动力锂离子电池及其关键材料开发与评估-汪继强

DevelopmentandEvaluationofPowerLi-ionBatteryandKeyMaterials

动力锂离子电池及其关键材料开发与评估XingjiangLIU,ChengweiXIAOandJiqiangWANGNationalKeyLab.ofPowerSources,ChinaTianjinInstituteofPowerSources,Tianjin300381,ChinaThe4thInternationalForumonPowerLIBforEV,Oct.17,2009,BeijingOutlineIntroductionDevelopmenttargetandstatusofPowerLIBKeymaterialsforpowerLIBTechnicalissuesandsolutionSummaryIntroductionNationalprogramfornextgenerationpowerbatteryUSA:2.4B$,48Projects,forNext-GenerationofBatteriesandElectricVehiclesJapan:0.2B$,42subjectsincludingBatteriesforStationary&VehicleChina:“13cities,1000EVs”plan,“863”projects,“973”projectsTypeLead-acidNi-MHLIBECSpecificEnergy（Wh/kg）20-4050-8080-1402-6SpecificPower（W/kg）<1000>1000>1000>1000Cyclelife（100%DOD）<500>1000500-1000>100000SelfdischargeFastSlowVeryslowFastSafetyExcellentGoodAcceptableExcellentCostVeryLowLowHighHighIntroductionTableComparisonofelectrochemicalpowersourcesTechnicalrequirementguidance(secondstage)

forpowerbatteryineleventhfive-yearplan

Capacity（Ah）8、2050100Powerdensity（W/kg）≥1800≥700≥500Energydensity（Wh/kg）LiFePO4≥65≥110≥110LiMn2O4≥70≥120≥120Max.dischargerate30C(20s)6C(30s)5C(30s)Max.chargerate10C(10s)(60s)4C(60s)Internalresistance（mΩ）≤2.0≤3.0≤2.5SafetyPassrequirementsofindustiralnormornationalstandardPackcyclelife（10,000km）15（LFP），10（LMO）Cost(RMBYuan/Wh）≤3≤2≤2PerformanceofLi-ionbatteryforEVManufacturerPositivematerialNegativematerialSpecificenergy(Wh/kg)Powerdensity(W/kg)Capacity(Ah)ALiFePO4MCMB9248240BLiFePO4MCMB10766311.5CLiFePO4MCMB7759040DLiFePO4MCMB9243960ELiMn2O4MCMB112487100KeyMaterialsCathode:LiMn2O4,LFP,NCM,LVPAnode:NGR,HC,LTOElectrolyte:LiPF6based,LiBOB,ionliquidSeparator:PE,PP,PP/PE/PPKeyMaterials-LiMn2O4Specificsurfacearea:SamllCrystal:wellDoping:Al、Cr、Zr……Coating:Al2O3、ZrO2、AlPO4……KeyMaterials-LFP0204060801001201401601803.84.04.24.42ndcharge/dischargePotential/V.vs.LiSpecificCapacity/mAh/gLiH2PO4Fe2O3DopingsourceCarbonsourceMixing/BallmillingOrganicorwatersolventSlurrymixtureDrycompositeparticlesatsubmicronlevelSpraydryingIntermediateproductPulverizingClassificationFinalpowderProductd50=3-6mDryinginair(Optional)KeyMaterials-NCMKeyMaterials-LTOFig.High-ratedischargeperformanceofthecellAonvariousC-ratesatambienttemperature.Fig.High-ratedischargeperformanceofthecellBonvariousC-ratesatambienttemperature.Averagevoltage

cellA:2.4VcellB:1.8VSpecificenergy

cellA:67

Wh/kgcellB:52Wh/kgSEMObservationofLTO/ACFig.SEMimagesofAC(a)andACloadedLi4Ti5O12(b).5μm5μma)b)5μm5μm5μm5μma)b)LTO/ACACElectrochemicalCapacitorS/N:NCM-LTO-CNT0506Voltage:3.0-0.5VCapacity:500mAhTianjinInstituteofPowerSourcesApplicationofLTO/CNTinLIB/LICFig.PhotooflaminatedcellwithLTO/CNTnegativeelectrode.Fig.HighratedischargebehivorofthecellwithLTO/CNTnegativeelectrode.Technicalissuesandsolution1.SafetyissueMaterial:LiMn2O4,LFP,ModifiedNCMCelldesign:Capacityratioofcathode/anode;Maximumpower;Capacity-10AhforHEV,50AhforEV;Structure-Heatdispersionandconductibility;Theothers:Additive,separator,safetyvent…Technicalissuesandsolution2.PowerandLifeHighpower:1)Increasingtheelectronandiondiffusionspeed;2)Smallerparticlesize;3)Thicknessandporosityofelectrode;4)ElectrolyteLongerlife:1)Cyclelife;2)Calendarlife;Interfacestability(SEI)Technicalissuesandsolution3.SpecificEnergyNewmaterialdevelopmentCathode:LayerdMnbasedmaterial;LVP…Anode:Sibasedmaterial

NewChallengesNationalprogramfornextgenerationelectrochemicalpowersourcePeriod:year2009toyear2013Battery:300Wh/kg,basedonlithium-ionsystemHigh-PowerElectrochemicalPowerSource:withspecificpowerof5000W/kgandspecificenergyof20Wh/kg,basedlithium-ioncellorelectrochemicalcapacitor.........................OrganizedbyTianjinInstituteofPowerSourcesFig.X-raydiffractionpatternsofLi1.2+x[Ni1/4Mn3/4]0.8-xO2powders((a)x=0,(b)x=0.0381,(c)x=0.0727)andLatticeconstantsa,c,andVasafunctionofLicontent.Fig.3.ScanningelectronphotographsofLi1.2+x[Ni1/4Mn3/4]0.8-xO2.LayeredLi1.2+x[Ni1/4Mn3/4]0.8-xO2materialCathodematerialFig.Thefirstcharge/dischargeprofiles&cycleabilityofLi1.2+x[Ni1/4Mn3/4]0.8-xO2.AnodematerialFig.XRDplotsofSi-basedcompositesafterheattreatmentat900ºC..Fig.TEMimagesoftheSi-basedcompositewiththeSiO/graphite/coal.AnodematerialFig.Charge/dischargecurvesofSi-SiO2-Catthecurrentdensityof100mA/g.Fig.Cycliceabilityoftheas-preparedSi-SiO2-graphite-carboncompositesatthecurrentdensityof100mA/g.(

3/0/3△3/1/2○3/2/1□3/1.5/1.5).Summary

ActiveMaterials

Cathode:LMO,LFP,NCM;Anode:HC,NGC,LTO;CellLMOorLFPorNCM/HCorNGCforPHEV,EV

NCMorNCA/LTOforHEV