高中英语构词法课件

英语快速记忆－构词法语言是随着人类社会的不断发展而发展的。一些旧词的过时意味着需要人们创造出一些新的词，而新的词的产生，大抵服从语法的法则，有其规律可循。语言的这种"弃旧创新"不断完善和发展的过程体现出一种规律--构词法（word-formation）。英语快速记忆－构词法语言是随着人类社会的不断发展而发展的。一1Classify:pathwayfreedomdarkestplaceunfairlockeverydayriversidenursedisagree合成词(有两个或更多的词合成一个词):转化词(将一种词性转化成另一种词性):派生词(在词根上加上前、后缀构成另外一个词):everydaypathwayriversideunfairdarkestdisagreefreedomlockplacenurseClassify:pathwayfreedom2构词法构词法：合成(Compounding)派生法（Derivation）【前缀/后缀】转化法（Conversion）【词性转换】{构词法构词法：合成(Compounding)派生法（Der3合成词Compoundpain-killer＋＝止痛药合成词Compoundpain-killer＋＝止痛药4＋＝color-blind色盲＋＝color-blind色盲5＋＝sleep-walk梦游sleep-walker＋＝sleep-walk梦游sleep-walker61.合成名词(1)n+nairconditionerbloodpressureincometaxcreditcard

(2)adj+n

centralbank

fastfood空调

血压所得税

信用卡中央银行快餐1.合成名词7solarsystemremotecontrol(3)v-ing+另一词washingmachinedrivinglicense(4)其他方式

by-producteditor-in-chief太阳系遥控洗衣机驾驶执照副产品主编solarsystem太阳系82.合成形容词

(1)过去分词或带ed词尾的词构成。absent-mindedgrey-haired(2)动词的ing或另一词构成long-sufferingfar-reaching心不在焉的头发灰白的长期受苦的深远的(影响)2.合成形容词心不在焉的93.合成动词及合成副词overeatbaby-sitempty-handed

吃得太多看孩子

一无所获的3.合成动词及合成副词10加前缀：happy---

___happy

加后缀：

develop---

develop_______既加前缀又加后缀：employ---____employ_______unmentunment派生词（derivation）

加前缀：unmentunment派生词（derivation111.表示否定意义的前缀dis-

dishonest,dislikein-,ig-,il,im,ir,

incapable,inability,illegal,impossible,immoral,irregularmis-misunderstandmisleadnon-nonsensenonstopun-unable,unemploymentanti-,ant-

antiknock(防震),antiforeigner,(排外的)由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成另外一个词。1.表示否定意义的前缀dis-dishonest122.表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀

1)

a-表示“在……之上”，“向……”

aboard,aside,2)

by-表示“附近，邻近，边侧”

bypath,bypass(弯路)3)

inter-,intel-,表示“在……间，相互”international,interaction,internet

mid-,表示“中，中间”

midnight,mid-autumn2.表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀1)

a-表示135)

out-,表示“在上面，在外部，在外”outline,outside,outward6)

over-,

表示“在上面，在外部，向上”

overlook,overhead(在头顶,在高处),overboard7)

extra-,表示“额外”

extraction（提取）8)

fore-表示“在前面”

forehead,foretell9)

in-,im-,表示“向内，在内，背于”

inland,invade,inside,import2.表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀

5)out-,表示“在上面，在外部，在外”2.14

under-,表示“在…..下面，下的”

underline,underground,underwater

11)

up-,表示“向上，向上面，在上”

upward,uphold,uphill(上坡)1．re--“又\,再”repeat,review,return,reunite,remarry

2.co—“联合，伴同”cooperate,coexist,co-worker

3.

super—“在…上；加之”superman,supermarket

4.tele 远程 telephone,telegraph,telescope

5.de-向相反方向发展decentralize（分散）,defrost（解冻）

6.trans-过，穿过，变transformation(变形),translate

7.vice-副 vice-premier,vice-president3.表示其他意义的前缀:under-,表示“在…..下面，下的”157.vice-副 vice-premier,vice-president

8.semi-半 semifinal,semicircle,semi-automatic

9.bi 两个 bicycle,biennial两年一次的10.

tri三个triangle三角形,tricycle三轮脚踏车,triplets三胞胎11.mul-多，多种multiply(使增加),multi-national,multi-coloured12.kilo-千 kilometre,kilogramme7.vice-副 vice-premier,v16后缀

例词名词-ability-age-al-an-cy-er-or-ese-ee-eer-ery-ess

inability,responsibilityleakage(托管人,保管人),shortagerenewal,withdrawalAmerican,Koreanprivacy,accuracyfarmer,thinker,painkilleractor,sailor,collectorChinese,Japanese,Portugueseemployee,trustee,intervieweeengineer,profiteer(获暴利的人,奸商)machinery,jewelleryactress,waitress后缀例词-abilityinabi17后缀

例词名词-ful-ian-ist-ism-ment-ness-ship-tion-ure

armful,handful,mouthfulEgyptian,Russian,Asian,musicianartist,pianist,communist,scientistsocialism,realism,idealismgovernment,movement,developmentbusiness,illness,darknessfriendship,ownershipinvention,liberation,educationdeparture,failure,exposure后缀例词-fularmful,h18后缀

例词形容词-able-al-an-ern-est-ful-ish-ive-y-less-some

advisable,admirable,comfortablephysical,national,politicalAmerican,Italian,Australiansouthern,northern,easternfattest,latest,luckiesthelpful,useful,carefulBritish,English,foolish,childishactive,instructive,expensivecloudy,windy,dirty,sunnycareless,uselesstroublesome,tiresome后缀例词-ableadvisab19后缀

例词动词-(e)n-fy-ize-ate

widen,strengthen,lengthensimplify,beautifyapologize,organize,realizeactivate,motivate(激发,刺激)后缀例词-(e)nwiden,s20后缀

例词副词-ly-down-ward(s)

really,badly,perfectly,trulyface-down,palm-down(手掌向下地)towards,forward,outward后缀

例词数词-teen-ty-th

fourteen,fifteen,eighteenforty,fifty,eightyfourth,fifth,eighth后缀例词副-lyreally,b21常见的后缀1).名词后缀：-er-or-tion-ment-ity-ist-hood-ion请将以下单词和上列相应的后缀相连，组成新词：work,educate,develop,visit,satisfy,teach,sail,able,piano,art,child,act,brother,solute,conclude,move,possible常见的后缀1).名词后缀：请将以下单词和上列相应的后缀相22-er-or-tion-ment-ity-ist-hood-ionteacher,workervisitor,sailoreducation,satisfactiondevelopment,movementability,possibilitypianist,artistchildhood,brotherhoodaction,solution,conclusion如：-erteacher,worker如：23转化法（Conversion）tasten.味道v.尝起来{Ithasagoodtaste.Ittastesverygood.record

n.记录v.记录{LiuXiangBrokethe100mHurdlesWorldRecord.Heliestorecordsomethingwhilereadingabook.转化法（Conversion）tasten.味道v.尝起来24correctcorrectionincorrectindependentdependdependabledisabledisabilityimpossiblepossiblepossibilitywrongmistakenmistakemisunderstandunderstandundergraduategraduategraduationn.反义独立的词根adj.残疾的n.不可能的n.反义n.误解词根大学生词根n.近义反义WordsBuildingcorrectcorrectionincorrectinde25correctn.反义独立的词根adj.残疾的n.不可能的n.反义n.误解词根大学生词根n.近义反义WordsBuildingcorrectn.反义独立的词根adj.残疾的n.不可能的n26correctcorrectionincorrectindependentdependdependabledisable

disabilityimpossiblepossiblepossibilityexpressioneducationwrongmistakenmistakeunderstandundergroundundergraduategraduategraduationunderwaysubwaysubtitlealwayssidewaysn教育表达O独立的rootadj残疾的n不可能的OnSSn误解root大学生rootn地下的地下通道地铁副标题总是misunderstandcorrectcorrectionincorrectinde27

缩写和简写:缩写和简写(也被称为截断法或缩短法)主要采取:“截头”,“去尾”或者“既截头又去尾”的方法生成新词.telephone---phoneairplane—planelaboratory-labmathematics--mathadvertisement—adexamination--exam缩写和简写:telephone---phone28另外还有许多缩写词是由各个单词的首字母组成.CD(compactdisk)CCTV(ChinaCentralTelevision)NBA(NationalBasketballAssociation)UFO(unidentifiedflyingobject)UN(UnitedNations)ID(identification)USA(UnitedStatesofAmerica)另外还有许多缩写词是由各个单词的首字母组成.291.Hewasoneofthebest_______inyesterday’sfootballmatch.(play)2.Look!How_______Kateislaughing!(happy)3.Itsnowed_______lastnightandnowthestreetsarecoveredwithsnow.(heavy)4.Edisonwasagreat________.Duringhislifehehadmany__________.(invent)playershappilyheavilyinventorinventions

构词法精练Usetheappropriateformofthewordstofillintheblanks.1.Hewasoneofthebest____305.Moreandmore_________havecometovisitChinaovertheseyears.（foreign）6.Wewant___________reasonsforyourfailuretohelp.(satisfy)7.Pleasegivemesomereferencework.Itwill________mytask.(simple)8.Theboyhadthe___________ofbeinghalfstarved.(appear)9.Thepolicehave__________aplotagainstthePresident.(cover)10.ThedoctorsaidthatMary’smotherneededan_________.(operate)

foreigners

satisfactorysimplifyappearanceuncoveredoperation5.Moreandmore_________hav3111.Shehopedthathersonwouldbecomea_________.(music)12.Few________wordsmadeusexcited.(speak)13.Thedaysonthemoongethotterthan________water.(boil)14.Thankyouforyour_________.(kind)15.Manycollegestudentsworkwhiletheyarestudyingbecausetheywanttomakesomemoneyfortheircollege_________.(expensive)16.Mostinternational_________lettersarewritteninEnglish,too.(busy)musicianspoken

boilingkindness

expenses

business11.Shehopedthathersonwou3217.Theboynoticedan___________mistakeonhispaper,buthedecidednottosayanythingaboutit.(correct)18.WheninRome,doasthe________do.(Rome)19.Theteacherwaspleasedwithher_______.(honest)20.Themotherdidn’tknowwhyherdaughterwascrying_______.(noise)

uncorrectedRomanshonestynoisily17.Theboynoticedan_______33附：类比构词（Word-FormationbyAnalogy）类比构词是英语中一种有趣而又实用的构词方式。构词特点是，以某个同类词为模式，在语义上进行联想类比，替换其中某个词素，构造出与之对应或类似的新词来。例如：work-aholic（工作迷）系仿alcoholic（嗜酒者）而造seajack（海上劫持）和skyjack（空中劫持）则是类比hijack（拦路抢劫）hijacker（强盗）而成，故都属类比词。附：类比构词（Word-FormationbyAnalo34英语快速记忆－构词法语言是随着人类社会的不断发展而发展的。一些旧词的过时意味着需要人们创造出一些新的词，而新的词的产生，大抵服从语法的法则，有其规律可循。语言的这种"弃旧创新"不断完善和发展的过程体现出一种规律--构词法（word-formation）。英语快速记忆－构词法语言是随着人类社会的不断发展而发展的。一35Classify:pathwayfreedomdarkestplaceunfairlockeverydayriversidenursedisagree合成词(有两个或更多的词合成一个词):转化词(将一种词性转化成另一种词性):派生词(在词根上加上前、后缀构成另外一个词):everydaypathwayriversideunfairdarkestdisagreefreedomlockplacenurseClassify:pathwayfreedom36构词法构词法：合成(Compounding)派生法（Derivation）【前缀/后缀】转化法（Conversion）【词性转换】{构词法构词法：合成(Compounding)派生法（Der37合成词Compoundpain-killer＋＝止痛药合成词Compoundpain-killer＋＝止痛药38＋＝color-blind色盲＋＝color-blind色盲39＋＝sleep-walk梦游sleep-walker＋＝sleep-walk梦游sleep-walker401.合成名词(1)n+nairconditionerbloodpressureincometaxcreditcard

(2)adj+n

centralbank

fastfood空调

血压所得税

信用卡中央银行快餐1.合成名词41solarsystemremotecontrol(3)v-ing+另一词washingmachinedrivinglicense(4)其他方式

by-producteditor-in-chief太阳系遥控洗衣机驾驶执照副产品主编solarsystem太阳系422.合成形容词

(1)过去分词或带ed词尾的词构成。absent-mindedgrey-haired(2)动词的ing或另一词构成long-sufferingfar-reaching心不在焉的头发灰白的长期受苦的深远的(影响)2.合成形容词心不在焉的433.合成动词及合成副词overeatbaby-sitempty-handed

吃得太多看孩子

一无所获的3.合成动词及合成副词44加前缀：happy---

___happy

加后缀：

develop---

develop_______既加前缀又加后缀：employ---____employ_______unmentunment派生词（derivation）

加前缀：unmentunment派生词（derivation451.表示否定意义的前缀dis-

dishonest,dislikein-,ig-,il,im,ir,

incapable,inability,illegal,impossible,immoral,irregularmis-misunderstandmisleadnon-nonsensenonstopun-unable,unemploymentanti-,ant-

antiknock(防震),antiforeigner,(排外的)由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成另外一个词。1.表示否定意义的前缀dis-dishonest462.表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀

1)

a-表示“在……之上”，“向……”

aboard,aside,2)

by-表示“附近，邻近，边侧”

bypath,bypass(弯路)3)

inter-,intel-,表示“在……间，相互”international,interaction,internet

mid-,表示“中，中间”

midnight,mid-autumn2.表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀1)

a-表示475)

out-,表示“在上面，在外部，在外”outline,outside,outward6)

over-,

表示“在上面，在外部，向上”

overlook,overhead(在头顶,在高处),overboard7)

extra-,表示“额外”

extraction（提取）8)

fore-表示“在前面”

forehead,foretell9)

in-,im-,表示“向内，在内，背于”

inland,invade,inside,import2.表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀

5)out-,表示“在上面，在外部，在外”2.48

under-,表示“在…..下面，下的”

underline,underground,underwater

11)

up-,表示“向上，向上面，在上”

upward,uphold,uphill(上坡)1．re--“又\,再”repeat,review,return,reunite,remarry

2.co—“联合，伴同”cooperate,coexist,co-worker

3.

super—“在…上；加之”superman,supermarket

4.tele 远程 telephone,telegraph,telescope

5.de-向相反方向发展decentralize（分散）,defrost（解冻）

6.trans-过，穿过，变transformation(变形),translate

7.vice-副 vice-premier,vice-president3.表示其他意义的前缀:under-,表示“在…..下面，下的”497.vice-副 vice-premier,vice-president

8.semi-半 semifinal,semicircle,semi-automatic

9.bi 两个 bicycle,biennial两年一次的10.

tri三个triangle三角形,tricycle三轮脚踏车,triplets三胞胎11.mul-多，多种multiply(使增加),multi-national,multi-coloured12.kilo-千 kilometre,kilogramme7.vice-副 vice-premier,v50后缀

例词名词-ability-age-al-an-cy-er-or-ese-ee-eer-ery-ess

inability,responsibilityleakage(托管人,保管人),shortagerenewal,withdrawalAmerican,Koreanprivacy,accuracyfarmer,thinker,painkilleractor,sailor,collectorChinese,Japanese,Portugueseemployee,trustee,intervieweeengineer,profiteer(获暴利的人,奸商)machinery,jewelleryactress,waitress后缀例词-abilityinabi51后缀

例词名词-ful-ian-ist-ism-ment-ness-ship-tion-ure

armful,handful,mouthfulEgyptian,Russian,Asian,musicianartist,pianist,communist,scientistsocialism,realism,idealismgovernment,movement,developmentbusiness,illness,darknessfriendship,ownershipinvention,liberation,educationdeparture,failure,exposure后缀例词-fularmful,h52后缀

例词形容词-able-al-an-ern-est-ful-ish-ive-y-less-some

advisable,admirable,comfortablephysical,national,politicalAmerican,Italian,Australiansouthern,northern,easternfattest,latest,luckiesthelpful,useful,carefulBritish,English,foolish,childishactive,instructive,expensivecloudy,windy,dirty,sunnycareless,uselesstroublesome,tiresome后缀例词-ableadvisab53后缀

例词动词-(e)n-fy-ize-ate

widen,strengthen,lengthensimplify,beautifyapologize,organize,realizeactivate,motivate(激发,刺激)后缀例词-(e)nwiden,s54后缀

例词副词-ly-down-ward(s)

really,badly,perfectly,trulyface-down,palm-down(手掌向下地)towards,forward,outward后缀

例词数词-teen-ty-th

fourteen,fifteen,eighteenforty,fifty,eightyfourth,fifth,eighth后缀例词副-lyreally,b55常见的后缀1).名词后缀：-er-or-tion-ment-ity-ist-hood-ion请将以下单词和上列相应的后缀相连，组成新词：work,educate,develop,visit,satisfy,teach,sail,able,piano,art,child,act,brother,solute,conclude,move,possible常见的后缀1).名词后缀：请将以下单词和上列相应的后缀相56-er-or-tion-ment-ity-ist-hood-ionteacher,workervisitor,sailoreducation,satisfactiondevelopment,movementability,possibilitypianist,artistchildhood,brotherhoodaction,solution,conclusion如：-erteacher,worker如：57转化法（Conversion）tasten.味道v.尝起来{Ithasagoodtaste.Ittastesverygood.record

n.记录v.记录{LiuXiangBrokethe100mHurdlesWorldRecord.Heliestorecordsomethingwhilereadingabook.转化法（Conversion）tasten.味道v.尝起来58correctcorrectionincorrectindependentdependdependabledisabledisabilityimpossiblepossiblepossibilitywrongmistakenmistakemisunderstandunderstandundergraduategraduategraduationn.反义独立的词根adj.残疾的n.不可能的n.反义n.误解词根大学生词根n.近义反义WordsBuildingcorrectcorrectionincorrectinde59correctn.反义独立的词根adj.残疾的n.不可能的n.反义n.误解词根大学生词根n.近义反义WordsBuildingcorrectn.反义独立的词根adj.残疾的n.不可能的n60correctcorrectionincorrectindependentdependdependabledisable

disabilityimpossiblepossiblepossibilityexpressioneducationwrongmistakenmistakeunderstandundergroundundergraduategraduategraduationunderwaysubwaysubtitlealwayssidewaysn教育表达O独立的rootadj残疾的n不可能的OnSSn误解root大学生rootn地下的地下通道地铁副标题总是misunderstandcorrectcorrectionincorrectinde61

缩写和简写:缩写和简写(也被称为截断法或缩短法)主要采取:“截头”,“去尾”或者“既截头又去尾”的方法生成新词.telephone---phoneairplane—planelaboratory-labmathematics--mathadvertisement—adexamination--exam缩写和简写:telephone---phone62另外还有许多缩写词是由各个单词的首字母组成.CD(compactdisk)CCTV(ChinaCentralTelevision)NBA(NationalBasketballAssociation)UFO(unidentifiedflyingobject)UN(UnitedNations)ID(identification)USA(UnitedStatesofAmerica)另外还有许多缩写词是由各个单词的首字母组成.631.Hewasoneofthebest_______inyesterday’sfootballmatch.(play)2.Look!How_______Kateislaughing!(happy)3.Itsnowed_______lastnightandnowthestreetsarecovered