现在分词讲解-可教学课件

现在分词用法归纳

modifiedbylex现在分词用法归纳一、现在分词的结构二、现在分词的结构含义三、现在分词的句法功能四、独立主格结构五、现在分词的主动表被动含义知识提纲一、现在分词的结构知识提纲一、现在分词的结构

主动形式被动形式一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone否定式：在现在分词的前面直接加not

一、现在分词的结构主动形式被动形式一般式doingb1.现在分词的主动式的一般式和完成式。一般式用来指和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的行为；完成式（having+过去分词）用来指在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。如：Beingastudent,

hewasinterestedinbooks.

Havingstudiedinuniversityfor3years,

heknowsthewayverywell.二、现在分词的结构含义1.现在分词的主动式的一般式和完成式。一般式用来指和谓语动词2.现在分词的被动式的一般式和完成式。当句子的主语是分词动作的承受者时，分词用被动语式；如果强调分词的动作先于谓语的动作，就用分词完成式被动形式。如：Thequestionbeingdiscussedisimportant.Havingbeencriticizedbytheteacher,LiMinggaveupsmoking.【注】：beingdone不能作状语

havingbeendone不能作定语2.现在分词的被动式的一般式和完成式。当句子的主语是分词动作分词不管充当什么成分，都和所修饰的名词或者代词或者句子的主语形成主谓关系。1.作定语分词短语作定语时，分词短语放在被修饰的名词之后；单个分词作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之前。相当于定语从句。如：Themanstandingbythewindowsisourteacher.（standing和所修饰的man形成主谓关系）Inthefollowingyearsheworkedevenharder.三、现在分词的句法功能〓

whoisstandingbythewindows〓

Intheyearsthatfollowed

分词不管充当什么成分，都和所修饰的名词或者代词或者句子的主语【注】分词作前置定语(不同含义）

1.下列由动词变成形容词化的分词表达不同的含义。V-ing表示他人他物令人感到怎么样。V-ed本身自己感到怎么样。

interesting,interested;exciting,excited;annoying,annoyed;amazing,amazed;amusing,amused;

astonishing,astonished;boring,bored;confusing,confused;disappointing,disappointed;encouraging,encouraged;embarrassing,embarrassed;frightening,frightened;inspiring,inspired

Hehada________(terrifying,terrified)lookinhiseyes.Theboyansweredina________(frightening,frightened)voice.terrifiedfrightened【注】分词作前置定语(不同含义）terrifiedfrighHis

son

was

.

The

old

man

felt

unhappy.His

son

was

,soheregrettednothavingpreparedmuchforthetest.

2.有些形容词化的分词表到不同的含义。V-ing表示动作正在进行。V-ed表示动作已完成，不表被动。

rising/risen,falling/fallen,developing/developed,changing/changed,fading/faded,boiled/boiling,drowning/drowned

Chinaisadevelopingcountry.(发展中的)Americaisadevelopedcountry.（发达的）

disappointingdisappointedHis

son

wasboilingwaterboiledwaterfadingflowersfadedflowersadrowningmanadrownedmanfallingleavesfallenleavesaretiredworkeranescapedprisonerreturnedstudents

正在沸腾的已经沸腾过的正在凋谢的已经凋谢的快要淹死的已经淹死的正在飘落的树叶落叶退休工人逃犯归国留学生正在沸腾的已经沸腾过的正在凋谢的已经凋谢的快要淹死的已经淹死分词作定语相当于定语从句(1).Theboysittingunderthattreeismybrother.Theboywhoissittingunderthattreeismybrother.Iknowthepeoplebuildingthehousethere.Iknowthepeoplewhoarebuildingthehousethere分词作定语相当于定语从句

ThebuildingcompletedlastmonthisabankThebuildingthatwascompletedlast

monthisabankThehousebeingbuiltoverthereisashop.被动,正在建

Thehousethatisbeingbuiltoverthereisashop.Thehousebuiltoverthereisashop.（被动、已建好）Thehousethatisbuiltoverthereisashop.Thebuildingcompletedlastm2作表语。如：Thenewsisinspiring.3.作宾语补足语。如：Wesawtheteachermakingtheexperiment.

注意：在see，hear，watch，fell，observe，have，notice等动词后，既可以用现在分词构成复合宾语，也可以用不定式构成复合宾语，但两者的含义是有区别的，用现在分词，表示动作正在发生（即处于发生的过程中，还没有结束），用不定式表示动作发生了（即动作全过程结束了）。如：Isawthegirlgettingonthebus.Isawthegirlgetintothecaranddriveoff.

2作表语。如：【注】：“have+宾语+现在分词”表示主体使客体处于某状态或干什么事；“have+宾语+过去分词”表示动作是别人做的或与主体意志无关。如：Hehadhisclotheswashed.

（他叫别人洗了衣服。）Wehadthefireburningallday.

（我们使火燃烧了一整天。）【注】：“have+宾语+现在分词”表示主体使客体处1.语态时态含义：（主动与被动，一般时与完成时，时间状语，原因状语，方式/伴随状语，条件状语，结果状语，让步状语）2.主语一致性：分词语态与主句主语一致3.避免重复连词4.否定词位置5.有些动词是被动结构主动含义6.有些动词分词作为插入语7.Beingdone不做状语4.作状语1.语态时态含义：（主动与被动，一般时与完成时主语一致性动词的现在分词和过去分词形式都可以引导一个分词短语作句子的状语。一般来说，不管用现在分词还是过去分词作状语，分词的逻辑主语都应当与句子的实际主语保持一致。如：

1.Hearingthenews,histearsrolleddownhisface.Whenheheardthenews,histearsrolleddownhisface.2.Wateredintime,hecouldgrowtheflowerbetterthanbefore.Wateringtheflowerintime,hecouldgrowtheflowerbetterthanbefore.Wateredintime,theflowercouldgrowbetterthanbefore.错错主语一致性动词的现在分词和过去分词形式都可以引导一个A.作时间状语：___________(wander)throughthesquare,Icaughtsightofasnake-charmer.WhileIwaswanderingthroughthesquare,Icaughtsightofasnake-charmer.B.作原因状语：

_________(know)heraddress,wecouldgetintouchwithher.Becauseweknewheraddress,wecouldgetintouchwithher.

WanderingKnowingA.作时间状语：WanderingKnowingC.方式/伴随状语;

Shewatchedthefilm,_______(weep)and_______(sigh).Shewatchedthefilm,whilesheweptandsighedD.作条件状语：

________(play)allday,youwillwasteyourvaluabletime.Ifyouplayallday,youwillwasteyourvaluabletime.weepingsighingPlayingweepingsighingPlayingE.作结果状语：(意料中的结果)

Thehuntersfired,__________(shoot)oneofthewolves.

区别:不定式表示意外的结果

Hehurriedtothestation,only_______(find)thetrainhadleft.

F.作让步状语：

________(rain)heavily,itclearedupverysoon.

Thoughitrainedheavily,itclearedupverysoon.

shootingtofindRainingE.作结果状语：(意料中的结果)

Thehunters1、某些表示内在品质和性能的不及物动词的非进行体形式，如：lock(锁)，open(开),clean（弄干净,move（移动）,wash（洗）,sell（卖）,write（写）,weigh（称重）,measure（量）,read（读）,shut（关）,break（打碎）,ride（骑）,wear（穿）,addup（加起来）等等,句中往往用物作主语，且与一个行为方式状语（常用作行为方式状语的副词有：well,easily,long,fast,smoothly,rough等等）连或用于否定，表示某物展示出的该动作的某一特性，该特性促使动作得以实现或难以实现。例如：

Glassbreakseasily.玻璃易打碎。

Mypenwritessmoothly.我的钢笔好写。

Thiskindofcarsellsverywell.这种车销路很好。

Thematerialwon’twear.这种材料不经久耐用。

四、用主动表达被动含义的动词1、某些表示内在品质和性能的不及物动词的非进行体形式，如：l2、某些表状态的联系动词，如look,smell,taste,feel,sound等等，它通常以形容词作表语，一般不跟副词，不与tobe连用。

Cottonfeelssoft.棉花摸起来很柔软。

Helooksblue.他显得神情沮丧。

Thisdishtastesdelicious.这道菜味道鲜美。

Hisconclusionsoundedreasonable.他的结论听起来很合理。2、某些表状态的联系动词，如look,smell,ta有些动词看似被动用主动在用法上的体现

_____________delicious,thesoupwassoldoutsoonerorlater.A.TosmellB.SmelledC.SmeltD.Smelling_____suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.

A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.SufferedDA有些动词看似被动用主动在用法上的体现___________被动结构主动含义(括号中是对应的主动结词）

beseated(sit),bedressed(wear),bedevotedto(devotesth.to)beinvolvedin，beaddictedtobeabsorbedin，befacedwith(face/faceupto)beconvinced(believe)，beoccupiedwithbedeterminedto，beintendedforbasedon(dependingon)belocatedin(liein/standin)beinformedof(know)被动结构主动含义(括号中是对应的主动结词）

对比1.Thefilmwasmadebasedonatrueoldstory.Thefilmwasmadedependingonatrueoldstory.2.Devotedtohisresearch,healmostforgoteverything.

Devotinghimselftohisresearch,healmostforgoteverything.3.Thewomankepthereyesfixedonherbabyforquitesometime.Thewomankepthereyeslookingatherbabyforquitesometime.

分词作插入语

但是也有分词的逻辑主语与句子的实际主语不一致的情况，如：

分词作插入语的结构是固定的，意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。例如：

generallyspeaking一般说来，talkingof（speakingof）说道

strictlyspeaking严格的说，judgingfrom从…判断

allthingsconsidered从整体来看，considering---考虑到------takingallthingsintoconsideration全面看来

providedthat---/supposingthat---如果------例如：Judgingfromhisface,hemustbeill.从他的脸色看，他一定是病了。____________thepast,ourlifeisbecomingmuchbetter.ComparingwithB.BecomparedwithC.TocomparewithD.ComparedWithD分词作插入语

但是也有分词的逻辑主语与句子的实际主语不一致有些动词含义不同，同一动词两种语态1.Consideringhisage,heisnotfitforthejob.

Consideredthebestdetective,hewassenttotrackdowntheassassin2.Judgingfrompastperformances,heisnotlikelytodoverywellinhisexams.Judgedunpractical,theplanwasabandoned.有些动词含义不同，同一动词两种语态1.Considering下面考考你，看你是否已经掌握了这一点。1.____fromhisaccent,hemustbefromAustralia.A.JudgingB.Judged2.____innocent,hewassetfree.A.JudgingB.Judged

3.____thestateofmindshewasin,she’dbetterstayathome.A.ConsideringB.Considered

4.____mostuseful,Englishisstudiedbymillionsofpeopleintheworld.A.ConsideringB.Considered

5._____tobethesymbolofthenation,theGreatWallhasbeenwellpreserved.A.ConsideringB.Considered

ABABB下面考考你，看你是否已经掌握了这一点。1.____from动词三种形态比较_________(catch)theearlybus,hegotupearly.___________(catch)theearlybus,andyoucannotmissthemeeting.__________(catch)theearlybus,youcannotmissthemeeting.TocatchCatchCatching动词三种形态比较_________(catch)the

从句与主句主语不一致时使用

独立结构

名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词；

名词(代词)+形容词；

名词(代词)+副词；

名词(代词)+不定式；

名词(代词)+介词短语构成。从句与主句主语不一致时使用Theletterhavingbeenwritten,hetookittothepost．Whentheletterhadbeenwritten,hetookittothepost．Noonebeingagainstit,wewilladopttheproposal．Sincenooneisagainstit,wewilladopttheproposal．Theletterhavingbeenwritten1.______nobus,wehadtowalkhome.

A.Therewas

B.Therebeing

C.BecausetherebeingD.Therewere

2.____,I'llgotherewithyoutomorrowafternoon.

A.Timepermits

B.Iftimepermitted

C.Timepermitting

D.Time'spermitting

3._____,weallwenthomehappily.

A.GoodbyewassaidB.GoodbyehadbeensaidC.GoodbyesaidD.Whengoodbyesaid

4._____,weallwentswimminginhighspirits.

A.Itbeingfineweather

B.It’sbeingfineweather

C.Itwasfineweather

D.Itbeingafineweather

5.__________,Ihadtobuyanewone.

A.Mydictionarylosing

B.Mydictionaryhavingbeenlost

C.Mydictionaryhadbeenlost

D.Becausemydictionarylost

高考连接1.______nobus,wehadtowa6.____productionupby60%,thecompanyhashadanotherexcellentyear.

A.As

B.For

C.With

D.Through

7.Withalotofwork____,Ihavetosituptonight.

A.do

B.doing

C.done

D.todo

8.Hestoodtheresilently,hislips_____.

A.trembling

B.trembled

C.weretrembling

D.weretrembling

9._________,hersuggestionisofgreatervaluethanyours.

A.Allthingsconsidering

B.Allthingsconsidered

C.Allthingswereconsidered

D.Withallthingswereconsidered

6.____productionupby60%I.Multiplechoice:1.

_____

the

distance

was

too

long

and

the

time

was

short,

we

decided

not

to

drive

to

Florida.

A.

DiscoveringB.

To

discover

C.

To

have

discovered

D.

Discovered

2.

----Hi,

Mary.

Would

you

like

to

go

to

the

concert

this

evening?

----Sorry,

Tom.

____

tomorrow’s

lessons,

I

have

no

time

to

go

out

with

you.

A.

Not

preparing

B.

Not

having

prepared

C.

Not

to

prepare D.

Being

not

prepared3.

The

building

_____

will

be

completed

in

a

month.

It

will

be

our

lab

building.

A.

to

paint

B.

being

painted

C.

to

have

painted

D.

painting

I.Multiplechoice:4.

She

reached

the

top

of

the

hill

and

stopped

_____

on

a

big

rock

by

the

side

of

the

path.

A.

to

have

rested

B.

resting

C.

to

rest

D.

rest

5.

—The

English

exam

is

not

difficult,

is

it?

—_____.

Even

Tom

_____

to

the

top

students

failed

in

it.A.

Yes;

belongs

B.

No;

belongedC.

Yes;

belonging

D.

No;

belonging

现在分词讲解--可教学课件6.

.---What

do

you

suppose

made

her

worried?

---_______a

gold

ring.

A.

Lose

B.

Lost

C.

Losing

D.

Because

of

losing

7.

—

Do

you

feel

like

_____

out?

—

No.

I’d

rather

we

_____

a

taxi.

A.

to

drive;

take

B.

to

drive;

took

C.

driving;

take

D.

driving;

took

8.

At

the

end

of

2004,

there

were

around

6,000

foreign

printing

companies

in

China,

_____

up

around

4

percent

of

national

total.

A.

made

B.

to

make

C.

making

D.

having

made

6.

.---What

do

you

suppose

mad10.

---

Lucy

doesn’t

seem

to

be

what

she

was.

---

No．______

so

much

in

the

war

has

made

her

more

thoughtful.

Seen

B.Her

seeing

C.Having

seen

D.To

have

seen

11.

—Is

there

any

possibility

of

the

film____

in

Paris

International

Festival?

—Not

in

the

least,

because

audience

generally

think

little

of

it.

A.

trying

out

B.

tried

out

C.

to

try

out

D.

being

tried

out12.Whenshereturnedhome,shefoundtheroomlightingand______A.enteredB.enteringC.toenterD.enter

10.

---

Lucy

doesn’t

seem

to

b13.

—How

did

you

get

in

touch

with

Mrs.

Green?

—Well,

it

seems

to

me

that

you’ve

forgotten_____her

telephone

number

the

other

day.

A.

to

tell

B.

to

have

told

C.

telling

D.

being

told

14.

_____several

times,

the

young

scientist

still

kept

on

making

his

experiments.

A.

Having

been

failed

B.

Having

failed

C.

Though

failed

D.

Because

of

failure

.13.

—How

did

you

get

in

touc

14.

---What

terrible

weather!

I

simply

can’t

get

the

car

---Why

not

try_____the

engine

with

some

hot

water?

A.

starting;

filling

B.

start;

filling

C.

started;

to

fill

D.

to

start;

fill

15.

That’s

the

best

way

you

thought

of____

into

the

dangerous

areas．

A.stopping

people

gettingB.to

stop

people

getting

C.to

keep

people

getting

D.prevent

people

from

getting

16.

____on

the

top

of

the

mountain

is

an

ancient

tower

_____back

to

2

hundred

years

ago.A.Standing;

dating

B.To

stand;

to

date C.Having

stood;

dating

D.Stand;dated

14.

---What

terrible

weather!1.TheOlympicGames,

in776B.C,didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayedD.tobefirstplaying4.Theboylayonhisback,withhisteeth

,hisrighthand

,andhisglaringeyes

straightupward.A.set,raising,lookedB.set,raised,lookingC.setting,raised,lookedD.toset,raising,looking4.Theboylayonhisback,wi____fromspace,ourearth,withwater

70%ofitssurface,appearsasa“blueplanet”.A.Seeing,coveringB.Havingseen,coveredC.Tosee,coveredD.Seen,covering6.Mybrotherlefttheworkhalf

,foryoucanfindmanybooks

scatteredonthefloor.A.done,lyingB.doing,lainC.do,layD.did,lie____fromspace,ourearth,wit8.Havingbeenservedlunch

.A.theproblemwasdiscussedbythemembersoftheclubB.themembersoftheclubdiscussedtheproblemC.itwasdiscussedbythemembersoftheclubD.adiscussionoftheproblemwasmadebythemembers9.Hehaslotsofbooks,

thatheisstillyoung.A.consideringB.consideredC.beingconsideredD.ourconsidering10.“

moreattention,mypronunciationwillbeimprovedgreatly.”,

and“___moretime,Iwillimprovemypronunciationgreatly”.A.Given,GivingB.Given,GivenC.Giving,GivingD.Giving,Given8.Havingbeenservedlunch11.Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget____bythehour.A.payB.payingC.paidD.topay___isknowtoall,Chinawillbean

andpowerfulcountryin20or30year’time.A.That,advancingB.ThisadvancedC.As,advancedD.It,advancing11.Cleaningwomeninbigciti14.Jackdidn’tgethisbicycle

soonenoughatJack’s,forJohnhadalotofbicycles______atthetime.A.toberepaired,torepairB.repaired,torepairC.torepair,toberepairedD.torepair,repaired15.Shefeltrather

thatsheshoulddrivethecaratsucha

speed.A.frightening,frighteningB.frightened,frightenedC.frightening,frightenedD.frightened,frightening14.Jackdidn’tgethisbicycl16.Thefirsttextbook___forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.

havewritten

B.tobewritten

C.beingwritten

D.written17.Therewasaterriblenoise___thesuddenburstoflight.

followed

B.following

C.tobefollowed

D.beingfollowed18._______,liquidscanbechangedintogases.A.Heating

B.Tobeheated

C.Heated

D.Heat19.Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,___alongspeechforthepresident.A.toprepare

B.preparing

C.prepared

D.waspreparing

20.______areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.

A.Notreceiving

B.Receivingnot

C.Nothavingreceived

D.Havingnotreceived

16.Thefirsttextbook___for21.Hewrotealettertohissister,_________thathewouldnotcomeback.A.saying B.totellC.andtellingD.told22.Wemustkeepthem_______ofwhatisgoingonhere. A.informing B.informed C.toinform D.beinginformed23._____toleavethework______,theykeptatit,_____upuntil2o’clock.A.Notwanting,unfinished,stayed;B.Nottowant,unfinishing,stayedC.Notwanting,unfinished,staying;D.Nottowanting,unfinishing,staying21.Hewrotealettertohiss25.Itisn’t_______thathefailedtopasstheexam.A.surprise B.surprising C.surprised D.tosurprise26.Climbingmountainsis______,soweallfelt______.A.tiring,tired B.tired,tiring C.tiring,tiring D.tired,tired28.Mary,youmustgetyourroom______todayafterschool.cleanedB.CleaningC.toclean D.tobecleaned25.Itisn’t_______thathefa29.Keepyoumouth_______andyoureyes________. A.shut,opened B.shutting,open C.shut,openD.shutting,opened30.Thereisariver_______aroundourschool.A.torun B.running C.run D.toberunning32.Thewatch________nowishers. A.repaired B.toberepaired C.beingrepairedD.havingbeenrepaired33.Mostofthepeople_______tothepartywereoldfriends. A.invited B.inviting C.toinvite D.havingbeeninvited29.Keepyoumouth_______and知识回顾KnowledgeReview知识回顾KnowledgeReview

现在分词用法归纳

modifiedbylex现在分词用法归纳一、现在分词的结构二、现在分词的结构含义三、现在分词的句法功能四、独立主格结构五、现在分词的主动表被动含义知识提纲一、现在分词的结构知识提纲一、现在分词的结构

主动形式被动形式一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone否定式：在现在分词的前面直接加not

一、现在分词的结构主动形式被动形式一般式doingb1.现在分词的主动式的一般式和完成式。一般式用来指和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的行为；完成式（having+过去分词）用来指在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。如：Beingastudent,

hewasinterestedinbooks.

Havingstudiedinuniversityfor3years,

heknowsthewayverywell.二、现在分词的结构含义1.现在分词的主动式的一般式和完成式。一般式用来指和谓语动词2.现在分词的被动式的一般式和完成式。当句子的主语是分词动作的承受者时，分词用被动语式；如果强调分词的动作先于谓语的动作，就用分词完成式被动形式。如：Thequestionbeingdiscussedisimportant.Havingbeencriticizedbytheteacher,LiMinggaveupsmoking.【注】：beingdone不能作状语

havingbeendone不能作定语2.现在分词的被动式的一般式和完成式。当句子的主语是分词动作分词不管充当什么成分，都和所修饰的名词或者代词或者句子的主语形成主谓关系。1.作定语分词短语作定语时，分词短语放在被修饰的名词之后；单个分词作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之前。相当于定语从句。如：Themanstandingbythewindowsisourteacher.（standing和所修饰的man形成主谓关系）Inthefollowingyearsheworkedevenharder.三、现在分词的句法功能〓

whoisstandingbythewindows〓

Intheyearsthatfollowed

分词不管充当什么成分，都和所修饰的名词或者代词或者句子的主语【注】分词作前置定语(不同含义）

1.下列由动词变成形容词化的分词表达不同的含义。V-ing表示他人他物令人感到怎么样。V-ed本身自己感到怎么样。

interesting,interested;exciting,excited;annoying,annoyed;amazing,amazed;amusing,amused;

astonishing,astonished;boring,bored;confusing,confused;disappointing,disappointed;encouraging,encouraged;embarrassing,embarrassed;frightening,frightened;inspiring,inspired

Hehada________(terrifying,terrified)lookinhiseyes.Theboyansweredina________(frightening,frightened)voice.terrifiedfrightened【注】分词作前置定语(不同含义）terrifiedfrighHis

son

was

.

The

old

man

felt

unhappy.His

son

was

,soheregrettednothavingpreparedmuchforthetest.

2.有些形容词化的分词表到不同的含义。V-ing表示动作正在进行。V-ed表示动作已完成，不表被动。

rising/risen,falling/fallen,developing/developed,changing/changed,fading/faded,boiled/boiling,drowning/drowned

Chinaisadevelopingcountry.(发展中的)Americaisadevelopedcountry.（发达的）

disappointingdisappointedHis

son

wasboilingwaterboiledwaterfadingflowersfadedflowersadrowningmanadrownedmanfallingleavesfallenleavesaretiredworkeranescapedprisonerreturnedstudents

正在沸腾的已经沸腾过的正在凋谢的已经凋谢的快要淹死的已经淹死的正在飘落的树叶落叶退休工人逃犯归国留学生正在沸腾的已经沸腾过的正在凋谢的已经凋谢的快要淹死的已经淹死分词作定语相当于定语从句(1).Theboysittingunderthattreeismybrother.Theboywhoissittingunderthattreeismybrother.Iknowthepeoplebuildingthehousethere.Iknowthepeoplewhoarebuildingthehousethere分词作定语相当于定语从句

ThebuildingcompletedlastmonthisabankThebuildingthatwascompletedlast

monthisabankThehousebeingbuiltoverthereisashop.被动,正在建

Thehousethatisbeingbuiltoverthereisashop.Thehousebuiltoverthereisashop.（被动、已建好）Thehousethatisbuiltoverthereisashop.Thebuildingcompletedlastm2作表语。如：Thenewsisinspiring.3.作宾语补足语。如：Wesawtheteachermakingtheexperiment.

注意：在see，hear，watch，fell，observe，have，notice等动词后，既可以用现在分词构成复合宾语，也可以用不定式构成复合宾语，但两者的含义是有区别的，用现在分词，表示动作正在发生（即处于发生的过程中，还没有结束），用不定式表示动作发生了（即动作全过程结束了）。如：Isawthegirlgettingonthebus.Isawthegirlgetintothecaranddriveoff.

2作表语。如：【注】：“have+宾语+现在分词”表示主体使客体处于某状态或干什么事；“have+宾语+过去分词”表示动作是别人做的或与主体意志无关。如：Hehadhisclotheswashed.

（他叫别人洗了衣服。）Wehadthefireburningallday.

（我们使火燃烧了一整天。）【注】：“have+宾语+现在分词”表示主体使客体处1.语态时态含义：（主动与被动，一般时与完成时，时间状语，原因状语，方式/伴随状语，条件状语，结果状语，让步状语）2.主语一致性：分词语态与主句主语一致3.避免重复连词4.否定词位置5.有些动词是被动结构主动含义6.有些动词分词作为插入语7.Beingdone不做状语4.作状语1.语态时态含义：（主动与被动，一般时与完成时主语一致性动词的现在分词和过去分词形式都可以引导一个分词短语作句子的状语。一般来说，不管用现在分词还是过去分词作状语，分词的逻辑主语都应当与句子的实际主语保持一致。如：

1.Hearingthenews,histearsrolleddownhisface.Whenheheardthenews,histearsrolleddownhisface.2.Wateredintime,hecouldgrowtheflowerbetterthanbefore.Wateringtheflowerintime,hecouldgrowtheflowerbetterthanbefore.Wateredintime,theflowercouldgrowbetterthanbefore.错错主语一致性动词的现在分词和过去分词形式都可以引导一个A.作时间状语：___________(wander)throughthesquare,Icaughtsightofasnake-charmer.WhileIwaswanderingthroughthesquare,Icaughtsightofasnake-charmer.B.作原因状语：

_________(know)heraddress,wecouldgetintouchwithher.Becauseweknewheraddress,wecouldgetintouchwithher.

WanderingKnowingA.作时间状语：WanderingKnowingC.方式/伴随状语;

Shewatchedthefilm,_______(weep)and_______(sigh).Shewatchedthefilm,whilesheweptandsighedD.作条件状语：

________(play)allday,youwillwasteyourvaluabletime.Ifyouplayallday,youwillwasteyourvaluabletime.weepingsighingPlayingweepingsighingPlayingE.作结果状语：(意料中的结果)

Thehuntersfired,__________(shoot)oneofthewolves.

区别:不定式表示意外的结果

Hehurriedtothestation,only_______(find)thetrainhadleft.

F.作让步状语：

________(rain)heavily,itclearedupverysoon.

Thoughitrainedheavily,itclearedupverysoon.

shootingtofindRainingE.作结果状语：(意料中的结果)

Thehunters1、某些表示内在品质和性能的不及物动词的非进行体形式，如：lock(锁)，open(开),clean（弄干净,move（移动）,wash（洗）,sell（卖）,write（写）,weigh（称重）,measure（量）,read（读）,shut（关）,break（打碎）,ride（骑）,wear（穿）,addup（加起来）等等,句中往往用物作主语，且与一个行为方式状语（常用作行为方式状语的副词有：well,easily,long,fast,smoothly,rough等等）连或用于否定，表示某物展示出的该动作的某一特性，该特性促使动作得以实现或难以实现。例如：

Glassbreakseasily.玻璃易打碎。

Mypenwritessmoothly.我的钢笔好写。

Thiskindofcarsellsverywell.这种车销路很好。

Thematerialwon’twear.这种材料不经久耐用。

四、用主动表达被动含义的动词1、某些表示内在品质和性能的不及物动词的非进行体形式，如：l2、某些表状态的联系动词，如look,smell,taste,feel,sound等等，它通常以形容词作表语，一般不跟副词，不与tobe连用。

Cottonfeelssoft.棉花摸起来很柔软。

Helooksblue.他显得神情沮丧。

Thisdishtastesdelicious.这道菜味道鲜美。

Hisconclusionsoundedreasonable.他的结论听起来很合理。2、某些表状态的联系动词，如look,smell,ta有些动词看似被动用主动在用法上的体现

_____________delicious,thesoupwassoldoutsoonerorlater.A.TosmellB.SmelledC.SmeltD.Smelling_____suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.

A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.SufferedDA有些动词看似被动用主动在用法上的体现___________被动结构主动含义(括号中是对应的主动结词）

beseated(sit),bedressed(wear),bedevotedto(devotesth.to)beinvolvedin，beaddictedtobeabsorbedin，befacedwith(face/faceupto)beconvinced(believe)，beoccupiedwithbedeterminedto，beintendedforbasedon(dependingon)belocatedin(liein/standin)beinformedof(know)被动结构主动含义(括号中是对应的主动结词）

对比1.Thefilmwasmadebasedonatrueoldstory.Thefilmwasmadedependingonatrueoldstory.2.Devotedtohisresearch,healmostforgoteverything.

Devotinghimselftohisresearch,healmostforgot