考研英语阅读技巧之十大题型(配合最经典200例题)

肖克考研十大题型解题思路速成以及猜题技巧Part1.十大题型解题思路速成以及猜题技巧课程教学目标精确剖析二十年阅读真题的十大题型，包括主旨题，细节题，推理题，论点论据题，猜词题，原因题，条件题等核心解题思路。精确剖析二十年阅读真题的十大题型的题干特点，提问方式以及题干定位方法，寻找题干的方法。精确剖析二十年阅读真题的十大题型的正确答案特征，包括正确答案的概括性，抽象性，主题性等特点。精确剖析二十年阅读真题的十大题型的错误答案特征，包括本末倒置，偷换概念，所答非所问，过于片面等大量分析二百多道例题的词汇特征，难句特点以及中心词展开模式，打造词句篇三位一体的独特阅读方法和模式全面把握每个题型的潜在命题点和出题方向，并预测未来考试的题型分布和趋势，选项难度，正确率，区分度。（7）通过分析题型讲解段落以及文章中心开展的十大模式，树立强大的主题把握能力，和对段落以及文章高屋建瓴驾驭能力（8）通过分析题型精确剖析段落的八大结构，六大文脉，掌握阅读提高效率和速度的方法，讲解如何忽略无效信息八大方法（9）通过分析题型讲解6000个考研高频词汇的用法以及搭配（10）通过分析题型提高正确率和解题效率至少五倍以上Part2肖克考研英语颠峰辅导全程安排肖克考研英语全程飞跃70分策划课程8小时（系统分析考研英语六大阶段复习方案，包括各大板块学习方法，以及英语突破高分方法）肖克考研英语核心语法及长难句课程35小时(精确剖析800个历史最经典长难句以及80个语法规律，做到从此人生再也没有长难句子)肖克考研英语十年阅读真题精讲课程70小时(洞穿阅读真题出题规律,榨干阅读真题文章精华,逐字逐句过文章的语言点，如核心词汇和长难句)肖克考研英语阅读十大题型以及解题技巧课程65小时（全面剖析十种考研题型的题干特点，定位方法，正确错误答案特征，比如猜词题，论点论据题，配合248道最经典真题和模拟题，解开阅读命题真相）肖克考研英语核心单词巧记课程42小时（全面剖析4378个高频词汇的核心用法，记忆方法以及特殊意思，做到满篇无生词的愉悦感）肖克考研英语疯狂口语班（全面剖析口语发音的诀窍，48个国际音标以及35个发音技巧，可以脱口而出流利标准的英文口语）肖克考研英语写作强化课程21小时（全面剖析写作闪光词以及复杂句型创作原理以及写作万能模板，大小作文的精准预测）肖克考研英语新题型以及完型强化课程21小时（全面剖析排序题，完型填句题解题思路以及选项规律，介绍新题型宏观阅读法，完型词汇复现等成熟解题思路）肖克考研英语翻译强化课程15小时（全面剖析38种翻译技巧，包括增译法，减译法，正话反译法，并系统地评价翻译评分标准和十年真题）肖克四六级阅读强化课程(洞穿四六级阅读真题出题规律以及解题方法,还原四六级命题真相)肖克四六级万能作文冲刺课程8小时（重点剖析八种四六级作文超级模板使用方法，比如利弊说明的文章，可以短时间速成作文）肖克考研阅读110篇专项训练课程32小时（全面剖析十种专业题材文章的阅读方法，提高阅读微技能，专业词汇量，语感和长难句分析，大量做题获取阅读提高的方法）肖克考研英语万能作文冲刺课程10小时（重点剖析六种大作文超级作文模板使用方法，比如批判危害的文章，可以短时间速成作文）肖克考研新概念三精讲班15小时（全面剖析新概念三语言点，文章闪光句型，词汇以及提高写作和阅读的基本功）Part3肖克老师联系方式以及课后服务微博为新浪网的肖克老师QQ为1120994121，每晚十点以后手机号码每晚十点以后上了肖克网课马上给肖克老师发个短信息，把你的邮箱发到手机上，有超过上百种电子版学习资料赠送，邮寄到你的邮箱。Part4必备的用书（当当网，当地书店可以买）1.词汇方面：词汇宝典北航出版社真题方面：16年真题名师解析北航出版社阅读方面：阅读110篇北航出版社难句方面：长难句突破与速成北航出版社写作方面：写作超级宝典北航出版社Part5长难句课程教学目标精确掌握六十多种各种句型结构以及独特的拆分方法精通难句的万能技巧长难句的“三步走”。疯狂练习历年真题中出现频率最高的三百多个经典句子，洞穿精华句型。夯实基础，讲解句子的基本成分，从初级到高级各种语法现象，包括倒装，省略，强调句等等。把难句“字面化逐字翻译”提高到“意群性分析性翻译”到“无意识的机械化理解”全面提升难句分析准确性和效率，把握每个难句的潜在命题点和出题方向，讲解正确答案特征（7）熟练闪光句型的写作原理，为未来写作的妙笔生辉和下笔有神做好准备（8）通过分析长难句打通英文文化思维，树立强大的西方式阅读模式（9）通过分析长难句精讲和扩充一千个考研核心词汇，为词汇的飞跃做好储备（10）通过分析长难句打好阅读基础，为将来的段落分析和文章宏观的驾驭能力打好基础Part6.阅读十二年真题超级精讲课程教学目标精确剖析十二年阅读真题的50篇真题，逐字逐句讲解语言闪光点，包括每篇文章核心词汇，超级句型，选项分析精通阅读真题的万能技巧文章分析的“三步走”。大量分析历年真题中超过十五个单词以上的六百多个经典句子，洞穿难句精华句型和语法规则。大量分析历年真题中超高频词汇（4500个）用法，包括词汇特殊意思，经典搭配，核心例句，听真题背单词很爽全面把握每个题型的潜在命题点和出题方向，讲解每个题型，如主旨题，细节题的正确答案特征以及定位方法（6）通过分析文章打通英文文化思维，树立强大的西方式阅读模式，了解西方人写作思维十大模式（7）通过分析文章讲解段落以及文章中心开展的十大模式，树立强大的主题把握能力，和对文章高屋建瓴驾驭能力（8）通过分析文章精确剖析文章的八大结构，六大文脉，掌握阅读提高效率和速度的方法，讲解如何忽略无效信息八大方法（9）通过分析文章讲解闪光句型，对闪光句型不断模仿造句，提高写作的基本功，也就是遣词造句的能力（10）通过分析选项剖析正确答案十大特点，错误答案十大特点，以及剩下两个答案排除的方法的技巧，加倍提升正确率和解题效率(总论)选项规律的研究（1）正确答案的特征同义改写的手段同义词替换词性的转化正话反说，反话正说具体与抽象转化从句与简单句的转化主动与被动的转化虚拟和真实的转化名词性短语和名词性从句的转化动作和状态的转化比较级与最高级转化（2）错误答案的命题特点：1.张冠李戴2.过于绝对3.断章取义推理过度偷换概念，小动作字面意思，肤浅直白因果颠倒，逻辑混乱扩大范围无据比较10.时态语态错误（3）选项技巧的练习1.Ibelievethatthisorganizationmaysucceedmarvelouslyatwhatitwantstodo,butwhatitwantstodomaynotbeallthatimportant.Whatcanbeinferredfromtheauthor?A.TheorganizationismarvelousinmakingagoodgoalB.Theorganizationwillsucceedgreatlyinwhatitisrequiredtodo.C.Althoughtheorganizationreachesitsgoals,thegoalsarenotbeoflittleimportance.D.WhattheorganizationwantsismarvelousE.thegoalsoftheorganizationarequestioned2.ThisbookcontainsatotallynewoutlookthatcontainsthewisdomofthepastwithscientificknowledgetosolvetheproblemofthepresentWhatcanbeinferredfromthesentence?A.ProblemsofthepastandpresentaresolvedinthisbookB,Inthebook,currentknowledgeandpastwisdomarecombinedtosolvecurrentproblemsC.OnlybyusingknowledgeofthepastandpresentcanwesolvetheproblemsD.Thedifferentbookcombinesthewisdomofthepastwithscientificknowledgetohandlepresentproblems.E.Noneoftoday’sproblemscanbesolvedwithoutscientificknowledge3.Whenthereisanabsenceofreliableinformationaboutdrugs,therisksinvolvedinusingthemaregreatlyincreased.Whatcanbeinferredfromthesentence?A.Thereisnoreliableinformationaboutdrugs.B.TheinformationofdrugsistoodifficulttobegraspedclearlyC.TherisksinvolvedinusingdrugshaveincreasedD.PeopleshouldtrytofindoutaboutdrugsbeforeusingthemE.Therearenorisksinvolvedinusingdrugsifwehavereliableinformationaboutthem4.Taxesbeingsohigh,thedescendantsofthewealthyclassofthenineteenthcenturyarebeingforcedtorentouttheirestatestopayingguestsInthenineteenthcentury,thewealthyclassrentedoutestatesB.ThedescendantsofthewealthyclassareunwillingtopaythetaxesGuestspayhightaxeswhentheyrentoldestatesSomefamiliesthatwereoncewealthyarehavingtroublepayingtheirtaxes.Hightaxeshavedestroyedthelivesofsomeoftheoldwealthyfamilies5.AccordingtothedefinitionofChinesetraditionalmedicine,acupunctureisknowntothetreatmentofdiseasenotthereliefofpainsbyinsertingveryfineneedlestothebodyatspecificpointscalledloci.A.acupuncturecanbeusedtotreatillnessandrelievepainsB.finelypointedneedlescalledlociareusedinacupuncture.C.inChinesetraditionalmedicine,acupunctureisknowntotreatdiseaseratherthanrelievingpainsD.thoseusingacupuncturetreatdiseasebyplacingneedlesintothebodyatspecificpointsE.onlythosewhopracticetraditionalChinesemedicineuseacupuncturePart1论点论据题(1)题型特点:事实说话往往是最有效的论证方式之一，命题专家在设置题目时往往也会针对文中的事例设问，考查考生对局部结构的理解。考生们在应用例证原则解题时还应注意常用的例证方式有两种：一是先提出观点，后举例说明；二是先列举事例再做出结论。考生应当学会举一反三，不要被各种原则的变化形式所迷惑。当询问论据的写作目的时,注意区分论点和论据。(2)题干特点:sthorsbismentionedtoillustratebycitingtheexampleofsth,theauthormeansbyreferringtotheexampleofsth,theauthorindicatesthatwhenmentioningtheexampleofsth,theauthormeansTheauthormentionstheexampleofsthtodemonstrateTheexampleofsthismentionedtoshowWhatdoestheauthorillustratewithsth?Theexampleofsthisnotedtosuggest(3)在文章中出题的位置:原文经常出现表示例子的提示词:forexample,forinstance,inthecaseof,suchas….原文经常出现专有名词:如MrSmith,WTO原文经常出现引语的地方:如sboncesaid；sboncetoldastoryabout原文出现表示实验和调查提示词：如experiment，survey,investigation,research等原文经常出现不定式todo引导的目的状语原文经常出现指示代词:如this,that,it文章的开头段和结尾段文章中出现起程转合的地方:如but,however,yet,nevertheless(4)实例分析:例1Whattheyfound,inattemptingtomodelthought,isthatthehumanbrain'sroughlyonehundredbillionnervecellsaremuchmoretalented—andhumanperceptionfarmorecomplicated—thanpreviouslyimagined.Theyhavebuiltrobotsthatcanrecognizetheerrorofamachinepanelbyafractionofamillimeterinacontrolledfactoryenvironment.Butthehumanmindcanglimpsearapidlychangingsceneandimmediatelydisregardthe98percentthatisirrelevant,instantaneouslyfocusingonthemonkeyatthesideofawindingforestroadorthesinglesuspiciousfaceinabigcrowd.ThemostadvancedcomputersystemsonEarthcan'tapproachthatkindofability,andneuroscientistsstilldon'tknowquitehowwedoit.Theauthorusestheexampleofamonkeytoarguethatrobotsare.A.expectedtocopyhumanbrainininternalstructure.B.focusingonmonkeyatthesideofawindingforestroadC.farlessablethanhumanbraininfocusingonrelevantinformation.D.muchmoretalentedthanpreviouslyimagined例2HudsonInstituteresearchersbelievethatfederaltaxandbenefitpoliciesareatfaultandreformsareurgentlyneeded,buttheydisagreewiththepopularproposalthatmucholderAmericanswillhavetoworkbecauseSocialSecuritywillnotsupportthemandthatbabyboomersarenotsavingenoughforretirement.Accordingtotheincreasein401(k)andKeoghretirementplans,theongoingstockmarketonWallStreet,andthelikelihoodoflargeinheritances,thereisevidencethatbabyboomerswillreachage65withgreaterfinancialassetsthanpreviousgenerations.Whenmentioning“theongoingstockmarketonWallStreet”,HudsonInstituteresearchersA.arecallingattentiontotheretirementplansandlargerinheritance.B.areshowingthehugebenefitsofattendingthestockmarket.C.areshowingthatolderpeoplecanberichenoughforretirement.D.arejustifyingtheineffectivenessoffederaltaxandbenefitpolicies.例3Privatetelephonenumbersaregenerallybelievedtobeallowedforsalebylaws.Butprivatecompaniesagreednottobuynumbersandsendrubbishyanddisgustinginstantmessagestothepublic.Buttobusinesses,youhavealmostnoprotectionfrombusinessesthatuseyourpersonalaccountsforprofit.Self-regulationdoesn'twork.Acountrymightintroduceaprivacy-protectionpolicy,butwhoenforcesit?Andbankswillstillbestealingdatafromyouraccountinordertosellyoufinancialproducts,includingthingsoflittlevalue,suchascreditinsuranceandcredit-cardprotectionplans.Forexample,nofederallawshields“transaction”information-mainlythedetailsofyourbankandcredit-cardaccounts.Theexampleofcreditinsuranceplansillustratethat？thelawspermitprivatephonenumberstobesoldtheprivatecompaniespromisednottosendnastyinformationcustomers’privacyarenotsufficientlyguaranteedbylawscreditprotectionplanisattractivetothecustomers例4Deathisnormal;wearegeneticallyprogrammedtodisintegrateandperish,evenunderidealconditions.Weallunderstandthatatsomelevel,yetasmedicalconsumerswetreatdeathasaproblemtobesolved.Shieldedbythird-partypayersfromthecostofourcare,wedemandeverythingthatcanpossiblybedoneforus,evenifit'suseless.Themostobviousexampleislate-stagecancercare.Physicians-frustratedbytheirinabilitytocurethediseaseandfearinglossofhopeinthepatient-toooftenofferaggressivetreatmentfarbeyondwhatisscientificallyjustified.In1950,theU.S.spent12.7billiononhealthcare.In2002,thecostwillbe1540billion.Anyonecanseethistrendisunsustainable.Yetfewseemwillingtotrytoreverseit.Somescholarsconcludethatagovernmentwithfiniteresourcesshouldsimplystoppayingformedicalcarethatsustainslifebeyondacertainagesay83orso.FormerColoradogovernorRichardLammhasbeenquotedassayingthattheoldandinfirm“haveadutytodieandgetoutoftheway”,sothatyounger,healthierpeoplecanrealizetheirpotential.TheauthorusestheexampleofcanerpatientstoshowthatA.medicalresourcesareoftenwasted.B.doctorsarehelplessagainstfataldiseases.C.sometreatmentsaretooaggressive.D.medicalcostsarebecomingunaffordable.例5(1).Manythingsmakepeoplethinkartistsareweirdbuttheweirdestmaybelikethis:artists'onlyjobistoexploreemotions,andyettheychoosetofocusontheonesthatfeelbad.(2).Thiswasn'talwaysso.Theearliestformsofart,likepaintingandmusic,arethosebestsuitedforexpressingjoy.Butsomewhereinthe19thcentury,moreartistsbeganseeinghappinessasinsipid,phonyor,worstofall,boringaswewentfromWordsworth'sdaffodilstoBaudelaire'sflowersofevil.BycitingtheexampleofpoetsWordsworthandBaudelaire,theauthorintendstoshowthat_________A.Poetryisnotasexpressiveofjoyaspaintingormusic.B.Artgrowsoutofbothpositiveandnegativefeeling.C.Poetstodayarelessskepticalofhappiness.D.Artisthavechangedtheirfocusofinterest.例6WildBillDonovanwouldhavelovedtheInternet.TheAmericanspymasterwhobuilttheOfficeofStrategicServicesintheWorldWarIIandlaterlaidtherootsfortheCIAwasfascinatedwithinformation.Donovanbelievedinusingwhatevertoolscametohandinthe"greatgame"ofespionagespyingasa"profession."ThesedaystheNet,whichhasalreadyre-madepastimesasbuyingbooksandsendingmail,isreshapingDonovan'svocationaswell.Donovan'sstoryismentionedinthetextto______.A.introducethetopicofonlinespying.B.showhowhefoughtfortheU.S.C.giveanepisodeoftheinformationwar.D.honorhisuniqueservicestotheCIA.例7Totakeadvantageofthistool,someimpoverishedcountrieswillhavetogetovertheiroutdatedanti-colonialprejudiceswithrespecttoforeigninvestment.Countriesthatstillthinkforeigninvestmentisaninvasionoftheirsovereigntymightwellstudythehistoryofinfrastructure(thebasicstructuralfoundationsofasociety)intheUnitedStates.WhentheUnitedStatesbuiltitsindustrialinfrastructure,itdidn'thavethecapitaltodoso.AndthatiswhyAmerica'sSecondWaveinfrastructure-includingroads,harbors,highways,portsandsoon-werebuiltwithforeigninvestment.TheEnglish,theGermans,theDutchandtheFrenchwereinvestinginBritain'sformercolony.Theyfinancedthem.ImmigrantAmericansbuiltthem.Guesswhoownsthemnow?TheAmericans.IbelievethesamethingwouldbetrueinplaceslikeBraziloranywhereelseforthatmatter.ThemoreforeigncapitalyouhavehelpingyoubuildyourThirdWaveinfrastructure,whichtodayisanelectronicinfrastructure,thebetteroffyou'regoingtobe.Thatdoesn'tmeanlyingdownandbecomingfooled,orlettingforeigncorporationsrununcontrolled.ItdoesmeanrecognizinghowimportanttheycanbeinbuildingtheenergyandtelecominfrastructuresneededtotakefulladvantageoftheInternet.ThewritermentionedthecaseoftheUnitedStatestojustifythepolicyof_________.A.gettingfinancialsupportfromoverseas.B.overcomingtheirout-datedanti-colonialprejudices.C.buildingindustrialinfrastructure.D.beinginvadedinsovereignty.例8Nowthetideappearstobeturning.Aspersonalinjuryclaimscontinueasbefore,somecourtsarebeginningtosidewithdefendants,especiallyincaseswhereawarninglabelprobablywouldn'thavechangedanything.InMay,JulieNimmons,presidentofSchuttSportsinIllinois,successfullyfoughtalawsuitinvolvingafootballplayerwhowasparalyzedinagamewhilewearingaSchutthelmet."We'rereallysorryhehasbecomeparalyzed,buthelmetsaren'tdesignedtopreventthosekindsofinjuries,"saysNimmons.Thejuryagreedthatthenatureofthegame,notthehelmet,wasthereasonfortheathlete'sinjury.Atthesametime,theAmericanLawInstitute--agroupofjudges,lawyers,andacademicswhoserecommendationscarrysubstantialweight--issuednewguidelinesfortortlawstatingthatcompaniesneednotwarncustomersofobviousdangersorbombardthemwithalengthylistofpossibleones."Importantinformationcangetburiedinaseaoftrivialities,"saysalawprofessoratCornelllawSchoolwhohelpeddraftthenewguidelines.Ifthemoderateendofthelegalcommunityhasitsway,theinformationonproductsmightactuallybeprovidedforthebenefitofcustomersandnotasprotectionagainstlegalliability.ThecaseofSchutthelmetdemonstratedthat________.A.someinjuryclaimswerenolongersupportedbylawB.helmetswerenotdesignedtopreventinjuriesC.productlabelswouldeventuallybediscardedD.somesportsgamesmightlosepopularitywithathletes例9Forexample,agrandmotherlywomanstaffingananimalrightsboothatarecentstreetfairwasdistributingabrochurethatencouragedreadersnottouseanythingthatcomesfromoristestedinanimals—nomeat,nofur,nomedicines.Askedifsheopposedimmunizations,shewantedtoknowifvaccinescomefromanimalresearch.Whenassuredthattheydo,shereplied,"ThenIwouldhavetosayyes."Askedwhatwillhappenwhenepidemicsreturn,shesaid,"Don'tworry,scientistswillfindsomewayofusingcomputers."Suchwell-meaningpeoplejustdon'tunderstand.Theexampleofthegrandmotherlywomanisusedtoshowthepublic's________.A.discontentwithanimalresearchB.ignoranceaboutmedicalscienceC.indifferencetoepidemicsD.anxietyaboutanimalrights例10In1784,fiveyearsbeforehebecamepresidentoftheUnitedStates,GeorgeWashington,52,wasnearlytoothless.Sohehiredadentisttotransplantnineteethintohisjaw--havingextractedthemfromthemouthsofhisslaves.That'safardifferentimagefromthecherry-tree-choppingGeorgemostpeoplerememberfromtheirhistorybooks.Butrecently,manyhistorianshavebeguntofocusontheroleslaveryplayedinthelivesofthefoundinggeneration.TheyhavebeenspurredinpartbyDNAevidencemadeavailablein1998,whichalmostcertainlyprovedThomasJeffersonhadfatheredatleastonechildwithhisslaveSallyHemings.Andonlyoverthepast30yearshavescholarsexaminedhistoryfromthebottomup.WorksbyGoreVidal,HenryWiencek,andGarryWillsrevealthemoralcompromisesmadebythenation'searlyleadersandthefragilenatureofthecountry'sinfancy.Moresignificant,theyarguethatmanyoftheFoundingFathersknewslaverywaswrong--andyetmostdidlittletofightit.GeorgeWashington’sdentalsurgeryismentionedtoA.showtheprimitivemedicalpracticeinthepast.B.demonstratethecrueltyofslaveryinhisdays.C.stresstheroleofslavesintheU.Shistory.D.revealsomeunknownaspectofhislife.例11“Dataisbecominganassetwhichneedstobeguardedasmuchasanyotherasset.”saysHalmMendeisonofStanfordUniversity’sbusinessschool.“Theabilitytoguardcustomerdataisthekeytomarketvalue,whichtheboardisresponsibleforonbehalfofshareholders”Indeed,justasthereistheconceptofGenerallyacceptedAccountingPrinciples(GAAP),perhapsitistimeforGASP,GenerallyacceptedSecurityPractices,suggestedEliNoamofNewYork’sColumbiaBusinessSchool.“Settingtheproperinvestmentlevelforsecurity,redundancyandrecoveryisamanagementissue,notatechnicalone,”hesays.InbringinguptheconceptofGASP,theauthorismakingthepointthatA.shareholders’interestsshouldbeproperlyattendedtoB.informationprotectionshouldbegivendueattentionC.businessshouldenhancetheirlevelofaccountingsecurityD.themarketvalueofcustomerdatashouldbeemphasized例 12Communicationstechnologiesarefarfromequalwhenitcomestoconveyingthetruth.Thefirststudyisshowingthatitistwiceaslikelytotellliesinphoneconversationsastheyareinemails.Forexample,JeffHancockofCornellUniversityinIthaca,MewYork,asked30studentstokeepacommunicationdiaryforaweek.Hancockthenworkedoutthenumberofliesperconversationfoeeachmedium.Hefoundthatliesmadeup14percentofemails,21percentofinstantmessages,27percentofface-to-faceinteractionsandanastonishing37percentofphonecalls.题目:WhatdoestheexampleofJeffHancockillustrate？A）theconsequencesoflyinginvariouscommunicationmedia.

B)themostliesmadebyphonecallsamongdifferentcommunicationmedia.

C)peoplearemorelikelytolieininstantmessagesthaninemails

D)people'shonestylevelsacrossarangeofcommunicationsmedia.例 13Intheearly1960sWiltChamberlainwasoneofonlythreeplayersintheNationalBasketballAssociationlistedatoversevenfeet.Ifhehadplayedlastseason,however,hewouldhavebeenoneof42.Thebodiesplayingmajorprofessionalsportshavechangeddramaticallyovertheyears,andmanagershavebeenmorethanwillingtoadjustteamuniformstofitthegrowingnumbersofbigger,longerframes.WiltChamberlainiscitedasanexampletoA.illustratethechangeofheightofNBAplayers.B.showthepopularityofNBAplayersintheUSA.C.comparedifferentgenerationsofNBAplayers.D.assesstheachievementsoffamousNBAplayers.例 14Toparaphrase18th-centurystatesmanEdmundBurke,"allthatisneededforthetriumphofamisguidedcauseisthatgoodpeopledonothing."Onesuchcausenowseekstoendbiomedicalresearchbecauseofthetheorythatanimalshaverightsrulingouttheiruseinresearch.Scientistsneedtorespondforcefullytoanimalrightsadvocates,whoseargumentsareconfusingthepublicandtherebythreateningadvancesinhealthknowledgeandcare.Leadersoftheanimalrightsmovementtargetbiomedicalresearchbecauseitdependsonpublicfunding,andfewpeopleunderstandtheprocessofhealthcareresearch.Hearingallegationsofcrueltytoanimalsinresearchsettings,manyareperplexedthatanyonewoulddeliberatelyharmananimal.TheauthorbeginshisarticlewithEdmundBurke'swordsto________.A.callonscientiststotakesomeactionsB.criticizethemisguidedcauseofanimalrightsC.warnofthefailureofbiomedicalresearchD.showthetriumphofamisguidedcauseisthatgoodpeopledonothingPart2.词汇和句子的特定含义的理解(1)概论:阅读中的词汇题通常会有两种情况，一种是考生一看到所考的单词立刻心跳加速：“完了，这个词不认识，大纲上也没有。”还有就是一看到单词，立刻欣喜不已：“哈哈，这么容易的单词。”第一种情况下考生往往会随便猜一个选项，错误率很高。而第二种情况下，考生往往落入命题专家的陷阱，不知不觉地失了分，原因是考生并没有掌握阅读词汇题的基本命题原则。在阅读部分的词汇题要考的并不是考生认不认识题中所考的单词，否则便是命题失效。此处要考的是考生阅读中的推断能力，也就是说题中所考单词的词义必定能根据上下文推断出来。所以考生在遇到阅读中的词汇题时，一定要冷静，去上下文中细找，推断出词义后，可将词义代入原文看是否通畅。

经常考同义关系，并列或递进关系表示同义，例如：and,indeed,justas,also,besides,等均表示并列关系。标点符号暗示语义关系：破折号、冒号、或括号均表示同义解释。并列句子的同位和同性词很重要。(2)题型特点:当询问词句在上下文的特殊含义，注意结合原文进行理解，判断在文章中的特殊含义。有的词汇是大纲的词汇，还有可能是超纲词汇或句子，要注意引申含义,(3)题干特点:1.Accordingtotheauthor,theword“…”means2.by“…”,theauthormeans3.whichofthefollowingisclosetinmeaningto“…”4.theword“…”inthepassagemeans5.“…”inthepassageis6.theword“…”mostlikelymeans(4)实例分析:例1Overseasassignmentsarebecomingincreasinglyimportanttoadvancementwithinexecutiveranks.Theexecutivestationedinanothercountrynolongerneedfearbeing“outofsightandoutofmind.”Heorshecanbesurethattheoverseaseffortiscentraltothecompany’splanforsuccess,andthatpromotionsoftenfolloworaccompanyanassignmentabroad.Ifanemployeecansucceedinadifficultassignmentoverseas,superiorwillhavegreaterconfidenceinhisorherabilitytocopebackintheUnitedStateswherecross-culturalconsiderationsandforeignlanguageissuesarebecomingmoreandmoreprevalent(普遍的).Inthispassage,“outofsightandoutofmind”(Lines2-3,Para.3)probablymeans.A.beingunabletothinkproperlyforlackofsightB.beingunabletoimprovethesalaryandpositionC.missingopportunitiesforpromotionwhenabroadD.beingawayfromoverseasassignmentsandtheircould-beadvancement 例2Whilecomputersoffertheseconveniencestoconsumers,theyhavemanyadvantagesforsellerstoo.Electroniccashregisterscandomuchmorethansimplyringupsales.Theycankeepawiderangeofrecords,includingwhosoldwhat,when,andtowhom.Thisinformationallowsbusinessmentokeeptrackoftheirlistofgoodsbyshowingwhichitemsarebeingsoldandhowfasttheyaremoving.Decisionstoreorderorreturngoodstosupplierscanthenbemade.Atthesametimethesecomputersreoordwhichhoursarebusiestandwhichemployeesarethemosteffi-cient,allowingpersonnelandstaffingassignmentstobemadeaccordingly.Andtheyalsoidentifypreferredcustomersforpromotionalcanlpaigns.Computersarereliedonbvmanufacturersforsimilarreasons.Thephrase"ringupsales"(Line3,Para.2)mostprobablymeans"_____".A.informationaboutsellingtowhowhatandwhenB.keepthebasicrecordsforsellersC.callthesalesmanagerD.keeptrackofthegoods例3Whileit’struethatweallneedacareer,itisequallytruethatourcivilizationhasaccumulatedanincredibleamountofknowledgeinfieldsfarremovedfromourownandthatwearebetterforourunderstandingoftheseothercontributions—betheyscientificorartistic.Itisequallytruethat,instudyingthediversewisdomofothers,welearnhowtothink.Moreimportantly,perhaps,educationteachesustoseetheconnectionsbetweenthings,aswellastoseebeyondourimmediateneedsinabroadway.Bysaying“Whileit’struethat…betheyscientificorartistic?(Lines1-3,Para.5),theauthormeansthat________.A.anincredibleamountofknowledgeshouldbeincludedineducationalprogramsB.humanwisdomhasaccumulatedatanextraordinarilyhighspeedC.humanintellectualdevelopmenthasreachednewheightsD.theimportanceofabroadeducationshouldnotbeoverlooked例4Peopleinearliererasweresurroundedbyremindersofmisery.Theyworkeduntilexhausted,livedwithfewprotectionsanddiedyoung.IntheWest,beforemasscommunicationandliteracy,themostpowerfulmassmediumwasthechurch,whichremindedworshippersthattheirsoulswereinperilandthattheywouldsomedaybemeatforworms.Givenallthis,theydidnotexactlyneedtheirarttobeabummertoo.Theword“bummer”mostprobablymeanssomething

A.religiousB.unpleasantC.soulD.worms例5(1)Americansnolongerexpectpublicfigures,whetherinspeechorinwriting,tocommandtheEnglishlanguagewithskillandgift.Nordotheyaspiretosuchcommandthemselves.Inhislatestbook“DoingOurOwnThing”,TheDegradationoflanguageandMusicandWhyWeshouldlike,Care,JohnMcWhorter,alinguistandcontroversialistofmixedliberalandconservativeviews,seesthetriumphof1960scounter-cultureasresponsibleforthedeclineofformalEnglish.(2)Blamingthepermissive1960sisnothingnew,butthisisnotyetanothercriticagainstthedeclineineducation.Mr.McWhorter'sacademicspecialtyislanguagehistoryandchange,andheseesthegradualdisappearanceof"whom",forexample,tobenaturalandnomoreregrettablethanthelossofthecase-endingsofOldEnglish.(3)Butthecultoftheauthenticandthepersonal,“doingourownthing”,hasspeltthedeathofformalspeech,writing,poetryandmusic.Whileeventhemodestlyeducatedsoughtanelevatedtonewhentheyputpentopaperbeforethe1960s,eventhemostwellregardedwritingsincethenhassoughttocapturespokenEnglishonthepage.Equally,inpoetry,thehighlypersonal,performativegenreistheonlyformthatcouldclaimrealliveliness.InbothoralandwrittenEnglish,talkingistriumphingoverspeaking,spontaneityovercraft.Theword“talking”(Line6,paragraph3)denotesA.modesty.B.personality.C.liveliness.D.informality.例6Tight-lippedeldersusedtosay,“It'snotwhatyouwantinthisworld,butwhatyouget.”Psychologyteachesthatyoudogetwhatyouwantifyouknowwhatyouwantandwanttherightthings.”Whatdotheeldersmeanwhentheysay,"It'snotwhatyouwantinthisworld,butwhatyouget."?A.You'llcertainlygetwhatyouwant.B.It'snousedreaming.C.Youshouldbedissatisfiedwithwhatyouhave.D.It'sessentialtosetagoalforyourself.例7“Weareallexcitedatthespiritofanindustrywhichisunfettered(无拘无束的)andunrestrained,becauseeachpersonworksforhimself…Wehavenoprinces,forwhomwetoil(干苦力活)，starve,andbleed:wearethemostperfectsocietynowexistingintheworld.”Thepromiseofalandwhere“therewardsofaman’sindustryfollowwithequals