定语从句和名词性从句的区别和练习

定语从句（AttributiveClauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。e.g.Sheisthegirlwhotalkedtomeyesterday.名词性从句（NounClauses）---主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句在句中做主语、宾语、表语和同位语的成份。e.g.Idon’tknowwhosheis.(宾语)ThisiswhyIcamehere.（表语）区别：第一，定语从句有先行词，且先行词可以放入后面的从句中使从句完整；名词性从句中的主语从句、表语从句和宾语从句没有先行词，同位语从句有先行词但在从句中不做成分。e.g.Thenewsthattheytoldmeexcitedme.（thenews可以放入从句中，使句子完整，即theytoldmethenews）Thenewsthatourteamwonexcitedme.(thenews无法放入从句中，所以是同位语从句）第二，在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(NounClauses）。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。第三，最关键也是最重要的区别：1.名词性从句和定语从句的最本质的不同点在于，前者在句子中做名词，而后者相当于形容词，修饰或限制名词或代词。名词性从句由that引导时，通常不充当从句的句子成分，故that可省去。但定语从句由that引导时，如在从句中充当主语时，则that不能省去。2.使用中最大的区别：定语从句由于在句子中只作定语，故去掉它，整个句子还完整，就像普通的句子去掉一个定语不影响原句的完整性一样。但名词性从句由于它们充当的是句子的骨干成分（主语，宾语或表语），故去掉它们，原句就不通了。如下面的A句，去掉了主语从句Thathehasbecomearichman，原句变成isknowntoallinourtown。就失去了完整性。而B句，去掉定语从句部分thatisonthedesk后，原句变成Thepenismine还是通的。A：Thathehasbecomearichmanisknowntoallinourtown.B：Thepenthatisonthedeskismine.【各个击破】名词性从句1．Hegotangrywith_______shesaid．A．thatB．whichC．whatD.allwhat2．Can’tyoufindout______wrongwiththeTVset.A．whichB．that’sC．what’sD.whereis3.______theywillhaveagoodharvestthisyearisstillunknown．A．WhetherB．IfC．WhichD.That4．Allthebooksarehere．Youmayborrow_____youlike．A．whichB．thatC．whatD.whichever5．Thenews_____toMountA．wewouldgoB．whichwewouldgoC．thatwewouldgoD.wouldgo6．Wecouldhardlyunderstand_____．A．whatthemanwastalkingaboutB．thatthemanwastalkingaboutC．whatwasthemantalkingaboutD．themanwastalkingaboutwhat7．_____isthatIhavepromisedtomakefriendswiththedishonestgirl.A．TheonlythingwhatIregretB.WhatIregretmostC．AllwhatIreallyregretmostD.WhatthatIregretmost8．______sheislivingnowisnotknowntoanybody.A．WhatB．WhenC．WhereD.Why9．Thisis_____theriverhasbeenpolluted．A．whatB．whyC．thatD.whether10．Thatis______hewasborn.A．whatB．thatC．whereD.whether定语从句1．Thisisthefactory______theyvisitedtheotherday．A．thatB．whereC．towhichD．what2．Jeannewasheroldfriend，_____sheborrowedanecklace．A．fromwhoB．fromwhomC．tothatD．towhom3.Thisbookisforthestudents_____nativelanguageisnotEnglish．A．thatB．ofwhomC．whoseD．who4．Areyoutheman_____bicyclewasstolen?A．whoisB．whoseC．hisD．ofwhichthe5.Idon’tliketheway___hespoketome.A.whatB.bywhichC.bythatD./6.Hemakesgooduseofthetime______hecanspare．A．thatB．inwhichC．inthatD．when7．“Those_____toseethenewfilmwritedownyournames，please．”A．wantB．whoC．thatwantsD．whowant8.XiaoHuang，___yourgoodfriend,willtryherbesttohelpyouout．A．whoisB．whoamC．thatamD．whatis9.HehastwoChinese-Englishdictionaries，____wereboughtlastweek．A．twoofwhichB．bothofwhichC．bothofthemD．allofwhom10．Asaleswomanis_____sellsgoods．A．athingthatB．somethingthatC．awomanwhoD．awomanwhat综合练习1.Isthisthefactory_____youvisitedtheotherday?A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone2.Isthisfactory____someforeignfriendsvisitedlastFriday?A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone3.Isthisthefactory_____heworkedtenyearsago?A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone4.Thewolveshidthemselvesintheplaces_____couldn’tbefound.A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.inthat5.Thereasonis____heisunabletooperatethemachine.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.whether6.Maythefourthistheday____weChinesepeoplewillneverforget.A.whichB.whenC.onwhichD.aboutwhich7.WearegoingtospendtheSpringFestivalinGuangzhou,_____livemygrandparentsandsomerelatives.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.where8.Hehastwosons,__________workaschemists.A.twoofwhomB.bothofwhomC.bothofwhichD.allofwhom9.Whocanthinkofasituation____thisidiomcanbeused?A.whichB.thatC.whereD.inthat10.____peoplespendsomuchmoneyontheirpets____usalot.A.That;surprisesB.What;surprisingC.How;aresurprisedD.That;issurprised11.Thethought____LaoGaowouldopenaSichuanrestaurantinLosAngelessurprisedhiswifeA.thatB.whatC.whetherD.if12.____wearedoinghasneverbeendonebefore.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhichD.Whether13.____shecouldn’tunderstandwas____fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlesson.A.What;whyB.That;whatC.What;becauseD.Why;that14.Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtis____mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.A.whenB.howC.whetherD.why15.____leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.Who16.Goandgetyourcoat.It’s____youleftit.A.thereB.whereC.therewhereD.wherethe