2010年考研英语真题解析-d2019中快乐人获取及时

入学统一考试英语试Section UseofReadthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)In1924America'sNationalResearchCouncilsenttwoengineerstosuperviseaseriesofindustrialexperimentsatalargeephone-partsfactorycalledtheHawthornePlantnearChicago.Ithopedtheywouldlearnhowstop-floorlighting1workers'productivity.Instead,thestudiesended2givingtheirnametothe"Hawthorneeffect",theextremelyinfluentialideathatthevery3tobeingexperimenteduponchangedsubjects'behavior.Theideaarosebecauseofthe4behaviorofthewomenintheHawthorneplant.Accordingto5oftheexperiments,theirhourlyoutputrosewhenlightingwasincreased,butalsowhenitwasdimmed.Itdidnot6whatwasdoneintheexperiment;7somethingwaschanged,productivityrose.A(n)8thattheywerebeingexperimenteduponseemedtobe9toalterworkers'behavior10itself.Afterseveraldecades,thesamedatawere toeconometric ysis.TheHawthorneexperimentsanothersurprisestore.12thedescriptionsonrecord,nosystematic13wasfoundthatlevelsofproductivitywererelatedtochangesinlighting.Itturnsoutthatpeculiarwayofconductingtheexperimentsmaybehaveletto14interpretationofwhathappened.15,lightingwasalwayschangedonaSunday.WhenworkstartedagainonMonday,output16rosecomparedwiththepreviousSaturdayand17toriseforthenextcoupleofdays.18,acomparisonwithdataforweekswhentherewasnoexperimentationshowedthatoutputalwayswentuponMonday,Workers19bediligentforthefirstfewdaysoftheweekinanycase,before20aplateauandthenslackeningoff.Thissuggeststhatthealleged"Hawthorneeffect"ishardtopindown.1.[A][B][D]2.[A][C][D]3.[A][D]4.[A][B][D]5.[A][C][D]6.[A][B][D]7.[A]asfar[B]forfear[C]incase[D]solong8.[A][B][D]9.[A]suitable [B]excessive [C]enough [D]abundant10.[A]about [B]for [C]on [D]by11.[A] [B]shown [C]subjected [D]conveyed12.[A]Contraryto [B]Consistentwith[C]Parallelwith [D]Peculiarto13.[A]evidence [B]guidance [C]implication [D]source14.[A]disputable [B]enlightening [C]reliable 15.[A]In[B]For[C]Inconsequence[D]As16.[A][B][C]unpredictably[D]17.[A][B][C] [D]18.[A][B][C] 19.[A][B][C] [D]20.[A][B][C] [D]Section ReadingPartAReadthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)OfallthechangesthathavetakenplaceinEnglish-languagenewspapersduringthepastquarter-century,perhapsthemostfar-reachinghasbeentheinexorabledeclineinthescopeandseriousnessoftheirartscoverage.Itisdifficulttothepointofimpossibilityfortheaveragereaderundertheageoffortytoimagineatimewhenhigh-qualityartscriticismcouldbefoundinmostbig-citynewspapers.Yetaconsiderablenumberofthemostsignificantcollectionsofcriticismpublishedinthe20thcenturyconsistedinlargepartofnewspaperreviews.Toreadsuchbookstodayistomarvelatthefactthattheirlearnedcontentswereoncedeemedsuitableforpublicationingeneral-circulationdailies.WeareevenfartherremovedfromtheunfocusednewspaperreviewspublishedinEnglandbetweentheturnofthe20thcenturyandtheeveofWorldWarII,atatimewhennewsprintwasdirt-cheapandstylishartscriticismwasconsideredanornamenttothepublicationsinwhichitappeared.Inthosefar-offdays,itwastakenforgrantedthatthecriticsofmajorpaperswouldwriteindetailandatlengthabouttheeventstheycovered.Theirswasaseriousbusiness,andeventhosereviewerswhoworetheirlearninglightly,likeGeorgeBernardShawandErnest ,couldbetrustedtoknowwhattheywereabout.Thesemenbelievedinjournalismasacalling,andwereproudtobepublishedinthedailypress.“Sofewauthorshavebrainsenoughorliterarygiftenoughtokeeptheirownendupinjournalism,”wrote,“thatIamtemptedtodefine‘journalism’as‘atermofcontemptappliedbywriterswhoarenotreadtowriterswhoare.’”Unfortunay,thesecriticsarevirtuallyforgotten.NevilleCardus,whowrotefortheManchesterGuardianfrom1917untilshortlybeforehisdeathin1975,isnowknownsolelyasawriterofessaysonthegameofcricket.Duringhislifetime,though,hewasalsooneofEngland’sforemostclassical-musiccritics,astylistsowidelyadmiredthathisAutobiography(1947)becameabest-seller.Hewasknightedin1967,thefirstmusiccritictobesohonored.Yetonlyoneofhisbooksisnowinprint,andhisvastbodyofwritingsonmusicisunknownsavetospecialists.IsthereanychancethatCardus’scriticismwillenjoyarevival?Theprospectseemsremote.Journalistictasteshadchangedlongbeforehisdeath,andpostmodernreadershavelittleusefortherichlyupholsteredVicwardianproseinwhichhespecialized.Moreover,theamateurtraditioninmusiccriticismhasbeeninheadlongretreat.ItisindicatedinParagraphs1and2thatartscriticismhasdisappearedfrombig-cityEnglish-languagenewspapersusedtocarrymoreartshigh-qualitynewspapersretainalargebodyofyoungreadersdoubtthesuitabilityofcriticismonNewspaperreviewsinEnglandbeforeWorldWarIIwerecharacterizedbyfree [B]casual [C]elaborate [D]radicalWhichofthefollowingwouldShaw mostprobablyagreeItiswriters’dutytofulfilljournalistic [B]Itiscontemptibleforwriterstobe[C]Writersarelikelytobetemptedinto [D]NotallwritersarecapableofjournalisticWhatcanbelearnedaboutCardusaccordingtothelasttwoHismusiccriticismmaynotappealtoreaders [B]Hisreputationasamusiccritichaslongbeenin[C]Hisstylecaterslargelytomodern [D]HiswritingsfailtofollowtheamateurWhatwouldbethebesttitlefortheNewspapersoftheGoodOld [B]TheLostHorizonin[C]MournfulDeclineof [D]ProminentCriticsinOverthepastdecade,thousandsofpatentshavebeengrantedforwhatarecalledbusinessreceivedoneforits"one-click"onlinepaymentsystem.MerrillLynchgotlegalprotectionforanassetallocationstrategy.Oneinventorpatentedatechniqueforliftingabox.Nowthenation'stoppatentcourtappearscompleyreadytoscalebackonbusiness-methodpatents,whichhavebeencontroversialeversincetheywerefirstauthorized10yearsago.Inamovethathasinlectual-propertylawyersabuzztheU.S.courtofAppealsforthefederalcircuitsaiditwoulduseaparticularcasetoconductabroadreviewofbusiness-methodpatents.InreBilski,asthecaseisknown,is"averybigdeal",saysDennisD.CrouchoftheUniversityofMissouriSchooloflaw.It"hasthepotentialtoeliminateanentireclassofpatents."Curbsonbusiness-methodclaimswouldbeadramaticabout-face,becauseitwasthefederalcircuititselfthatintroducedsuchpatentswithis1998decisionintheso-calledstateStreetBankcase,approvingapatentonawayofpoolingmutual-fundassets.Thatrulingproducedanexplosioninbusiness-methodpatentfilings,initiallybyemerginginternetcompaniestryingtostakeoutexclusiverightstospecifictypesofonlinetransactions.Later,moveestablishedcompaniesracedtoaddsuchpatentstotheirfiles,ifonlyasadefensivemoveagainstrivalsthatmightbeatthemtothepunch.In2005,IBMnotedinacourtfilingthatithadbeenissuedmorethan300business-methodpatentsdespitethefactthatitquestionedthelegalbasisforgrantingthem.Similarly,someWallStreetinvestmentfiarmedthemselveswithpatentsforfinancialproducts,evenastheytookpositionsincourtcasesopposingthepractice.TheBilskicaseinvolvesaclaimedpatentonamethodforhedgingriskintheenergymarket.TheFederalcircuitissuedanunusualorderstatingthatthecasewouldbeheardbyall12ofthecourt'sjudges,ratherthanatypicalpanelofthree,andthatoneissueitwantstoevaluateiswhetheritshould"reconsider"itsstatestreetBankruling.TheFederalCircuit'sactioncomesinthewakeofaseriesofrecentdecisionsbythesupremeCourtthathasnarrowedthescopeofprotectionsforpatentholders.LastApril,forexamplethejusticessignaledthattoomanypatentswerebeingupheldfor"inventions"thatareobvious.ThejudgesontheFederalcircuitare"reactingtotheanti-patenttrendattheSupremeCourt",saysHaroldC.Wegner,apatentattorneyandprofessoratGeorgeWashingtonUniversityLawSchool.Business-methodpatentshaverecentlyarousedconcernbecauseoftheirlimitedvalueto [B]theirconnectionwithasset[C]thepossiblerestrictionontheir [D]thecontroversyoverWhichofthefollowingistrueoftheBilskiItsrulingcomplieswiththecourt [B]Itinvolvesaverybigbusiness[C]IthasbeendismissedbytheFederal [D]ItmaychangethelegalpracticesintheTheword“about-face”(Line1,Para3)mostprobablymeanslossofgood [B]increaseof [C]changeof [D]enhancementofWelearnfromthelasttwoparagraphsthatbusiness-methodareimmunetolegal [B]areoftenunnecessarily[C]lowertheesteemforpatent [D]increasetheincidenceofWhichofthefollowingwouldbethesubjectofthe[A]Aloomingthreattobusiness-method [B]Protectionforbusiness-methodpatent[C]Alegalcaseregardingbusiness-method [D]Aprevailingtrendagainstbusiness-methodInhisbookTheTipPoint,MalcolmGladwellarguesthatsocialepidemicsaredriveninlargepartbytheactingofatinyminorityofspecialindividuals,oftencalledinfluentials,whoareunusuallyinformed,persuasive,orwell-connected.Theideaisintuitivelycompelling,butitdoesn'texplainhowideasactuallyspread.Thesupposedimportanceofinfluentialsderivesfromaplausiblesoundingbutlargelyuntestedtheorycalledthe"twostepflowofcommunication":Informationflowsfromthemediatotheinfluentialsandfromthemtoeveryoneelse.Marketershaveembracedthetwo-stepflowbecauseitsuggeststhatiftheycanjustfindandinfluencetheinfluentials,thoseselectedpeoplewilldomostoftheworkforthem.Thetheoryalsoseemstoexplainthesuddenandunexpectedpopularityofcertainlooks,brands,orneighborhoods.Inmanysuchcases,acursorysearchforcausesfindsthatsomesmallgroupofpeoplewaswearing,promoting,ordevelowhateveritisbeforeanyoneelsepaidattention.Anecdotalevidenceofthiskindfitsnicelywiththeideathatonlycertainspecialpeoplecandrivetrends.Intheirrecentwork,however,someresearchershavecomeupwiththefindingthatinfluentialshavefarlessimpactonsocialepidemicsthanisgenerallysupposed.Infact,theydon'tseemtoberequiredofall.Theresearchers'argumentstemsfromasimpleobservingaboutsocialinfluence,WiththeexceptionofafewcelebritieslikeOprahWinfrey—whoseoutsizepresenceisprimarilyafunctionofmedia,notinter al,influence—eventhemostinfluentialmembersofapopulationsimplydon'tinteractwiththatmanyothers.Yetitispreciselythesenon-celebrityinfluentialswho,accordingtothetwo-step-flowtheory,aresupposedtodrivesocialepidemics,byinfluencingtheirfriendsandcolleaguesdirectly.Forasocialepidemictooccur,however,each soaffected,musttheninfluencehisorherownacquaintances,whomustinturninfluencetheirs,andsoon;andjusthowmanyotherspayattentiontoeachofthesepeoplehaslittletodowiththeinitialinfluential.Ifpeopleinthenetworkjusttwodegreesremovedfromtheinitialinfluentialproveresistant,forexamplefromtheinitialinfluentialproveresistant,forexamplethecascadeofchangewon'tpropagateveryfaroraffectmanypeople.Buildingonthebasictruthaboutinter alinfluence,theresearchersstudiedthedynamicsofpopulationsbyconductingthousandsofcomputersimulationsofpopulations,manipulatinganumberofvariablesrelatingtopeople’sabilitytoinfluenceothersandtheirtendencytobeinfluenced.Theyfoundthattheprincipalrequirementforwhatiscalled“globalcascades”—thewidespreadpropagationofinfluencethroughnetworks—isthepresencenotofafewinfluentialsbut,rather,ofacriticalmassofeasilyinfluencedpeople.BycitingthebookTheTipPoint,theauthorintendsto[A]yzetheconsequencesofsocialepidemics [B]discussinfluentials’functioninspreadingideas[C]exemplifypeople’sintuitiveresponsetosocialepidemics[D]describetheessentialcharacteristicsofinfluentialsTheauthorsuggeststhatthe“two-step-flowtheory”servesasasolutiontomarketingproblems [B]hashelpedexplaincertainprevalenttrends[C]haswonsupportfrominfluentials [D]requiressolidevidenceforitsvalidityWhattheresearchershaveobservedrecentlyshowsthatthepowerofinfluencegoeswithsocial [B]interallinkscanbeenhancedthroughthe[C]influentialshavemorechannelstoreachthe [D]mostcelebritiesenjoywidemediaTheunderlinedphrase“thesepeople”inParagraph4referstotheoneswhostayoutsidethenetworkofsocial [B]havelittlecontactwiththesourceof[C]areinfluencedandtheninfluence [D]areinfluencedbytheinitialWhatistheessentialelementinthedynamicsofsocialTheeagernesstobe [B]Theimpulsetoinfluence[C]Thereadinesstobe [D]TheinclinationtorelyonBankershavebeenblamingthemselvesfortheirtroublesinpublic.Behindthescenes,theyhavebeentakingaimatsomeoneelse:theaccountingstandard-setters.Theirrules,moanthebanks,haveforcedthemtoreportenormouslosses,andit'sjustnotfair.Theserulessaytheymustvaluesomeassetsatthepriceathirdpartywouldpay,notthepricemanagersandregulatorswouldlikethemtofetch.Unfortunay,banks'lobbyingnowseemstobeworking.Thedetailsmaybeunknowable,buttheindependenceofstandard-setters,essentialtotheproperfunctioningofcapitalmarkets,isbeingcompromised.And,unlessbankscarrytoxicassetsatpricesthatattractbuyers,revivingthebankingsystemwillbedifficult.AfterabruisingencounterwithCongress,America'sFinancialAccountingStandardsBoard(FASB)rushedthroughrulechanges.Thesegavebanksmorefreedomtousemodelstovalueilliquidassetsandmoreflexibilityinrecognizinglossesonlong-termassetsintheir estatement.BobHerz,theFASB'schairman,criedoutagainstthosewho"questionourmotives."Yetbanksharesroseandthechangesenhancewhatonelobbygrouppoliycalls"theuseofjudgmentbyEuropeanministersinstantlydemandedthattheInternationalAccountingStandardsBoard(IASB)dolikewise.TheIASBsaysitdoesnotwanttoactwithoutoverallplanning,butthepressuretofoldwhenitcompletesitreconstructionofruleslaterthisyearisstrong.McCreevy,aEuropeancommissioner,warnedtheIASBthatitdid"notliveinapoliticalvacuum"but"intherealword"andthatEuropecouldyetdevelopdifferentrules.Itwasbanksthatwereonthewrongplanet,withaccountsthatvastlyovervaluedassets.Todaytheyarguethatmarketpricesoverstatelosses,becausetheylargelyreflectthetemporaryilliquidityofmarkets,notthelikelyextentofbaddebts.Thetruthwillnotbeknownforyears.Butbank'ssharestradebelowtheirbookvalue,suggestingthatinvestorsareskeptical.Anddeadmarketspartlyreflecttheparalysisofbankswhichwillnotsellassetsforfearofbookinglosses,yetarereluctanttobuyallthosesupposedbargains.Togetthesystemworkingagain,lossesmustberecognizedanddealtwith.America'snewplantobuyuptoxicassetswillnotworkunlessbanksmarkassetstolevelswhichbuyersfindattractive.Successfulmarketsrequireindependentandevencombativestandard-setters.TheFASBandIASBhavebeenexactlythat,cleaninguprulesonstockoptionsandpensions,forexample,againsthostilityfromspecialinterests.Butbygivingintocriticsnowtheyareinvitingpressuretomakemoreconcessions.Bankerscomplainedthattheywereforcedtofollowunfavorableassetevaluationrules [B]collectpaymentsfromthirdparties[C]cooperatewiththepricemanagers [D]reevaluatesomeoftheirassetsAccordingtotheauthor,therulechangesoftheFASBmayresultinthediminishingroleof [B]therevivalofthebanking[C]thebanks’long-termasset [D]theweakeningofitsAccordingtoParagraph4,McCreevyobjectstotheIASB’sattempttokeepawayfrompolitical [B]evadethepressurefromtheir[C]actontheirowninrule- [D]takegradualmeasuresinTheauthorthinksthebankswere“onthewrongplanet”inthattheymisinterpretedmarketpriceindicators [B]exaggeratedtherealvalueoftheirassets[C]neglectedthelikelyexistenceofbaddebts [D]deniedbookinglossesintheirsaleofassetsTheauthor’sattitudetowardsstandard-settersisoneof ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableparagraphsfromthelistA-Gandfillthemintothenumberedboxesformacoherenttext.ParagraphEhasbeencorrectlyplaced.Thereisoneparagraphwhichdoesnotfitinwiththetext.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Thefirstandmoreimportantistheconsumer'sgrowingpreferenceforeatingout;theconsumptionoffoodanddrinkinplacesotherthanhomeshasrisenfromabout32percentoftotalconsumptionin1995to35percentin2000andisexpectedtoapproach38percentby2005.Thisdevelopmentisboostingwholesaledemandfromthefoodservicesegmentby4to5percentayearacrossEurope,comparedwithgrowthinretaildemandof1to2percent.Meanwhile,astherecessionisloominglarge,peoplearegettinganxious.Theytendtokeepatighterholdontheirpurseandconsidereatingathomearealisticalternative.RetailsalesoffoodanddrinkinEurope'slargestmarketsareatastandstill,leavingEuropeangroceryretailershungryforopportunitiestogrow.Mostleadingretailershavealreadytried merce,withlimitedsuccess,andexpansionabroad.Butalmostallhaveignoredthebig,profitableopportunityintheirownbackyard:thewholesalefoodanddrinktrade,whichappearstobejustthekindofmarketretailersneed.Willsuchvariationsbringaboutachangeintheoverallstructureofthefoodanddrinkmarket?Definiynot.Thefunctioningofthemarketisbasedonflexibletrendsdominatedbypotentialbuyers.Inotherwords,itisuptothebuyer,ratherthantheseller,todecidewhattobuy.Atanyrate,thischangewillultimaybeacclaimedbyanever-growingnumberofbothdomesticandinternationalconsumers,regardlessofhowlongthecurrentconsumerpatternwilltakehold.Allinall,thisclearlyseemstobeamarketinwhichbigretailerscouldprofitablyapplytheirscale,existinginfrastructureandprovenskillsinthemanagementofproductranges,logistics,andmarketinginligence.RetailersthatmastertheintricaciesofwholesalinginEuropemaywellexpecttorakeinsubstantialprofitsthereby.Atleast,thatishowitlooksasawhole.Closerinspectionrevealsimportantdifferencesamongthebiggestnationalmarkets,especiallyintheircustomersegmentsandwholesalestructures,aswellasthecompetitivedynamicsofindividualfoodanddrinkcategories.BigretailersmustunderstandthesedifferencesbeforetheycanidentifythesegmentsofEuropeanwholesalinginwhichtheirparticularabilitiesmightunseatsmallerbutentrenchedcompetitors.NewskillsandunfamiliarbusinessmodelsareneededDespitevariationsindetail,wholesalemarketsinthecountriesthathavebeencloselyexamined—France,Germany,Italy,andSpain—aremadeoutofthesamebuildingblocks.Demandcomesmainlyfromtwosources:independentmom-and-popgrocerystoreswhich,unlikelargeretailchains,aretwosmalltobuystraightfromproducers,andfoodserviceoperatorsthatcatertoconsumerswhentheydon'teatathome.Suchfoodserviceoperatorsrangefromsnackmachinestolargeinstitutionalcateringventures,butmostofthesebusinessesareknowninthetradeas"horeca":hos,restaurants,andcafes.Overall,Europe'swholesalemarketforfoodanddrinkisgrowingatthesamesluggishpaceastheretailmarket,butthefigures,whenaddedtogether,masktwoopposingtrends.Forexample,wholesalefoodanddrinksalescometo$268billioninFrance,Germany,Italy,Spain,andtheUnitedKingdomin2000—morethan40percentofretails ales.Moreover,averageoverallmarginsarehigherinwholesalethaninretail;wholesaledemandfromthefoodservicesectorisgrowingquicklyasmoreEuropeanseatoutmoreoften;andchangesinthecompetitivedynamicsofthisfragmentedindustryareatlastmakingitfeasibleforwholesalerstoconsolidate.However,noneoftheserequirementsshoulddeterlargeretailers(andevensomelargegoodproducersandexistingwholesalers)fromtryingtheirhand,forthosethatmastertheintricaciesofwholesalinginEuropestandtoreapconsiderablePartCReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittencarefullyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)Onebasicweaknessinaconservationsystembasedwhollyoneconomicmotivesisthatmostmembersofthelandcommunityhavenoeconomicvalue.Yetthesecreaturesaremembersofthebioticcommunityand,ifitsstabilitydependsonitsintegrity,theyareentitledtocontinuance.Whenoneofthesenoneconomiccategoriesisthreatenedand,ifwehappentoloveit.Weinvertexcusestogiveiteconomicimportance.Atthebeginningofcenturysongbirdsweresupposedtobedisappearing.(46)Scientistsjumpedtotherescuewithsomedistinctlyshakyevidencetotheeffectthatinsectswouldeatusupifbirdsfailedtocontrolthem.theevidencehadtobeeconomicinordertobevalid.Itispainfultoreadtheseroundaboutaccountstoday.Wehavenolandethicyet,(47)butwehaveatleastdrawnnearthepointofadmittingthatbirdsshouldcontinueasamatterofintrinsicright,regardlessofthepresenceorabsenceofeconomicadvantagetous.Aparallelsituationexistsinrespectofpredatorymammalsandfish-eatingbirds.(48)Timewaswhenbiologistssomewhatoverwordedtheevidencethatthesecreaturespreservethehealthofgamebykillingthephysicallyweak,orthattheypreyonlyon"worthless"species.Somespeciesoftreehavebeenreadoutofthepartybyeconomics-mindedforestersbecausetheygrowtooslowly,orhavetoolowasalevaletopayastimbercrops.(49)InEurope,whereforestryisecologicallymoreadvanced,mercialtreespeciesarerecognizedasmembersofnativeforestcommunity,tobe assuch,withinTosumup:asystemofconservationbasedsolelyoneconomicself-interestishopelesslylopsided.(50)Ittendstoignore,andthuseventuallytoeliminate,manyelementsinthelandcommunitythatlackcommercialvalue,butthatareessentialtoitshealthyfunctioning.Itassumes,falsely,Ithink,thattheeconomicpartsofthebioticclockwillfunctionwithouttheuneconomicparts.SectionⅢWritingPartAYouaresupposedtowriteforthepostgraduateassociationanoticetorecruitvolunteersforaninternationalonglobalization,youshouldconcludethebasicqualificationofapplicantandtheotherinformationyouthinkYoushouldwriteabout100words.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use"postgraduateassociation"PartWriteanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youdescribethedrawingexplainitsintendedmeaning,andgiveyourYoushouldwriteneatlyonANSHWERSHEET2.(202010年招生考试英语（一）答案详SectionIUseof一、文章题材结构分析二、试题解affected【答案】【考点】上下文语义衔接+动词辨析表示“达到，完成”，extract表示“提取；榨出”，restore表示“恢复，使修复”，都与句意不符，只有A选at(endup最终成为/(endwith(endoff【答案】【考点】动词搭配【解析Aend和at不能形成固定搭配；endwith意为“以……告终”，后常接名词或名词词组，比如Lifedoesnotendwithdeath，故排除C；end与off连用时，结构为endsth.off“妥当或顺利地结束某事物”，truthproof；证【答案】【考点】上下文语义衔接+名词辨析【解析】分析句子结构可知，theextremelyinfluentialidea…是对“Hawthorneeffect”的补充说明，可看作其同位语；ideathatideathevery3changedsubject’sbehavior；ofbeingexperimentedupon作本题所填词的定语。根据上下文的语义可知，C为本题正确答现发生变化。其它三项，从语法上都能与ofbeingexperimentedupon连用，但放入空中语义不通，故C为正确【答案】【考点】上下文语义衔接+形容词辨析【答案】【考点】上下文语义衔接+名词辨析【解析】该句的意思是“根据实验报告（描述），……”accountsaccount作名词时，常但只要抓住了theirhourlyoutputrosewhen…butalsowhen…这句话所暗含的“两种情况的对比”，也有助于用排除法【答案】【考点】句间逻辑关系+固定结构【解析】根据第四题的分析得出，该句表达的意思是，“在中做什么并不重要”，因此，使用固定搭配Itdidn’t其它三个干扰选项都能与空前的ItdidnotA、Cwhat从句只能做宾语，这样一来句首的it应该有所指；但在上下文中，找不到能衔接上下文的it所指代的对象，故排除这两项。D项work意为“起作用”时，为不及物动词，但填入后不符合上下文语义，故也排除。所以本题的正确答案为B。asfarasforfearthat；害incasethatsolongas【答案】【考点】上下文语义衔接+固定短语somethingwaschanged和productivityrose之间的逻辑关系即可。SheputsablanketoverthebabyforfearthatheshouldcatchcoldAasfarasAsfarasIknow,itsadvantagesoutweighitsdisadvantages.就我所知，其优势胜过劣势。但是放在空中，语义都不通顺，故D为正确答案。【答案】【考点】复杂句子成分+名词辨析【解析】分析句子结构可知，空后的that从句作空格处所填名词的同位语。也就是说，所填名词表示一个抽象只有A项awareness“意识”符合上下文语义和语境。该句表达的意思是，只要人们自己是实验对象，【答案】【考点】上下文语义衔接+固定搭配【解析】根据上题的分析可知，此处需要一个表示“足够”的词，故本题选C。enough本身虽为简单词汇，但短语beenoughtodosth.“足够做某事”却是常考结构。加上其它三个选项所形成的搭配或近义干扰，本题则需准确理解Bexcessive“过分的，极度的”填入后句意不通。Dabundant“充裕的；丰富的”形成近义干扰，但该词不用aboutoneselfforoneself为自己[Con(【答案】【考点】上下文语义衔接+固定搭配于弄清itself所指代的对象。本题所在的句子是Anawarenessseemedtobeenoughtoalterworker’sbehavioritself.itselfawareness。首先排除Cononeself构成固定搭配；A、B两项代入原文后，句(becomparedto)(beshownto)((beconveyedto)【答案】【考点】动词辨析【解析】空格所在的主语是thesamedata,介词to后面的宾语为：economicysis；在语义上，二者之间的关系理应为“……数据被用于……分析”。联系上下文可知，thesamedata指代前面提到的实验数据。因此本题所在句的大致意思是：几十年后，上述实验的数据用于/接受了计量经济学分析。符合句意的只有CContraryto【答案】【考点】上下文语义衔接+短语辨析与记录中的一些描述相悖，因此需要一个表示转折的连接词。只有AContraryto表示“与……相反”，符合【答案】【考点】上下文语义衔接+名词辨析动宾搭配。只有A项evidence符合要求。【答案】【考点】上下文语义衔接+名词辨析【解析】本题尾段首句，主要总体上对上下文内容的理解。misleading一词既能概括对上文研究结果的看结论，如果选择Amisleading。从语义上看，该项符合语境IncontrastForexampleInconsequenceAsusual【答案】【考点】上下文逻辑衔接+短语辨析体”的关系。首先可排除D，asusual与后面的always。而A表示对比，C表明前后句为“因”与“果”的关系；均不符合题意。故正确答案为B选项。【答案】【考点】上下文逻辑衔接+副词辨析failedtodo)ceasedtodo)startedtodo)continuedtodo)【答案】【考点】上下文语义衔接+动词辨析【答案】【考点】句间逻辑关系+副词辨析续上升一些日子”在意义上发生了转折，故本题的正确选项是however，也就是C选项。(tendedto)choseto)intendedto)【答案】【考点】上下文语义衔接+固定搭配todosth在这里译作“常常……”。填入后该部分的意思为“无论情况如何，工人们常常在每周前几天努力工【答案】【考点】上下文语义衔接+动宾搭配【解析aplateau构成动宾搭配。plateau在此取其“稳定状态”之意。本题所在的句子曾谈到before引出句子的状语before在此意为“在……之前，随后”，其后跟了两个含先后顺序的动名词结构。既然有“接着松懈下来（thenslackingoff）”这一情况出现，说明，在这之前有一个“紧张”的过程，由此可推测20aplateau所要表达的含义。Abreaking(aplateau)“打破一种稳定状态”与句中的diligent在感彩上相，故排除。B项climbing强调的是“艰辛、费力的往上爬”或“（价格）上涨”，用在此也不合适。Csurpassingaplateau)D选项三、全文翻在1924年，国家研究（NRC）派出两名工程师到位于芝加哥附近的一个大型机部件生产SectionIIReadingPart一、文章题材结构分析本文属于文化范畴，是一篇现象解释型文章，摘自《大英百科全书》2007年11月由TerryTeachout二、试题解析文章第一、二段【答案】【考点】推理引申文章的中心：themostfar-reachinghasbeentheinexorabledeclineinthescopeandseriousnessoftheirartscoverage.第二段具体论证以前的报纸关于艺术评论数量很多，所以B项是正确的。A选项说法过于绝对，第一段中的文中并未提到。Dmarvel意思是“大为惊讶（常含赞叹之意）”，表明其实读者是赞同：这些评论可以在报纸上登的。这里的doubt表示怀疑，所以与marvel二战前英国报纸的特点是[A]自由【答案【考点】事实细节意思是：不集中的，散漫的，选项A中“freeunrestricted，所以两个词是同义词，属于同义替换。B项中“casualindetailandatlength“详细C是强干扰项，“elaborate”可以替换原文中的“indetail”，但是“layout”(布局)无中生有，所以本题与原文不相符合。D项中“radical”是“激进的”，无中生有。【答案】【考点】观点态度 的观点“Sofewauthorshavebrainsenoughorliterarygiftenoughtokeeptheirownendupinjournalism,thatIamtemptedtodefine‘journalism’as‘atermofcontemptappliedbywriterswhoarenotreadtowriterswhoare.’”他认为C项