00836英语科技文选2012年04月试卷

浙00836#英语科技文选试卷第7页(共7页)全国2012年4月高等教育自学考试英语科技文选试题课程代码：00836PARTA:VOCABULARYⅠ.Directions:AddtheaffixtoeachwordaccordingtothegivenChinese,makingchangeswhennecessary.(8%)1.literacy 无文化；文盲 1.______2.custom 合乎风俗习惯的 2.______3.during 持续 3.______4.compass 包含 4.______5.fluent 流利 5.______6.bewilder 迷惑不解 6.______7.breed 由杂交生产 7.______8.different 区分 8.______Ⅱ.Directions:Fillintheblanks,eachusingoneofthegivenwordsorphrasesbelowinitsproperform.(12%)obsesswith asenseof stemfrom atrandomproportionalto bumpinto intheeventof deficientinbearout sufficefor withinone’sreach beassociatedwith9.Whyarepeopleso______money?10.Areyoudoingenoughtoinstill______socialresponsibilityinyoungpeople?11.Twofriends______eachotheronthestreetyesterday.12.Hisincomewillnot______afamilyoffive.13.ManyEnglishwords______Latin.14.______anactualemergencyyouwillbetoldwhattodo.15.Adietthatis______vitaminsisharmfultochildren.16.Otherpeople______thatwhatshesaysistrue.17.Idon’thaveanynotes______,soIcan’tansweryourquestions.18.Thedegreeofpunishmentismeanttobe______theseriousnessofthecrime.19.Rainstormsoccurred______today.20.Hisbadbehavior______hisdifficultchildhood.Ⅲ.Directions:Fillineachblankwithasuitablewordgivenbelow.(10%)cartoonsinventionwhichroombringshowedagoguessedsharingwatchingWhentelevisionwasfirstintroducedintoAmericansocietythirtyyears21,writersandsocialscientiststhoughtthatthisnew22wouldbetterAmericanlife.“Televisionisgoingto23Americanfamiliesclosertogether,”predictedpsychologistJoelGoldin1949.Pictures24advertisedtelevisioninthe1950sinvariably25ahappyfamilygatheredtogetherinthelivingroom,26theTVviewingexperience.Whocouldhave27thataquarterofacenturylaterMotherwouldbeinthekitchen28adaytimedrama,Dadwouldbeintheliving29watchingaballgame,andthechildrenwouldbewatching30intheirbedroom?PARTB:TRANSLATIONⅣ.Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,eachusingoneofthegivenwordsorphrasesbelow.(10%)ashowerofprerequisiteaffordbeidenticalwithcustomary31.水管破裂了，水喷涌而出。32.我不知道他靠自己的薪水如何能买得起一辆新车。33.按照惯例应该感谢邀请你参加晚会的人。34.这些指纹与他的完全相同。35.健康是幸福生活的先决条件。Ⅴ.Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.(15%)36.Anastronomercanexamineagalaxyandfromitsbrightnessmakeaguessastohowmanystarsandhowmuchdustygasitcontains.Yetwhenwetrackthemovementsofgalaxiesinaself-containedcluster,theymoveasifeachgalaxywerefarheavierthanitappears.It’slikewatchinggo-cartsmoveasunstoppablyastrucks.Whatisthismassthatloomsinvisiblyamongthebrightlightsofthegalaxies?Nooneknows.PARTC:READINGCOMPREHENSIONⅥ.Directions:Readthroughthefollowingpassages.Choosethebestanswerandputtheletterinthebracket.(20%)(A)MalicioussoftwarethathasinfectedmillionsofcomputersacrosstheglobefailedtowreakhavoconWednesdayassomefeared,butresearcherswarnedthepowerfulConfickerwormcouldstillstrike.AlsoknownasDownaduporKido,ConfickerturnsinfectedPCsintoslavesthatrespondtocommandssentfromaremoteserverthateffectivelycontrolsanarmyofcomputers.Thefearsofanattack,however,mayhavebeenawindfallforanti-virussoftwaremakers,whowarnedconsumersabouttheworm,industryanalystssay.SymantecCorp,McAfeeIncandTrendMicroIncspendmillionsofdollarsayearonpromotionalcampaignsthatwarnaboutthreatstopersonalcomputers.“Ascarelikethiscouldmakeconsumersthinktwicebeforedecidingtolettheirsubscriptionslapse,”saidFBRCapitalMarketsanalystDanielIves.Theindustryhadbeenunderpressurebecausetherecessioncausedsomecustomerstoholdoffbuyingnewsoftwareandotherstodelayrenewingsubscriptions.Thesecurityindustryformedataskforcetofighttheworm,bringingwidespreadattentionthatexpertssaidprobablyscaredoffthecriminalswhocommandthearmyofslavecomputers,knownasabotnet.Researcherswarnedthebotnet’scommandersareprobablywaitinguntiltheyareunderlessscrutinybeforetheymobilizethenetworkofinfectedcomputers.“IneverthoughtitwouldhappenApril1,”saidRogerThompson,chiefresearchofficeratAVG,ananti-virusfirm.“Itmightbetomorrow.Itmightbenextweek.Itmightbenextmonth.”VirusesthatturnPCsintoslavesexploitweaknessesinMicrosoft’sWindowsoperatingsystem.TheConfickerwormisespeciallytrickybecauseitcanevadecorporatefirewallsbypassingfromaninfectedmachineontoaUSBmemorystick,thenontoanotherPC.TheConfickerbotnetisoneofmanysuchnetworkscontrolledbysyndicatesthatauthoritiesbelievearebasedineasternEurope,southeastAsia,ChinaandLatinAmerica.WhiletheConfickerbotnetisstillinactive,analystssaymillionsofmachinesinothernetworksareregularlyorderedtoperformtasksfortheirmasters.Thebotnet’sownersoftenselltheslavesorrentthemout,offeringservicessuchascredit-cardandbankinginformationtheft.Theycanbecustomizedtoperformothertasks,suchasknockingdownwebsitesandbringingdowncorporatenetworks.“Theworstthingisthatnoonereallyknowswhatthesethingscando.Thesethingscanbeprogramedtodoanything,”saidMelMorris,CEOofanti-viruscompanyPrevx.AnalystssayConfickergarneredunprecedentedattentioninrecentdaysbecauseitisunusuallylarge--mosthavenomorethanafewmillionslaves--andbecauseitwascodedtomutateonAprilFool’sDay.Whileestimatesvarygreatly,researcherssaytensofmillionsofmachinesarecompromisedwithouttheknowledgeoftheirowners.AlfredHunger,aseniorresearcherwithSymantec,thinksConfickerhasthestaminatosurviveseveralyears.Hebelievesthemotivesofthearmy’scommandersarethesameasthoseoftheotherbotnetsincyberspace.37.Whatisthepassageprimarilyabout?()A.Thethreatofthemysteriousvirus.B.Anti-virussoftware.C.ThedestructivepowerofConficker.D.Howtorelievethethreatofthemysteriousvirus.38.Anti-virussoftwaremakers______outofthefearsofConficker.()A.coulddonothingB.couldmakeafortuneC.couldceasetoresearchonthevirusD.couldfurthertheirresearchesonthevirus39.IfNOTforthescare,whatwouldtheconsumersofanti-virussoftwareprobablydo?()A.Trytosurvivetherecession.B.Delaybuyingnewsoftwareorrenewingsubscriptions.C.Renewsubscriptions.D.Buynewsoftware.40.ThebotnetcanperformthefollowingtasksEXCEPT______.()A.websitedestructionB.corporatenetworkbreakdownC.credit-cardtheftD.bankinginformationtheft41.WhyhassomuchattentionbeenpaidtoConfickerinrecentdays?()A.Becauseitcansurviveseveralyears.B.Becauseitisunusuallylarge.C.BecauseitwillremainthesameonAprilFool’sDay.D.Becauseitwillcompromisewithtensofmillionsofmachines.(B)Thesmallstudyofabout140overweightorobesewomenshowedthatthoseondiets“appropriate”fortheirgeneticmakeuplostmoreweightthanthoseonlessappropriatediets,researcherstoldanAmericanHeartAssociationmeeting.“Thepotentialofusinggeneticinformationtoachievethismagnitudeofweightlosswithoutpharmaceuticalinterventionwouldbeimportantinhelpingtosolvethepervasiveproblemofexcessiveweightinoursociety,”ChristopherGardneratStanfordUniversityinCalifornia,whoworkedonthestudy,saidinastatement.Massachusetts-basedInterleukin’s$149testlooksformutationsinthreegenes,knownasFABP2,PPARGandADRB2.Thecompanysays39percentofwhiteAmericanshavethelow-fatgenotype,45percenthavethetypethatrespondsbesttoadietlowinprocessedcarbohydratesandanunlucky16percenthavegenemutationsthatmeantheyhavetowatchbothfatandprocessedcarbohydrates.Theresearchersrandomlyassignedaround140womentooneoffourdiets—thelow-carbAtkinsdiet,theultralow-fatOrnishdiet,theverylow-fatLEARNdietorthemorebalancedZonediet.Interleukinwentbackandtestedabout100ofthewomenfortheirDNAbyusingacheekswabandthenlookedtoseeifthewomenonthe“right”dietslostmoreweight.Overayear,peopleondietsappropriatetotheirgeneticmakeup,asdeterminedbythetest,lost5.3percentofbodyweight.Peopleonmismatcheddietslost2.3percent,theStanfordresearcherstoldthemeeting.Cholesterollevelsimprovedinlinewithweightloss,theysaid.Thecompanysaidthetestlooksforgenesthataffectmetabolism.“Oneofthegenevariationsaffectsabsorptionoffatsfromtheintestine,”KenKoorman,chiefscientificofficeratInterleukin,saidinatelephoneinterview.Hesaidpeoplewiththatparticularmutationabsorbmorefatfromtheirfoodandthusshouldavoidfatiftheywanttoloseweight.Anotherofthevariationsaffectsinsulinresponse—thebody’sproductionofinsulintometabolizesugar,hesaid.Simplecarbohydratessuchassugarandprocessedflourstimulatepeoplewiththatparticulargenetypetostoremoreoftheenergyasfat.Tenpercentto16percentofpeoplehavebothmutations,andmustwatchbothcarbsandfat,Kornmansaid.“Whatwedon’tknowisiftheyareontherightdietfortheirgenotypewhetheritaffectssatietyorfeelingfull,”hesaid.Hesaidthecompanyplannedbroaderstudiestoaskthesequestions.InterleukinmarketsthetestunderthebrandnameInherentHealth.Italsocantestwhomightbestloseweightinresponsetoexercise.42.Weightlosshasmuchtodowith______.()A.dietsappropriateforone’sgeneticconstructionB.geneticinformationC.medicalinterventionD.exercises43.Accordingtothepassage,Interleukinismostprobably______.()A.apharmaceuticalcompanyB.adiagnosticsfirmC.aresearchinstituteD.abiochemicalterm44.WhatcanbebestsaidaboutwhiteAmericansinrelationtothegenotype?()A.Mostofthemhavethelow-fatgenotype.B.Nearlyhalfofthemhavethelow-carbgenotype.C.Asmallnumberofthemhaveboththelow-fatandlow-carbgenotypes.D.Alargenumberofthemhavegenevariations.45.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?()A.Peopleonwellmatcheddietslosemoreweightthanthoseoninappropriatediets.B.Cholesterolisreducedwiththelossofweight.C.Peoplewithcertaingenemutationcanabsorbmorefatfromfood.D.Peopleingeneralshouldavoidfatiftheywanttoloseweight.46.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?()A.Thefightdietforthegenotypehassomethingtodowithitsquantity.B.TheblackAmericansdon’tneedtobeonadiet.C.Insulincontrolstheamountofsugarintheblood.D.Carbohydrateshelpstoremoreoftheenergyasfat.ⅦDirections:Readthefollowingpassage,andthenfillinthetablewiththeinformationbasedonthepassage.(10%)Eventhefinestsuper-soldiersuitcanendupasexpensivedeadweightifthebatteriesrunoutofjuice.LockheedMartinwantstoavoidthatfateforits