构词法(优质)课件

Grammar构词法(WordFormation)2012高考英语语法总复习（优质课件）Grammar构词法(Word1Ifyoumeetthenewwordswhilereading,whatwillyoudo?It’snotalwaysnecessarytounderstandthemeaningofeveryword,justgoonreading!

Guessthemeaning!

How?Ifyoumeetthenewwordswhil2

Whenwedealwiththeproblemsinreadingcomprehension,wecanuseWordFormationtohelpus,butthecontext(上下文，语境)isalsoveryimportant.Whenwedealwiththepr31.Iwillnotmakefriendswithadishonest

person.2.Whenthelittleboyfinished,hisfatherwas

speechless.3.Abad-lookingpickpocketstolemywallet根据构词法猜词

首先要熟悉基本的构词法及其规律,其次要掌握一定的词根和词缀。如:un-,im-,mis-,-less,-ness等。小结dis+honest不诚实的speech+less

说不出话的pick+pocket扒手1.Iwillnotmakefriendswit4构词法派生法（Derivation）合成法(Compounding)

转化法（Conversion）缩略法（Abbreviation）

ableunable;teachteacherspace+shipspaceshipvisitv.visitn.Doityourself.DIY构词法派生法（Derivation）合成法(Compound5合成词Compoundpain-killer＋＝止痛药合成词Compoundpain-killer＋＝止痛药6＋＝color-blind色盲＋＝color-blind色盲7＋＝sleep-walk梦游sleep-walker＋＝sleep-walk梦游sleep-walker8二、合成法（Compounding）highwaywaiting-roomkind-hearted

把两个或两个以上独立的词合成一个新词。二、合成法（Compounding）highway把两个9合成词汇展厅一.合成名词二.合成动词三.合成形容词四.合成副词五.合成代词合成词汇展厅一.合成名词10一.合成名词例词

seafood;

名词／代词＋名词构成方式１greenhouse;形容词＋名词handwriting;名词+动名词（V-ing）waiting-room;动名词+名词pain-killer名词+动词(er/or)pickpocket;动词+名词turn-off动词+副词output副词＋动词afternoon介词／副词＋名词一.合成名词例词seafood;名词／代词＋名词构成方式11二.合成动词构成方式３.名词＋动词overcome;构成方式1．副词＋动词whitewash构成方式２．形容词＋动词sleepwalk;二.合成动词构成方式３.名词＋动词overcome;构成12三.合成形容词副词＋过去分词snow-white名词+形容词English-speaking名词＋现在分词man-made构成方式例词high-class;形容词＋名词light-blue形容词＋形容词good-looking形容词＋现在分词warm-hearted形容词＋名词+edsecond-hand数词＋名词hard-working副词＋现在分词well-known副词＋过去分词underground介词＋名词三.合成形容词副词＋过去分词snow-white名词+形容词13四.合成副词however;构成方式1．副词＋副词anywhere;whatever构成方式1．代词＋副词downstairs;upstairs构成方式3．副词＋名词anyway形容词＋名词四.合成副词however;构成方式1．副词＋副词anyw14五.合成代词something;everything;nobody;someone;anybody构成方式：some/any/no+thing/one/body五.合成代词something;everything;n151)Thefirelastedabout4hoursbeforethe__

______couldcontrolit.2)Atschoolsheformedaclose_________withseveralothergirls.3)Theydecidetospendtheirholidayatthe_______.4)Heputonahatand________beforehewentout.5)Theyoftenperforminthestreetsforthe_________.6)I’msureyouwillbe__________soon.passers-bywell-knownfirefightersfriendshipseasideovercoat1.Makecompoundwordsafterthemodels.A:passer,well,sea,fire,over,

friend,

B:by,known,side,

fighter,

coat,ship,

Model:part+time=part-time2.Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.1)Thefirelastedabout4hou16

Nevertrouble

troubleuntil

trouble

troublesyou.Nevertroubletroubleuntil17转化法（Conversion）tastev.尝起来n.味道{Ithasagoodtaste.Ittastesverygood.handn.手v.递送wrongadj.错误的n.错的事{{Wealwayswalkhandinhand.Please

hand

methebook.Thereissomethingwrongwiththecar.

Hedidn’tknowthedifferencebetweenrightandwrong.clean{adj.干净v.清扫Pleasekeeptidyandclean.Youhavetocleantheblackboardafterclass.转化法（Conversion）tastev.尝起来n.味道181.JimdreamsofbeingthebestfootballplayerinEngland.2.Pleasestophere,anditisthebusstop3.Thecoachwasquestioningtheteammembersabouttheirpracticeconditions4.Who’sguardingthatbuilding?5.Thecarsloweddowntohalfitsspeed6.Don’tusetoocoldwatertowaterflowers7.Theoldinourvillagearelivingahappylife.

1.Jimdreamsofbeingthebes19派生法Derivation派生法前缀后缀否定前缀其他前缀名词后缀形容词后缀副词后缀动词后缀否定前缀其他前缀派生法Derivation派前缀后缀否定前缀其他前缀名词后20加前缀：happy---

___happy

加后缀：

develop---

develop_______既加前缀又加后缀：employ---____employ_______unmentunment派生词（derivation）

加前缀：unmentunment派生词（derivation211.派生词

注意:前缀一般只改变词义,

不改变词类;后缀一般只改变

词类,不引起词义变化1.派生词

注意:前缀一般只改变词义,

不改变词类;后22Derivation:

1)前缀:

(1)dis-:disagree,dislike,disappear(2)in-(il-,im-,ir-):

incorrect,

impossible,irregular,(3)un-:

unhappy,unable,unfit,(4)non-:

nonstop,nonverbal(非语言的)(5)re-:

rewrite,review

Derivation:1)前缀:232)后缀:

(1)构成名词：

(2)构成形容词:(3)构成动词:(4)构成副词:(5)构成数词:-er,-ese,-ist,-ian,-ment,-tion,-ness,-th.buyer,Chinese,socialist,musicianagreement,collection,illness,truth-al,-an,-ful,-ing,-y,-less

national,American,careful,

exciting,cloudy,useless-fy,-is(z)e:beautify,realize-ly:

badly-teen,-ty,-ththirteen,sixty,twelfth2)后缀:-er,-ese,24一、派生法（Derivation）由词根(root)加前缀（prefix）或后缀（suffix）构成新词。un-否定前缀dis-in-im-mis-non-

understandpolitesmokeragreefairvisible一、派生法（Derivation）由词根(root)加前缀（25trans--graphtele-super-co-vis-bio-sub--port-carryseebelowlifetogether/withmorethanusualfaracrosswritingMatchtheprefixorsuffixwiththemeaning.trans-carryMatchtheprefix26Guessthemeaningoftheunderlinedwords1.Manycountriesimportmostoftheoiltheyuse.2.Hestudiedbiophysicsatcollege.3.Itisveryimportanttolearnhowto

cooperatewithothers.4.Allyourluggagewillbetransportedtothedestinationbytrain.5.Mycousinhasanexcellentvoice.Herdreamistobecomeasuperstar.

进口

生命物理

合作

运输明星Guessthemeaningoftheunder27Isitdifficultforyoutogetupinthemorning?Doyousometimesoversleep?1.over-:toomuchoverwork,overeatabovesth;acrossovercoat,overheadSomeimportantprefixes:

Thetrainsare____________onFridayevenings.(crowded)overcrowdedIsitdifficultforyouto28

Heenlargedhisvocabularybyreadingwidely.2.en-

动词前缀enable,endanger,Readingcan

______yourlife.(rich)enrichHeenlargedhisvocabularyb29Someimportantsuffixes:-ment,-ion,-ness,-tion,-ful,-able,-less,-en等sharpenapencilstrengthenbrightensharpadj.

sharpenv.__________________strength

_____________

brightSomeimportantsuffixes:-ment,303.Writeouttheoriginalwords.unchangeableadj._______dislikev.__________impossibilityn._________unfriendlyadj.__________overworkv.______________misunderstandingn.____________athleticadj.______________misreadv.________translatorn._____________

changelike

possiblefriendlook

understandathletereadtranslate3.Writeouttheoriginalword31II.构词法专练。给下列单词加上前缀dis-,un-,in-或im-,构成意思相反的词。1.agree_______ 2.complete_________3.healthy_________4.important________5.able_______ 6.cover_________7.known_______ 8.practical_________9.tidy_______ 10.perfect_________11.visible_______ 12.fit_________disagree incompleteunhealthyunimportantunablediscover/uncoverunknownimpracticaluntidyimperfectinvisibleunfitII.构词法专练。disagree incomplete32Practice(II):

rain(形容词)________agree(反义)__________nation(形容词)_______farm(人)__________recent(副词)________friend(形容词)________hope(形容词)_______back(形容词)_________visit(名词)__________home(形容词)________eight(序数词)________true(名词)___________America(形容词)_______China(形容词)________按括号内的要求改写下列单词rainynationalrecentlyhopefulvisitoreighthAmericandisagreefarmerfriendlybackwardshomelesstruthChinesePractice(II):rain(形容词)__334.Fillthetablewiththedifferentformsofthewords.NounverbAdjectiveAdverbamusementamuseamusingamusinglyadmitimaginesettleequipattractadmissionadmissibleadmissiblyimaginationimaginativeimaginativelysettlementsettledequipmentequippedattractionattractiveattractively4.Fillthetablewiththedif34correctcorrectionincorrectindependentdependdependabledisabledisabilityimpossiblepossiblepossibilitywrongmistakenmistakemisunderstandunderstandundergraduategraduategraduationn.反义独立的词根adj.残疾的n.不可能的n.反义n.误解词根大学生词根n.近义反义WordsBuildingcorrectcorrectionincorrectinde35correctn.反义独立的词根adj.残疾的n.不可能的n.反义n.误解词根大学生词根n.近义反义WordsBuildingcorrectn.反义独立的词根adj.残疾的n.不可能的n36四、缩略法（Abbreviation）DVVIPSOSWWWDigitalVideoVeryImportantPersonSaveOurShipWorldWideWeb四、缩略法（Abbreviation）DVDigital37BTWBRBFTFICICQRUOKTHXTTULbythewayberightbackfacetofaceIseeIseeyou.我找你．AreyouOK?thankstalktoyoulaterBTWbytheway381.Hewasoneofthebest_______inyesterday’sfootballmatch.(play)2.Look!How_______Kateislaughing!(happy)3.Itsnowed_______lastnightandnowthestreetsarecoveredwithsnow.(heavy)4.Edisonwasagreat________.Duringhislifehehadmany__________.(invent)playershappilyheavilyinventorinventions

构词法精练Usetheappropriateformofthewordstofillintheblanks.1.Hewasoneofthebest____395.Moreandmore_________havecometovisitChinaovertheseyears.（foreign）6.Wewant___________reasonsforyourfailuretohelp.(satisfy)7.Pleasegivemesomereferencework.Itwill________mytask.(simple)8.Theboyhadthe___________ofbeinghalfstarved.(appear)9.Thepolicehave__________aplotagainstthePresident.(cover)10.ThedoctorsaidthatMary’smotherneededan_________.(operate)

foreigners

satisfactorysimplifyappearanceuncoveredoperation5.Moreandmore_________hav4011.Shehopedthathersonwouldbecomea_________.(music)12.Few________wordsmadeusexcited.(speak)13.Thedaysonthemoongethotterthan________water.(boil)14.Thankyouforyour_________.(kind)15.Manycollegestudentsworkwhiletheyarestudyingbecausetheywanttomakesomemoneyfortheircollege_________.(expensive)16.Mostinternational_________lettersarewritteninEnglish,too.(busy)musicianspoken

boilingkindness

expenses

business11.Shehopedthathersonwou4117.Theboynoticedan___________mistakeonhispaper,buthedecidednottosayanythingaboutit.(correct)18.WheninRome,doasthe________do.(Rome)19.Theteacherwaspleasedwithher_______.(honest)20.Themotherdidn’tknowwhyherdaughterwascrying_______.(noise)

uncorrectedRomanshonestynoisily17.Theboynoticedan_______42

单词记忆五决：一同义（近义）法二反义法三改头法四换尾法五形近法单词记忆五决：43一：同义法词----词search=词----短语=paynoattentionto短语----短语remindsbofsth=seekignorecallup一：同义法seekignorecallup44二：反义法accept---telllies---lookdownupon---refusehonestlookupto二：反义法refusehonestlookupto45三：改头法：pay-----v.bay-----n.day-----n.hay-----n.lay-----v.may-----v.ray-----n.say-----v.way-----n.gay-----adj.三：改头法：46四：换尾法：deaf-----adj.dead-----adj.deal-----v.dean-----n.dear-----adj.四：换尾法：47经常不断地学习,你就什么都知道。你知道得越多,你就越有力量StudyConstantly,AndYouWillKnowEverything.TheMoreYouKnow,TheMorePowerfulYouWillBe写在最后经常不断地学习,你就什么都知道。你知道得越多,你就越有力量写48感谢聆听不足之处请大家批评指导PleaseCriticizeAndGuideTheShortcomings结束语讲师：XXXXXXXX年XX月XX日

感谢聆听结束语讲师：XXXXXX49Grammar构词法(WordFormation)2012高考英语语法总复习（优质课件）Grammar构词法(Word50Ifyoumeetthenewwordswhilereading,whatwillyoudo?It’snotalwaysnecessarytounderstandthemeaningofeveryword,justgoonreading!

Guessthemeaning!

How?Ifyoumeetthenewwordswhil51

Whenwedealwiththeproblemsinreadingcomprehension,wecanuseWordFormationtohelpus,butthecontext(上下文，语境)isalsoveryimportant.Whenwedealwiththepr521.Iwillnotmakefriendswithadishonest

person.2.Whenthelittleboyfinished,hisfatherwas

speechless.3.Abad-lookingpickpocketstolemywallet根据构词法猜词

首先要熟悉基本的构词法及其规律,其次要掌握一定的词根和词缀。如:un-,im-,mis-,-less,-ness等。小结dis+honest不诚实的speech+less

说不出话的pick+pocket扒手1.Iwillnotmakefriendswit53构词法派生法（Derivation）合成法(Compounding)

转化法（Conversion）缩略法（Abbreviation）

ableunable;teachteacherspace+shipspaceshipvisitv.visitn.Doityourself.DIY构词法派生法（Derivation）合成法(Compound54合成词Compoundpain-killer＋＝止痛药合成词Compoundpain-killer＋＝止痛药55＋＝color-blind色盲＋＝color-blind色盲56＋＝sleep-walk梦游sleep-walker＋＝sleep-walk梦游sleep-walker57二、合成法（Compounding）highwaywaiting-roomkind-hearted

把两个或两个以上独立的词合成一个新词。二、合成法（Compounding）highway把两个58合成词汇展厅一.合成名词二.合成动词三.合成形容词四.合成副词五.合成代词合成词汇展厅一.合成名词59一.合成名词例词

seafood;

名词／代词＋名词构成方式１greenhouse;形容词＋名词handwriting;名词+动名词（V-ing）waiting-room;动名词+名词pain-killer名词+动词(er/or)pickpocket;动词+名词turn-off动词+副词output副词＋动词afternoon介词／副词＋名词一.合成名词例词seafood;名词／代词＋名词构成方式60二.合成动词构成方式３.名词＋动词overcome;构成方式1．副词＋动词whitewash构成方式２．形容词＋动词sleepwalk;二.合成动词构成方式３.名词＋动词overcome;构成61三.合成形容词副词＋过去分词snow-white名词+形容词English-speaking名词＋现在分词man-made构成方式例词high-class;形容词＋名词light-blue形容词＋形容词good-looking形容词＋现在分词warm-hearted形容词＋名词+edsecond-hand数词＋名词hard-working副词＋现在分词well-known副词＋过去分词underground介词＋名词三.合成形容词副词＋过去分词snow-white名词+形容词62四.合成副词however;构成方式1．副词＋副词anywhere;whatever构成方式1．代词＋副词downstairs;upstairs构成方式3．副词＋名词anyway形容词＋名词四.合成副词however;构成方式1．副词＋副词anyw63五.合成代词something;everything;nobody;someone;anybody构成方式：some/any/no+thing/one/body五.合成代词something;everything;n641)Thefirelastedabout4hoursbeforethe__

______couldcontrolit.2)Atschoolsheformedaclose_________withseveralothergirls.3)Theydecidetospendtheirholidayatthe_______.4)Heputonahatand________beforehewentout.5)Theyoftenperforminthestreetsforthe_________.6)I’msureyouwillbe__________soon.passers-bywell-knownfirefightersfriendshipseasideovercoat1.Makecompoundwordsafterthemodels.A:passer,well,sea,fire,over,

friend,

B:by,known,side,

fighter,

coat,ship,

Model:part+time=part-time2.Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.1)Thefirelastedabout4hou65

Nevertrouble

troubleuntil

trouble

troublesyou.Nevertroubletroubleuntil66转化法（Conversion）tastev.尝起来n.味道{Ithasagoodtaste.Ittastesverygood.handn.手v.递送wrongadj.错误的n.错的事{{Wealwayswalkhandinhand.Please

hand

methebook.Thereissomethingwrongwiththecar.

Hedidn’tknowthedifferencebetweenrightandwrong.clean{adj.干净v.清扫Pleasekeeptidyandclean.Youhavetocleantheblackboardafterclass.转化法（Conversion）tastev.尝起来n.味道671.JimdreamsofbeingthebestfootballplayerinEngland.2.Pleasestophere,anditisthebusstop3.Thecoachwasquestioningtheteammembersabouttheirpracticeconditions4.Who’sguardingthatbuilding?5.Thecarsloweddowntohalfitsspeed6.Don’tusetoocoldwatertowaterflowers7.Theoldinourvillagearelivingahappylife.

1.Jimdreamsofbeingthebes68派生法Derivation派生法前缀后缀否定前缀其他前缀名词后缀形容词后缀副词后缀动词后缀否定前缀其他前缀派生法Derivation派前缀后缀否定前缀其他前缀名词后69加前缀：happy---

___happy

加后缀：

develop---

develop_______既加前缀又加后缀：employ---____employ_______unmentunment派生词（derivation）

加前缀：unmentunment派生词（derivation701.派生词

注意:前缀一般只改变词义,

不改变词类;后缀一般只改变

词类,不引起词义变化1.派生词

注意:前缀一般只改变词义,

不改变词类;后71Derivation:

1)前缀:

(1)dis-:disagree,dislike,disappear(2)in-(il-,im-,ir-):

incorrect,

impossible,irregular,(3)un-:

unhappy,unable,unfit,(4)non-:

nonstop,nonverbal(非语言的)(5)re-:

rewrite,review

Derivation:1)前缀:722)后缀:

(1)构成名词：

(2)构成形容词:(3)构成动词:(4)构成副词:(5)构成数词:-er,-ese,-ist,-ian,-ment,-tion,-ness,-th.buyer,Chinese,socialist,musicianagreement,collection,illness,truth-al,-an,-ful,-ing,-y,-less

national,American,careful,

exciting,cloudy,useless-fy,-is(z)e:beautify,realize-ly:

badly-teen,-ty,-ththirteen,sixty,twelfth2)后缀:-er,-ese,73一、派生法（Derivation）由词根(root)加前缀（prefix）或后缀（suffix）构成新词。un-否定前缀dis-in-im-mis-non-

understandpolitesmokeragreefairvisible一、派生法（Derivation）由词根(root)加前缀（74trans--graphtele-super-co-vis-bio-sub--port-carryseebelowlifetogether/withmorethanusualfaracrosswritingMatchtheprefixorsuffixwiththemeaning.trans-carryMatchtheprefix75Guessthemeaningoftheunderlinedwords1.Manycountriesimportmostoftheoiltheyuse.2.Hestudiedbiophysicsatcollege.3.Itisveryimportanttolearnhowto

cooperatewithothers.4.Allyourluggagewillbetransportedtothedestinationbytrain.5.Mycousinhasanexcellentvoice.Herdreamistobecomeasuperstar.

进口

生命物理

合作

运输明星Guessthemeaningoftheunder76Isitdifficultforyoutogetupinthemorning?Doyousometimesoversleep?1.over-:toomuchoverwork,overeatabovesth;acrossovercoat,overheadSomeimportantprefixes:

Thetrainsare____________onFridayevenings.(crowded)overcrowdedIsitdifficultforyouto77

Heenlargedhisvocabularybyreadingwidely.2.en-

动词前缀enable,endanger,Readingcan

______yourlife.(rich)enrichHeenlargedhisvocabularyb78Someimportantsuffixes:-ment,-ion,-ness,-tion,-ful,-able,-less,-en等sharpenapencilstrengthenbrightensharpadj.

sharpenv.__________________strength

_____________

brightSomeimportantsuffixes:-ment,793.Writeouttheoriginalwords.unchangeableadj._______dislikev.__________impossibilityn._________unfriendlyadj.__________overworkv.______________misunderstandingn.____________athleticadj.______________misreadv.________translatorn._____________

changelike

possiblefriendlook

understandathletereadtranslate3.Writeouttheoriginalword80II.构词法专练。给下列单词加上前缀dis-,un-,in-或im-,构成意思相反的词。1.agree_______ 2.complete_________3.healthy_________4.important________5.able_______ 6.cover_________7.known_______ 8.practical_________9.tidy_______ 10.perfect_________11.visible_______ 12.fit_________disagree incompleteunhealthyunimportantunablediscover/uncoverunknownimpracticaluntidyimperfectinvisibleunfitII.构词法专练。disagree incomplete81Practice(II):

rain(形容词)________agree(反义)__________nation(形容词)_______farm(人)__________recent(副词)________friend(形容词)________hope(形容词)_______back(形容词)_________visit(名词)__________home(形容词)________eight(序数词)________true(名词)___________America(形容词)_______China(形容词)________按括号内的要求改写下列单词rainynationalrecentlyhopefulvisitoreighthAmericandisagreefarmerfriendlybackwardshomelesstruthChinesePractice(II):rain(形容词)__824.Fillthetablewiththedifferentformsofthewords.NounverbAdjectiveAdverbamusementamuseamusingamusinglyadmitimaginesettleequipattractadmissionadmissibleadmissiblyimaginationimaginativeimaginativelysettlementsettledequipmentequippedattractionattractiveattractively4.Fillthetablewiththedif83correctcorrectionincorrectindependentdependdependabledisabledisabilityimpossiblepossiblepossibilitywrongmistakenmistakemisunderstandunderstandundergraduategraduategraduationn.反义独立的词根adj.残疾的n.不可能的n.反义n.误解词根大学生词根n.近义反义WordsBuildingcorrectcorrectionincorrectinde84correctn.反义独立的词根adj.残疾的n.不可能的n.反义n.误解词根大学生词根n.近义反义WordsBuildingcorrectn.反义独立的词根adj.残疾的n.不可能的n85四、缩略法（Abbreviation）DVVIPSOSWWWDigitalVideoVeryImportantPersonSaveOurShipWorldWideWeb四、缩略法（Abbreviation）DVDigital86BTWBRBFTFICICQRUOKTHXTTULbythewayberightbackfacetofaceIseeIseeyou.我找你．AreyouOK?thankstalktoyoulaterBTWbytheway871.Hewasoneofthebest_______inyesterday’sfootballmatch.(play)2.Look!How_______Kateislaughing!(happy)3.Itsnowed_______lastnightandnowthestreetsarecoveredwithsnow.(heavy)4.Edisonwasagreat________.Duringhislifehehadmany__________.(invent)playershappilyheavilyinventorinventions

构词法精练Usetheappropriateformofthewordstofillint