词汇复习第五单元

词汇复习第五单元1.consider的基本含义及句式:1.)考虑；思考Thecourtwouldnotevenconsiderhisclaimfortheoldman'slegacy.法庭根本不会考虑他所提出的对老人遗产的要求。Hersuccessisnotsurprisingifyouconsiderherexcellenttraining.Iamconsidering

goingabroad.我正在考虑出国。Weconsiderthattheywillgiveusahand.Letmeconsider.让我考虑一下。12.)认为；以为某人,某事(是)…的Heconsiderswastetobe/ascriminal.认为浪费是有罪的Sheisconsidered(tobe/as)anintelligentwoman.她被认为是一个聪明的女人。Heconsiderssuccess(tobe/as)oflittleimportance.他认为成功并不重要。Iconsiderit(tobe/as)agreathonor.我认为这是极大的荣幸。Weconsiderthatthedriverisnottoblame.我们认为这不是司机的过错。2*Heconsidered_____typingthereportsofarshouldagreetojoinus.a.finishingb.tofinishc.havingfinishedd.tohavefinished重要句式:1.)sbconsidersth=sbthinkaboutsth=sbtakesthintoconsideration/account2.)sbconsiderdoingsth/beingdone3.)sbconsiderthatS+P…

d34.)sbconsidersb/sth(tobe/as)+adj/n=sbregard/thinkof/lookon/lookuponsb/sthas+adj/n*5.)sbbeconsideredtohavedonesth形容词词形:considerable相当大的；相当多的TheTVplayreceivedconsiderableacclaim.这部电视剧获得很高评价。awriterofconsiderableinfluence.一名有很大影响的作家Theeconomywasaconsiderableissueinthecampaign.在竞选运动中经济是一个重要问题42.spare的一词多义:A.动词:1.)提供;付出;抽出;匀出Canyouspare(me)tenminutes?你能抽出十分钟吗?Ihavenotimetospare.我抽不出时间。Nowwecansparenoonetodoanyotherwork2.)使免遭：使解除或免于经历或做（某事）：Shesparedherselfthetroubleofgoing.她省却了去一趟的麻烦5重要词组:1.)sbAspare(sbB)sth2.)sbsparesthtodosth3.)sbAsparesbB/oneself+sth=sbAsavesbB/oneself+sth*4.)sbsparenoefforts/expensetodosth=sbtryone’sbesttodosth=sbgo_____________todosth=sbtake_______________todosth

alloutgreattrouble6B.形容词:备用的;多余的，剩余的asparetire备用轮胎sparecash余款Ifyouhaveasparebed,mayIstaytonight?如果你有空床的话，今晚我可以留下吗？Haveyouanysparetimetohelpme?你有空帮助我吗？Youcansithereinyoursparetimeandreadthecarpet!空闲时你就坐在这里读地毯吧!(sbdosth)inone’ssparetime

73.set(v)的几个重要的基本含义:1.)放置：放在指定的地方；setabookonatable.在桌上放一本书2.)使处于某种状态：settheprisoneratliberty.给犯人自由3.)固定：固定或处于不动状态：Hesethisjawandconcentratedonflyingtheplanethroughthestorm.他固定下颌，专心于在风暴中飞行4.)校正：将（钟表,仪器）调整到某定点或刻度：setanalarmclock.上闹钟85.)创立：创立某项活动的最高水平：树立：树立榜样：setaworldrecord.创世界纪录Aparentmustsetagoodexampleforthechildren.父母必须为孩子树立好榜样6.)落下：消失在地平线下：Thesunsetatseventhatevening.那晚太阳七点落下7.)调整；安排Peopleusedtosettheirwatchesbytheradio.人们过去常根据收音机对表。9settheclock调整钟表Theteachersetusatest.老师安排了我们一个测验。Thefastestrunnersetthepaceandtheothersfollowed.“跑得最快的人确定了步速,其他人在后面跟着跑。Set构成的重要词组:1.)a.]setaboutsth/doingsth=setouttodosth开始…b.]setout(for+地点)出发(去某地)

setaboutsolvingtheproblem.着手解决问题102.)setasidesth留出，拨出,把…存起来3.)setdown记录：写下；记录：Wesetdownthefacts.我们记下事实4.)setforthsth=put________sth=bring______sth提出：提出想法；建议：setforthasoundplan.提出一个合理的计划5.)setoffa.]出发，启程(=setout；setforth)Oneafternoonshesetoutfromthecoastinasmallboatandwascaughtinastorm."一天下午,她乘坐小船从海岸出发,遇到了一场暴风雨。"11Thechildrensetoffforschool.孩子们上学去了。b.]使爆炸，引起爆炸"Asatraditionalwaytocelebratethenewyear,settingofffirecrackersisjustifiablywelcomedbymostChinesepeople.""燃放鞭炮,作为一种传统的庆贺新年活动,理所当然地受到大多数中国人民的欢迎。"c.]引起（突发的动作）；导致（突然的活动）Thenewssetoffarushofactivity.这消息令人蜂拥而动。6.)setup建立：setupacharity.建立一家慈善机构127.)setonsb攻击；袭击5.break构成的词组:1.)breakaway(fromsb/sth)a.](从…处)逃走；逃脱Therobberysuspectbrokeawayfromthelockup.抢劫嫌疑犯从拘留所逃脱了。Modernmusiclikejazzhasbrokenawayfromtheoldtraditionalrules.(喻)(摆脱,放弃,戒除…)现代音乐如爵士乐摆脱了旧的传统规则。13b.]断裂；开裂Alargepieceoficebrokeawayfromthemainblock.一大块冰从整个大冰块上断裂开来。2.)breakdowna.]（机器）损坏:sthbreakdownOurtruckbrokedownoutsidetown.我们的卡车在城外抛锚了。Thecarbrokedownhalfwaytothedestination.汽车在到达目的地的中途抛锚了。14The8o'clocktrainbrokedownatFerngreenstationandwastakenofftheline.8点钟的那趟车因在芬格林车站出了故障而被取消了。Theelevatorbrokedown.电梯出毛病了b.]失败；破裂sthbreakdown(引申义)Theiroppositionbrokedown.他们的反对意见打消了。Thepeacetalksaresaidtohavebrokendown.(喻)据说和谈破裂了。c.]精神崩溃；身体垮掉

sbbraekdown(引申义)Hebrokedownandwept.他不禁失声痛哭。15d.]起化学变化;从化学上分解，sthAbreakdownsthBFoodisbrokendownbychemicals.化学物质引起食物转化。Chemicalsinthebodybreakourfooddownintousefulsubstances.人体中的化学元素把食物分解成有用的物质。3.)sbbreakupsth;sthbreakupa.]把…分裂成碎片；分开：分裂;破裂breakupachocolatebar.把一块长条巧克力弄碎16Theicewillbreakupwhenthewarmweathercomes.天气转暖,冰层就会破裂。Theirmarriagebrokeup.他们的婚姻破裂了。b.]分散：散开,使…分散/散开,拆散…Thecrowdbrokeupafterthegame.比赛结束后人群四面散开Thepolicebrokeupthefightingcrowd.警察驱散了打架的人群。174.)sbbreakoff(sth)a.]断绝（关系）不再友好，绝交We’vedecidedtobreakofftherelationshipwiththatcountry.b.]停下(工作,讲话)Let’sbreakoff(work)forabreak.5.)breakina.]sbbreakin(不可跟地点)闯入；强行进入Theburglarbrokeinandstolemymoney.夜窃贼破门而入,偷了我的钱。18b.]sbbreakin(onsbB)打断；插嘴=interrupt(sb)It'sherusualhabittobreakinwithsomeideasofherown.他常常打断别人的话来发表自己的观点。Childrenshouldn'tbreakinonadults'conversation.小孩子不要打断大人们的谈话。Thetelephoneringbrokeinon/uponmythoughts.电话铃声打断了我的思路。196.)sbbreakintosth:闯入某处Thethievesbrokeintotheofficeandstolesomemoney.小偷闯入办公室，偷了一些钱。Thebanditsbrokeintothejewelryandstolenearlyallthevaluablenecklaces.土匪们闯进了珠宝店盗走了几乎所有值钱的项链。7.)AbreakthroughB突破…Afterthestormthesunbrokethroughtheclouds.风暴过后太阳冲破了云层。20Theguerrillassoonbrokethrough.游击队很快就突围了。Atlast,thosephysiciansandspecialistsbrokethroughintheirfightagainstheartdisease.那些内科医生和专家们终于在同心脏病的斗争中取得了突破。Sbbreakthroughinsth(引申义)7.call构成的重要词组:1.)callfora.]sbcallforsth(help)本义:大声呼救21b.]要求；需要：sb/sthAcallforBworkthatcallsforpatience.需要耐心的工作Theoccasioncallsforacoolhead.这种场合需要冷静的头脑。c.]sbAcallforsbB(+介词+地点/+介词+时间)2.)callup

a.]sbAcallupsbB=sbAringup/telephonesbBb.]sthAcallupsthB唤起：使人忆起；带入心中：storiesthatcallupoldtimes.使人怀旧的故事223.)SbAcallinsbB邀请：callinaspecialist.邀请一个专家*Sbcallinsick打电话请假4.)sbcalloffsth取消：=sbcancel/abolishsthcalloffatrip;取消旅游；Themeetinghasbeencalledoff.会议取消了。5.)callona.]sbAcallonsbB=sbAdropinonsbB拜访I‘llcallonhimtomorrow.明天我去拜访他。*sbcallat+地点=sbdropinat+地点23b.]sbAcallonsbBtodosth号召；呼吁8.limit的基本用法:A.名词：限制；限定;边界；界限

a/thelimittosth/todoingsthThereisalimittotheamountofmoneyIcanafford.我能付得起的钱数是有限的。Thespeedlimitisthefastestspeedyouareallowedtodriveacarat.限速是允许驾车的最快速度。withinthecitylimits.在城市范围内24B.动词:限制：限制或限定在一边界或范围之内规定，指定：明确地规定；限定（与to连用）Sb/sthAlimitsb/sthBtosth/doingsthTheConstitutionlimitsthePresident'stermofofficetofouryears.宪法规定总统的任期四年。Thisdriverreceivedaticketbecausehefailedtolimithisspeedwhiledrivinginheavytraffic.那位司机收到了一个违章通知单，因为他在车辆多的地方没能限制开车速度。25Attheconference,eachspeakerisrequiredtolimithisspeechto5minutes.Thepolicelimitedthesuspecttowalkingintheroom.Ilimitedmyselftotwomodestambitions;todophysicalexerciseseverymorningandtoreadmoreofanevening.我把自己的决心限制于两项小小的抱负：即每天早晨做体操，常在晚上多读一点书。Wemustlimitourexpensetowhatwecanafford.我们必须不使开支超出我们的支付能力26Adj:limited有限的Heseemstohaveonlyalimitedintelligence.似乎他的智力有限。*…Co.ltd/Inc13.cut构成的词组:1.)cutoffa.]sb/sthAcutoffsthB:截断…的道路或通道：中断或打断…的通讯线路：切断…供应,供给Thetelephoneoperatorcutusoff.电话接线员把我们的线路切断了27Thecountry’seconomycouldcollapseifoilsuppliedwerecutoff.b.]AcutoffB(fromC):分离，隔离：A使B与C隔绝Thevillagewascutoff(bytheheavysnow)fromtheoutsideworld.2.)sbcutdown(onsth);cutdownsthto+数词削减：减少食用或使用的数量：cutdownonone'sintakeofrichfoods.减少对多油腻食物的食量cutdownonsmoking减少抽烟28cutdownthepriceoftheTVsetto$200*砍倒；砍伤；砍死(本义)cutdownatreewithanaxe用斧头把树砍倒3.)cutoutsth切去，删去：用或似乎用切割来去除cutoutadress裁剪衣服cutoutapictureofthenewspaper4.)cutin插嘴;超车抢挡；（突然）插入Don'tcutinwhileI'mtalking.我说话时别插嘴。cutinonaqueue加塞儿*haircut理发

powercut停电2914.prove的基本含义及用法：（及物动词）1.)证明：通过提示论据或证据来确立真实性或有效性Hehasprovedhiscourageinbattle.他已在战斗中证明了自己的勇气。Factshaveprovedthatthecreativepowerofthepeopleknowsnolimits.事实证明人民的创造力是无穷的。30Thelittleboyhasprovedhisclevernessinthetelevisionquiz.这个小男孩在这次电视知识测验中证实了他的聪明。2.)试验；proveanewweapon试验新武器B.(系动词):显示出…，证明是…：显示出是如此的；结果是：atheorythatprovedimpracticalinpractice.一个被证明在实践中不实用的理论Themethod/drugproved(tobe)highlyeffective.这个方法/这种药证明是非常有效的。31Myadviceprovedtobewrong.我的意见证实是错的。重要句式:1.)sb/sthprovesth

2.)sb/sthprovethatS+P…近义:sb/sthconfirmsth进一步证实；确定；支持sb/sthconfirmthatS+P…Pleaseconfirmyourtelephonemessagebywritingtome.请给我来封信，好进一步证实你在电话中传达的消息。32MyemployerwillconfirmthatIwasthereontime.“我的雇主将会证实,我是准时到达的。*3.)sb/sthprove(tobe)+adj/n=sb/sthturn__________(tobe)+adj/n*名词词形:proof近义词:___________*proof耐…的，防…的：完全地或成功地抵制的；不能穿透的。常用于合成词中：waterproofwatches;afireproofcellardoor.

out

evidence防水表防火地窖3316.stick的一词多义:A.动词:1.)（与in,into,on连用）粘住；贴住;

（把尖物）插入，刺入，戳入Istuckastampontheletter.我把一张邮票贴在信上。stickahookonthewall.把一个钩子钉在墙上Hestuckaflowerinhisbuttonhole;把一朵花插在他的扣眼里；stickaforkintoapotato用叉子叉上马铃薯34Istuckaneedleintothecloth.我把一根针扎进布里。2.)伸出或突出：Wesawhairstickingoutonhishead;我们看见他的头上伸出来的一绺头发；anantennastickingupontheroof.屋顶上伸出来的天线Shestuckherheadoutofthewindow.她把头伸出窗外35重要词组:1.)sb/sthbestuckinsth=sb/sthbe___________insth:被难住,卡住、塞住或阻住：陷入/被困于…(险境,困境)Wewerestuckintrafficforanhour.我们被卡在交通阻塞中达一个小时Thepolicearetryingtorescuetheboystuckintheelevatoronaccountofapowerfailure.近义词组:sb/sthbe_____________insth(险境,困境,灾害性天气等)

trapped

caught362.)sbsticktosth坚持(理论,观点,立场,原则;信守诺言等)sticktobasicprinciples.坚持基本原则19.act的一词多义:1.)行动，运作：Weactedimmediately.我们马上行动。Thegovernorhasnotyetactedonthebill.州长还没有按照法案行事Thinkbeforeyouact!三思而后行！372.)起…作用；产生…效果Doesthedrugtakelongtoact?这药要很久才能起作用吗？3.)装作；以…自居Heisalwaysactingtheexperiencedman.他一向以经验丰富者自居。Heactedashosttovisitors.他以主人身份接待来客。4.)扮演,表演Heactedhispartwell.他扮演的那个角色很成功。38Anewly-devisedmicrocomputercanactasaguidetoablindperson.一种新设计的微型计算机能够充任盲人的向导。Don'tactfool.别装傻。ManychildrenactinTVshows.有许多孩子在电视节目中进行表演。重要词组：1.)sbactthepart/roleofsb2.)sbactas+职业/职位393.)sthactas+n=sthbe_________as+nAcoincanactasascrewdriver.硬币可充当螺丝起子4.)sbactoutsthactoutastory.连说带比划地讲将故事20.admit的一词多义:1.)许可进入，录取(某人)入学Thisticketadmitstwopeopletothefootballmatch.这张票可供两人入场看足球赛。used40CongratulateyouonbeingadmittedbyBeijingUniversity2.)允许某人加入…组织,团体等Hewasadmittedtothebarassociation.他被接纳/吸收到律师协会3.)承认；供认(犯了错误或罪行)Headmittedhiscrime.他招认了罪行。Heneveradmitsthatheiswrong.他从不承认自己错了。Johnhasadmittedbreakingthewindow.约翰已承认打碎了窗子。41比较:recognize承认，认可：认识到或表现出接受…的合理性或真实性：（与as,for连用）公认，承认recognizeanewgovernment承认一个新政府重要词组:1.)sbAadmitsbBto/into+地点2.)sbAadmitsbBinto+团体/组织等=sbA____________/____________sbBintosth3.)sbbeadmittedintosth

absorb

accept424.)sbadmitsth/doingsth/thatS+P….反义词组:sb_________sth/doingsth/thatS+P对比词汇:sbrecognizesth/sb(as+n)26.go构成的词组:1.)sbgooverstha.]视察；查看=________throughsthWewentoverthebuilding.我们查看了这座大楼。Wemustgoovertheaccountscarefullybeforewesettlethem.在结账之前，我们必须仔细查阅账目。

deny

look43Youmustgoovertheinstructionsofhowitworks