanagersareoftendecidedwithoutreferencetoanevaluationsystembasedonpoints.Inattemptingtodesignapaysystem,thePersonnelDepartmentshouldcomparethevalueofeachjobwiththoseinthejobmarket.Itshouldalsoconsidereconomicfactorssuchasthecostoflivingandthelaborsupply.Itisnecessarythatpaymentforajobshouldvarywithanydistinctionsinthewaythatjobisperformed.Whereitissimpletomeasuretheworkdone,asintheworkdonewiththehands,monetaryencouragementschemesareoftenchosen;forindirectworkers,wheremeasurementisdifficult,methodsofadditionalpaymentsareemployed.11.Ifacompanywantsitsnewpaystructuretobesuccessful,itisnecessaryto_______.A.givetheworkersextrapaytoencouragethemB.sharethesameopinionbetweentheTradeUnionandtheemployersC.consultsomeproblemsassociatedwithpayD.adoptaspecialwaytoevaluatetheperformanceofitsemployees12. Themethodsofadditionalpaymentsareadoptedforindirectworkersbecause__________.A.theydon'thaveahigherpayB.thefirmhasn'tenoughfundC.themeasurementoftheirworkisverydifficultD.theirworkislessimportantthanthatofotherworkers13.Whatshouldafirmconsiderindesigninganewpaysystem?A.Thevalueofeachjobalone.B.Themethodofcalculatingthepay.C.Therequirementsofeachjob.D.Thelaborsupplyandthecostofliving.14.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat_______.A.onlytheAccountsDepartmentisinvolvedinthemanagementofsalariesB.differentjobperformancesshouldbegivendifferentpaymentsC.anevaluationsystembasedonpointsisusuallyusedtomeasuremanagementworkD.evaluatingmanagementworkmakesnodifferencefromotherwork15.Themainpurposeofthispassageisto_______.A.explainhowtheperformanceofajobcanbemeasuredinpointsB.describetheresponsibilitiesofvariousdepartmentsC.tellreadershowafirmcansucceedinadoptinganewpaysystemD.tellreadershowdifficultthemanagementworkisPassageFourTheso-calledAmericanizationphenomenonseemstobeaconsequenceoftherecentglobalizationinourworld.IfwefindAmericanproductsworldwide,itisalsoincreasinglycommontofindAsianproductsintheUnitedStates.GoingtoanycountryinAsianowadays,wearegoingtoseealotoftheAmericanicons(图标)everywhere.AfewyearsagowhenIwasinHo-Chi-MinCity,formerlyknownasSaigon,Iwascompletelyastonishedatthenumberofbillboardsadvertisingproductsfrommultinationalcompanies,manyofthemAmerican.Itisunforgettableforme—thevisionofthespectacularCoca-ColabillboardonaHo-Chi-MinStreet.LivingintheUnitedSlatesnow,lamdiscoveringmanyAsianproductsinAmerica,fromfoodtomovies.InonedayinSanFrancisco,orSeattle,orHouston,wecanbuySisheidocosmeticsfromJapanattheGalleriaMall,havesushi(寿司)andsashimi(生鱼片)inoneofthemanyJapaneserestaurantsinthecity,gotothecinemaandenjoythebeautifulAmerican-ChinesemovieCrouchingTiger,HiddenDragon,andtakehomespringrollsfromoneofthemanyChineserestaurantsintown.Iunderstandthatagreatmanypeoplewouldliketoholdhacktheglobalizationprocessintheworldbecausetheythinktheyarelosingtheirownculture,butitisverydifficulttostopthisprocess.Wecanonlytrytobecriticalandchoosewhatisbestforustohaveortobuy.However,manypeoplethinkthatyoungpeoplearenotfreetochoosewhentheyareconstantlyexposedtoattractiveadvertisementsthatarespeciallymadetocapturetheyouthmarket.Peacefulprotestscouldbearrangedjusttohelppeopletothinkaboutthesituation,butthetendencyinourworldisthatwewantglobalization,butwedon'twanttoloseourownculture.16.TheAmericanizationphenomenonismorepossibletobetheresultof______.A.theinfluenceofAmericanizationontheworldB.theinfluenceoftheWestontheEastC.theglobalizationintheworldD.Americanproductsworldwide17.Whatwastheauthorinthepassageparticularlyimpressedby?A.ThewonderfulAmerican-Chinesemovie.B.ThedeliciousJapanesefoodinAmericancities.C.ThehighqualityofAsianproducts.D.ThefantasticadvertisementforanAmericanproduct.18.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethatoneoftheconsequencesofglobalizationthatmanypeopleworryaboutis______.A.thespreadofculturefromonecountrytoanotherB.thedestructionofculturalidentitiesC.theprevalenceofAmericancultureD.theresistancetoglobalizationworldwide19.Whatattitudeshouldwehavetowardstheglobalizationprocess?A.Disapproving.B.Pessimistic.C.Critical.D.Indifferent.20.Youngpeopletodaycan'treallychoosewhattheyshouldbuybecausethey_______.A.areinfluencedbyAmericancultureB.don'tknowwhatissuitableforthemC.arecriticalabouteverythingintheworldD.arefacedwithtoomanypowerfuladvertisementsPassageFivePresentpensionstructuresnolongerwork.Theywereestablishedinamoreyouthfulperiodwithrelativelyfewolderpeoplewhowereoftenpoorandill,andgenerallyspentonlyashorttimeinretirement.Inrichcountriestoday,olderpeopleareoftenwell-offandingoodhealth,andarespendingaround20yearsinretirement.Thereforethereistheneedforreform.Thissurveyhaspresentedtheargumentsformoreprivatefundingandforfairerpensions.Suchchangeswillcreatemotivesforindividualstotakechargeoftheirownretirementneedsratherthanleavingthetasktothestate.This,inturn,willmaketheprovisionofpublicpensionsmoreaffordable.Evenso,thestatewillcontinuetoplayaleadingroleinpensions.Ataminimum,governm