微生物-课件12级03.1章、细菌基本性状

BacterialPhysiologyLactobacillusBacterialChemicalComponentsWater

--75%~90%oftotalweight.

Protein

--50%-80%ofdryweightaccordingbacterialkindsandage.

Sugar

--mainlydistributingincellwallandcapsuleLactobacillus

Lipids

--composedoflipid,fattyacid,wax,etc.

Nucleicacid

--RNAandDNA.Inorganicsalt

--potassium,sodium,calcium,magnesium,phosphorus,etc.LactobacillusBacterialPhysicalCharacteristics

TranslucentbodySmallvolumeandbigsuperficialareaElectrifyphenomenonSemi-permeabilityHighosmoticpressureBacterialNutrition1.NutritionaltypesofbacteriaAutotrophsHeterotrophs最初能源有机物日光还原态无机物化能异养菌光能自养菌化能自养菌通用能源ATPLactobacillus

2.Nutrientrequirements--Water--Nitrogensource--Carbonsource--Minerals--Growthfactors：thatacellmusthaveforgrowthbutcannotsynthesizeitself.Suchasaminoacids,purines,pyrimidines,andvitaminsLactobacillus

3.MechanismofingestionnutrientPassivespread

InitiativetransportABCtransportIon-coupledtransportgrouptranslocation

SpecialtransportLactobacillus

4.Environmentalfactorsaffecting

growthofbacteria

1）Nutrients

2）Hydrogenionconcentration(pH)

3）Temperature

4）OxygenRequirements5）OsmoticpressureLactobacillus

pHAcidophiles（below5.5,lowto3.0）Neutrophiles（6.0to8.0）Alkaliphiles（above8.5,highto10.5）optimumpHofthemostpathogenicbacteriais7.2~7.6Lactobacillus

TemperaturePsychrophilicforms

－－10℃-20℃Mesophilicforms

－－20-40℃(37℃)－－includeallhumanpathogensandopportunists.

Thermophilicforms

－－25-95℃

GasRequirements

LactobacillusAnaerobicprinciplesofAnaerobes1）Don’tutilizenutritionbecauseoflowerredoxpotentialitself2）Donotdegradesomeharmfulsubstancewhichproducedinaerobicenvironment,suchasO2-,H2o2LactobacillusBacterialGrowth1.BacteriamultiplybinaryfissionLactobacillus－－thetimeittakesforapopulationofbacteriatodoubleinnumber－－manycommonbacteria：20~30minGenerationtime代时2.ThegrowthcurveLactobacillusLagphase---aperiodofadaptationLogarithmicphase---havetypicalbiologicalpropertyandhighersensibilitytoexternalfactorStationalphaseDeclinephase--GainbacterialmetaboliteandsporeLactobacillusBacterialMetabolismEnergyMetabolism

MatterMetabolism物质代谢anabolicprocessescatabolicprocesses复杂分子（有机物）简单分子+ATP+[H]分解代谢酶系合成代谢酶系Lactobacillus

EnergyMetabolism

Fermentation（发酵）Respiration（呼吸)

Aerobicrespiration需氧呼吸

Anaerobicrespiration无氧呼吸

Lactobacillus

MetabolicProducts

andBiochemicalTestingCarbohydrateFermentationTestsMethylRedTest(MR)Voges-ProskauerTest(VP)CitrateUtilizationTestIndoleTestHydrogenSulfide(H2S

)ProductionUreaseTest1.CarbohydrateFermentationTests葡萄糖、乳糖、麦芽糖、甘露醇、蔗糖大肠杆菌伤寒杆菌+++--Lactobacillus2.MethylRed(MR)Test葡萄糖→丙酮酸→乙酰甲基甲醇

甲基红-葡萄糖→丙酮酸→

甲酸、乙酸等甲基红+大肠杆菌＋产气杆菌－3.Voges-Proskauer(VP)Test

葡萄糖→丙酮酸→乙酰甲基甲醇

→二乙酰→红色化合物

+

胍基化合物葡萄糖→丙酮酸→甲酸、乙酸等

－大肠杆菌－产气杆菌＋Lactobacillus4.CitrateUtilizationTest利用枸橼酸盐生长+不能利用-大肠杆菌－产气杆菌＋Lactobacillus5.IndoleTest色氨酸→吲哚→玫瑰吲哚

吲哚试剂大肠杆菌＋产气杆菌－Lactobacillus6.HydrogenSulfide(H2S

)Production含硫氨基酸H2SPbS,FeS（黑色）Pb,Fe分解2+2+Lactobacillus7.UreaseTest

IMViC试验：

Indoltest（I）、Methyltest（M）、V-Ptest（V）、Citrateutilizationtest（C）四种试验常用于鉴定肠道杆菌

IMViC试验大肠埃希菌++--产气杆菌--++LactobacillusSyntheticProducts

--Thisisafever-producingsubstancesynthesizedbybacteria.--LPSorprotein--

pyrogenicityandheat-resisting--去除方法：250℃干烤、蒸馏、吸附剂等/制备和使用注射药品过程无菌操作

1.PyrogenLactobacillus2.ToxinsandInvasiveEnzymeExotoxinEndotoxinInvasiveEnzyme3.Antibiotics--ProducedbyfungusandActinomycetesmainly--PolymyxinandBacitracinareproducedbybacteriaLactobacillus3.Bacteriocin--Proteinencodedmainlybyplasmid--Itsactionrangeisstricture--bacterialpartingandepidemiology流行病学；传染病学surveyLactobacillus4.Vitamin--E.coli--VitaminB;VitaminKLactobacillus5.Pigment--PossessingdifferentialsignificanceArtificialCultivationofBacteriaLactobacillusCultureMediumAartificialnutritionmatrixwhichincludesufficientnutrition,suitablepHandasepsisLactobacillusClassificationaccordingto

basicingredients

1.Minimalessentialgrowthmedium2.Enrichmentmedium3.SelectivemediumDifferentialmedium5.AnaerobicmediumClassificationaccordingto

physicalcondition1.liquidmedium

2.solidmedium

3.semisolidmedium

liquidmediumsolidmediumsemisolidmediumLactobacillusPhenomenaofbacterialgrowth

1.Inliquidmedium

沉淀生长

混浊生长

菌膜生长

Lactobacillus2.InSemisolidmedium

3.OnSolidplate

1.Smoothcolony

2.Roughcolony

3.Mucoidcolony

Lactobacillus4.Inslantmedium

LactobacillusPurposesofbacterial

artificialcultivation

医学感染性疾病的病原学诊断细菌学研究生物制品的制备工农业生产基因工程中应用ClassificationofBacteriaLactobacillusBacterialtaxonomyincludingClassification--phenotypicclassification--analyticalclassification--genotypicclassificationNomenclatureIdentification《Bergey’smanual》1994:4category,35group《Bergey’smanual》2004:Archaea:2portalBacteria:24portalClassificationofbacteria界、门、纲、目、科、属(genus)、种(species)、型(type)、株(strain)科有共同血缘关系的属组成科链球菌科属性状相近关系密切的若干种组成一个菌属链球菌属种分类的基本单位，生物学基本相同的成一个种肺炎链球菌型种内的细菌根据某些差异进一步分型或亚种肺炎链球菌3型株对不同来源的同一种的细菌青霉素耐药株Lactobacillus