虚拟语气讲义完整版

虚拟语气一、虚拟语气定义英语动词有三种语气，陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气.虚拟语气定义：用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生或可能性比较小的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。二、虚拟语气的高考考点1、if条件句中虚拟语气的用法；2、条件句中虚拟语气的倒装；3、名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法；4、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气用法；5、虚拟语气与陈述语气的判定。虚拟语气的“四种形式”及“三点注意”一：虚拟语气在if条件句中的用法1真实条件句真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中if是如果的意思。句型：if条件从句主句一般现在时shall/will+动词原形Ifhecomes,hewillbringhisball.Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit.A.willrainB.rainsC.rainedD.israined时间非真实条件句的虚拟形式if从句主句现在动词过去式（be多用were）would/should/could/might+动词原形过去had+过去分词would/should/could/might+have+过去分词将来动词过去式或should/wereto+动词原形would/should/could/might+动词原形与现在事实相反IfIhadHIV,IwouldknowbecauseIwouldfeelsick.IfIwereyou,IwouldgiveAIDSpatientahug.与过去事实相反IfIhadtakenyouradvice,Iwouldn’thavemadeamistake.Ifhehadbeenthere,itwouldn’thavehappened.与将来事实相反Ifitshouldraintomorrow,theywouldn’tgoforanouting.Ithinkwecoulddoit,ifweplanneditproperlyandcouldborrowthetools.Ifweweretohavethreedaysoff,wewouldenjoyaveryhappylife.2、条件句中虚拟语气的倒装条件从句中含有should，were，had三个助动词并且放在句首时，可以把if省略。IfIwereyou,Iwouldgiveitup.===WereIyou,Iwouldgiveitup.IfIhadhadtime,Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain.===HadIhadtime,Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain.Ifthereshouldbeaflood,whatshouldwedo?===aflood,whatshouldwedo?高考链接Thericeifyouhadbeenmorecareful.wouldnotbeburningB.wouldnotburnC.wouldnothaveburntD.wouldnotburnt2.IfmylawyerherelastSaturday,hemefromgoing.hadbeen;wouldhavepreventedhadbeen;wouldpreventwere;wouldpreventwere;wouldhaveprevented3.Ididn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifsheshewouldhavemetmybrother.A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcomeforthefreetickets,Iwouldnothavegonetothefilmssooften.A.IfitisnotB.WereitnotC.HaditnotbeenD.IftheyhavenotYoudidn’tletmedrive.Ifweinturn,yousotired.A.drove;didn’tgetB.drove;wouldn’tgetC.weredriving;wouldn’tgetD.haddriven;wouldn’thavegot6.Ifshehadworkedharder,she.A.wouldsucceedB.hadsucceededC.shouldsucceedD.wouldhavesucceed—Ifhe,hethatfood.—Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.waswarned;wouldnottakehadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetakenwouldbewarned;hadnottakenwouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken8.Ifittomorrow,theywouldnotgotherebybike.A.willrainB.rainsC.wouldrainD.shouldrain9.itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridge.A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will10.IfIyou,Iwouldnotdoit.A.amB.wereC.shallbeD.being二：虚拟语气在名词性从句中用法一个坚持：insist;两命令：order,command;三建议：suggest,propose,advise;五要求：desire,demand,ask,require,request宾语从句Iproposethatwe(should)setadeadlineforhandingintheplans.Isuggestthatwe(should)setoffatonce.Iinsistedthatwe(should)decidewhattodowithhim.主语从句Itbe+上述动词的过去分词+thatsb(should)+doItisdemandedthathe(should)leaveatonce.Itisrequestedthatshe(should)giveaperformanceattheparty.Itis(was)+important/necessary/better/strange/surprising/natural/possible/apity/nowonder+thatsb(should)+doItisbestthathe(should)setoffatonce.Itisimportantthateverybody(should)betoldallthefacts.3表语从句上述动词的名词形式+be+表从sb(should)+do

Myadviceisthatwe(should)sendforadoctor.Oursuggestionisthatyou(should)befirsttogo.Hisonlyrequestisthatyou(should)givehimmoretime.5.同位语从句Doyouknowtheorderthatyou(should)leavenow?高考链接1.Iinsistthatadoctorimmediately.A.hasbeensentforB.sendsforC.willbesentforD.besentfor2.Itissuggestedthatthejobdoneinanotherway.A.wasB.wastobeC.beD.mustbeHehadanideathatwebybike.A.shallgoB.goC.wentD.wouldgoMysuggestionisthatthemeetingofftilltomorrow.A.toputB.beputC.shouldputD.beputtingTheyoungmaninsistedthathenothingwrongandfree.D.does;wouldbesetD.wouldbeD.shouldstartA.did;setB.haddone;shouldbesetC.do;D.does;wouldbesetD.wouldbeD.shouldstartA.willbeB.areC.shouldbe7.Thebossgaveordersthattheworkatonce.A.willbestartedB.mustbestartedC.bestartedTheguardthereinsistedthateverybodytherules.A.obeysB.obeyC.willobeyD.wouldobey三：虚拟在特殊句型中的用法wish/asif/ifonly现在：过去时(did/were)过去：haddone未来：would/could/might+V.wouldratherthat现在：过去时(did/were)过去：haddone未来：★过去时wish+宾语从句IwishIwereabird.IwishIhadn’tmadesuchamistake.Wewishourparentswouldn’tpunishus.asif/though+从句Shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson.Itseemsasifitwerespring.Irememberthewholethingasifithadhappenedyesterday.Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.Ifonly…(要是…就好了)IfonlyIknewhisname!Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvice!IfonlyIcouldseehimagain!•要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。•要是我没错过火车就好了！wouldratherthat-Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.•Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.高考链接1.IwishIyouyesterday.A.seenB.didseeC.hadseenD.weretoseeWhenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken3.I’dratherthatyouthereyesterdayandagainnextweekend.A.went;shouldcomeB.shouldgo;hadcomeC.hadgone;cameD.go;comeThetwostrangerstalkedasiftheyfriendsforyears.A.shouldbeB.wouldbeC.havebeenD.hadbeen—Iblamedheryesterday.—Iwouldratheryouthat.A.didn’tdoB.hadn’tdoneC.wouldn’tdoD.shouldn’tdo—Heisaverybraveman.—Yes.IwishIhiscourage.A.haveB.hadC.willhaveD.wouldhave四：Itistimethat的虚拟形式Itis（high/about）time1动词…过去式（be--were）/ShoulddoItistime还可以有其他句型形式，需注意辨析:Itistime（forsb.）todosth.ItistimeforsthItisthefirst/..timethat（从句用现在完成时）e.g:ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedBeijing.你该立刻走了（leave）我们该睡觉了（gotobed）高考链接1.Itishightimeyouthebus.A.hadcaughtB.caughtC.willcatchD.catch2.It’sabouttimehetodothework.A.beginsB.willbeginC.beginD.beganIt’shightimethatwetoschool.A.wouldgoB.wentC.goD.willgo4.Itistimeweupourresults.A.sumB.summedC.willsumD.wouldsum“三种注意”（一）、含蓄条件句含蓄条件句就是虚拟条件暗含在短语或上下文中，从句不表现出来。这时，必须根据句中表述的意义以及某些特定的信息词，并依据前文所列举的四种现象，来判断此时须采用的形式。★Withoutelectricity,humanlifequitedifferenttoday.A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe（二）、时间错综句从句与主句或上下文所表述的时间不一致。在这种情况下，我们切不可照搬某种形式，而应该按照句中所表述的时间关系，再选择相应的虚拟形式。例如：Ifyouhadworkedhardyesterday,youwouldbetirednow.★Iftheflowerhadbeenwatered,itnow.A.wouldn’tdieB.isdeadC.hadbeendeadD.willnotdie（三）、虚实错综句所谓“虚实错综句”是指虚拟现象与客观事实错综交织在一起的句子。这就需要我们细心判断哪一处是虚拟语气，哪一处应使用陈述语气。★Theyoungmaninsistedthathenothingwrongandfree.A.did;setB.haddone;shouldbesetC.do;besetD.does;wouldbeset虚拟语气创新预测Thedoctorrecommendedthatyounotswimaftereatingalargemeal.IfonlyI(have)moreconfidenceintheEnglishspeechcontestheldlastweek!HowIwishI(be)freenow!itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridge.IfIwereyoung,I(take)partinthiscamp.MyteacherurgedI(keep)adiarytoimprovemywritingskills.I'dratherhe(go)totheseasidewithmethedaybeforeyesterday.Mysuggestionisthatwe(put)upourtentsbeforedark.It'svitalthatwe(take)oursafetydrivingalongtheroadseriously.It'shightimethatshe(get)downtowritinghergraduationpaper.—Wehadgreatfunonthebeachlastweekend.—Really?HowIwishI(go)therewithyou.Ifmyfather(be)hereyesterday,hewouldhavestoppedmefromgoingsurfing.MysisterinsistedI(accompany)hertothesupermarket.Butforhertimelyhelp,I(drown)intheriver.Iwastoobusywithmycomingexam.Otherwise,I(attend)yourbirthdayparty.Imadeasuggestionthathe(set)asidesomemoneyforlateruse.Wewerecaughtintheheavyrain.Ifonlywe(stay)athome.Ifhehadseenthefilm,he(tell)meaboutit.TheteacherrecommendedI(pay)attentiontoprotectingmyeyesight.MygrandmotherrequiredthatI(form)thegoodhabitofbeingpolite.模拟精选(2017-杭州高考科目教学质检)Thevoluntaryservicesavedyouasumofmoneythatyouotherwise(spend)ontheagencyresponsibleforfindingyourpets.(2017-河南洛阳统考)Nosoonerhadthewordsbeenspokenthanherealizedthathe(remain)silent.(2017-福州质量检测)一Whatifyou(forget)tosendanessaywithyourapplication?—Iwouldhavebeenrejected.(2017-陕西质量检测一)Weareclosefriends.We(face)theproblemtogether,butwhydidn'tyouletmeknow?(2017-河北唐山统考)Itwassuggestedthatanarmedguard(stand)inreadiness,protectingthepresident.(2017-北京东城统一检测)一Doyouliketheschool?—Yeah.Ionlywishtheclasses(be)alittlesmaller.(2017-浙江金丽衢十二校第二次联考)Theupsetmotherthoughttoherself,“IfonlyI(know)what'sgoingoninmylittleboy'sheadrightnow.”（2017-安徽安庆二模）HadYeatsstoppedwritingatage40,probablyhe（be）valuedasaminorpoetnow.（2017-辽宁沈阳一模）一It（be）coolifIwonthiscontest.Idon'tthinkI'mgoodenough,though.—Giveitashot.Youneverknow.（2017-辽宁大连三中期末）一Didyoumakeitatlast?—Yes.Butforyourhelp,it（cause）aseriousloss.（2017-湖南湘中名校一联）一Maxlooksnervous.—Soyouifyouhadsofierceacompetiton.（2017-浙江湖州八校二次联考）—It'sashamethatyoumissedt