造船英语(中英对照)

PAGEPAGE137LESSONONEANINTRODUCTIONOFH.D.SHIPYARD(1)H．D．船厂的介绍（1）H.D.Shipyard,situatedontheeasternbankoftheHuangPuRiverinShanghai,isacomprehensiveenterprisespecializedinthemanufactureofocean-goingvesselsaswellasmarinedieselenginesofmediumandlowspeedwithfullcapabilityincasting,forgingandmechanicalprocessing.Twoslipways,withoneforshipsunder40,000tonnageandanotherforshipsunder70,000tonnage,andeightberthsforshipsof5,000Tdwthavebeenconstructedintheyard.Theoutfittingquay,some700metersinlength,iswellequippedwithabout3,600kindsofvariousequipments.Theshipyardisnotedforitshighcomprehensiveproductivityandfacileadaptability. H．D．船厂位于上海黄浦江的东岸，是一个综合性企业，尤其是在远洋轮的建造，和船用中低速柴油机的铸造，锻造和机加工方面具有很强的实力。该船厂建有两个倾斜船台，一个4万吨，另一个7万吨，和八个5千吨水平船台。舾装顺岸式码头，有700米长，装备了大约有3600种不同的设备。该船厂以其高综合生产能力和灵活的适应能力而著名。Uptonow,morethan1,200vesselsofdifferenttypeshavebeencompleted,amongwhichweretheself-designed25,000Tocean-goingbulk-cargocarriersthathavebeenservingtheocean-goingfleetaroundtheworldforyears.Startingfrom1981,ithasacceptedordersfromforeigncustomersforbulk-cargocarriersoftheclassof36,000TdwtwhichwerejointlydesignedwithJapan,anchorhandlingsupplyvesselsforoffshoreservicesofjointdesignwithEnglandwhichtooktheleadintheworldin1980’s,62,000TdwtoiltankersforChile,52,000Tdwtoilstoragetankerswhichactasanoilrefineryatsea,2,700containervesselsofthefuturetypeintheninetiestothedesignofwhichWestGermanymadeherpartofcontribution,andguided-missilefrigatesofself-designwhichhavebeenexportedtotheRoyalThainavyandtheEgyptiannavy. 到目前为止，该船厂已建造完成1200条不同类型的船舶。在这些建造完成的船舶中，有其自行设计的25000吨远洋散装货轮，而且该船已为远洋舰队服役多年。从1981年起，他们接到的定单有：与日本联合设计的36000吨远洋散装货轮；与英格兰联合设计的近海作业的锚操纵工作船(这条船在二十世纪八十年代居于世界领先地位)；为智利建造的62000吨油船；52000吨储油船(可在海上进行原油加工)；西德方面协助设计的，具有九十年代先进水平的未来型2700箱集装箱船；还有自行设计的已在泰国海军和埃及海军服役的导弹护卫舰。H.D.Shipyardhasahistoryofover40yearsinmarinedieselenginemakingwithanindependentproductionsystem.Inadditiontospecifiedtechnologyandproductsofitsown,theyardhassignedlicenseagreementswithSEMTofFranceandB&WCo.ofDenmarktomakePC2-5medium-speeddieselenginesandB&Wlow-speeddieselengines,theactualproductionofwhichtheyardhassuccessfullymadeareality. H．D．船厂有一个独立的柴油机生产系统，生产的船用柴油机已有超过四十年的历史。除了拥有自己的专有技术和产品，还与法国热机协会和丹麦的B&W柴油机公司签约制造PC2-5的中速柴油机，及B&W低速柴油机。并已成功的生产出这些产品。H.D.Shipyardhasatechnicalforceofdistinguishedengineerscoupledwithadvancedtechniquesinscientificresearch.Anengineeringandtechnicalteamofmorethan2,000personsengagedinnewtechnologyresearchandphysical-chemicalexperimentssharestheresponsibilityoftheresearchanddesignofthevesselsanddieselengines.Tomostthedevelopmentofshippingandtheneedofmodernmanagement,theshipyardisequippedwithgeneral-purposeelectroniccomputers,LargeNCdrawinginstrumentsandimportedimagedisplaysystems.Computertechniqueshavebeenappliedanddevelopedeffectivelyinresearch,designandproduction. H．D．船厂的技术力量雄厚，拥有在科学研究领域具有从事高新技术研究能力的工程师。拥有一支超过2000人的技术团队，他们正在进行新技术研究以及理化实验，共同肩负着研究和设计轮船与柴油机的责任。为了造船行业的最大发展和适应现代生产管理的需要，船厂装备了通用的电子计算机，大型的数控绘图仪和进口的图象显示系统。计算机已广泛的应用于船舶的研究，设计，生产，并得到有效的发展。H.D.Shipyardhaspossessedgreatindustrialpotentialitiesandisreadytoservecustomersallovertheword. H．D．船厂已具备了大型工业产品的生产建造能力，并已准备好为来自世界各地的客户服务。NewWordsandExpressionsshipyard(yard) n.船厂shipbuilding n.造船manufacture n.&v.生产，制造ocean-goingvessel 远洋船marinedieselengine 船用柴油机mediumspeed 中速lowspeed 低速casting n.铸造mechanicalprocessing 机加工forging n.锻造slipway n.（倾斜）船台tonnage n.吨位berth n.（水平）船台deadweight(dwt) n.载重量outfitting n.舾装quay n.（顺岸式）码头equipment n.设备comprehensiveproductivity 综合生产能力facileadaptability 灵活的适应能力self-designed a.自行设计的bulk-cargocarrier 散装货轮ocean-goingfleet 远洋船队order n.订单，定货class n.船级anchorhandling 锚操纵supplyvessel 工作船offshoreservice 近海作业jointdesign 联合设计oiltanker 油船oilrefinery 炼油厂oilstoragetanker 储油船containervessel 集装箱船thefuturetype 未来型guided-missilefrigate 导弹护卫舰navy n.海军license n.专利厂SEMTofFrance 法国热机协会B.&W.Co. 丹麦柴油机公司technicalforce 技术力量physical-chemicalexperiment 理化实验shipping n.航运management n.生产管理general-purpose a.通用的electroniccomputer 电子计算机NC,numericalcontrol 数控drawinginstrument 图像显示系统Notes(be)situatedat 位于(be)specializedin 专攻，专门从事aswellas conj.以及withoneforshipsunder40,000tonnage,andanotherforshipsunder70,000tonnage,独立主格，其中one(slipway)和another为逻辑主语beequippedwith 装备有benoted(famous)for 以......闻名amongwhichweretheself-designed25,000Tocean-goingbulk-cargocarriers非限制性定语从句，由于受到的影响，句子到装，其中充当表语foryears 等于bejointlydesignedwith 与......联合设计takethelead 居于领先地位actas 充当，担当makecontributionto 对作出贡献inadditionto 除......之外signanagreementwith 与......签约makesomethingareality 付诸实施(be)coupledwith 与......结合(be)engagedin 从事share(shoulder)theresponsibilityof 肩负......的责任bereadyto 准备好，乐意COSCO 中国远洋公司LESSONTWOANINTRODUCTIONOFH.D.SHOPYARD(2)H．D．船厂的简介（2）Ships船舶H.D.Shipyardiscapableofbuildingnotonlybulk-cargocarriers,passenger-cargovessels,oiltankers,supplyvessels,containervesselsandguided-missilefrigatesbutalsovariouskindsofengineeringvessels,suchasmulti-purposeoceanographicresearchvessels,geo-physicalprospectingvesselsandmarinegeologicalresearchvessels.Thetwooceanographicresearchvessels,Xiangyanghong09andShijian,whichenteredfortheUnitedNations’atmosphericsurveyinthenameofP.R.China,hasaccomplishedtheassignmentwithgreatsuccess.H．D．船厂不仅有能力建造散装货船，客货船，油船，储油船，补给船，集装箱船和导弹护卫舰，而且可以建造各种各样的工程船，例如，象多用途的海洋调查船，地质物理调查船，海洋地质调查船。“向阳红09”和“时间”这两艘海洋调查船，代表中华人民共和国参加了联合国的大气环流调查，并且圆满的完成了任务。Inhulllines,structureandpipingsystem,mathematicalloftingskilliswidelyadopted,andaccurateandeffectivemanagementiscarriedoutinshipbuilding.Steelplatepretreatmentbyshot-blastingandpaintinghasbeenputintoservice.NCcuttingmachineisappliedtoagreatextent.Imported3-rollerbendingmachineand7-rollerplanningmachineandotherlarge-sizeequipmentsincreasetheircapabilityinmechanicalprocessing.船体型线、结构及管系的设计工作，广泛采用了数学放样技术，因此精细有效的生产管理，在船厂得以实现。目前正采用喷丸和涂漆对钢板进行预处理。数控切割机也被广泛的应用。同时，引进了三辊弯机，七辊校平机和其他的大型设备，提高了机加工能力。DieselEngines柴油机H.D.Shipyardcandesignandmakelow-speedmarinedieselenginesofupto30,000BHPandmedium-speedmarinedieselenginesofupto12,000BHP.Theexcellentpowerplantssuppliedbytheyardarenowwidelytakenonfreighters,passenger-cargovessels,oiltankers,containervesselsandavarietyofengineeringvessels.ItisalsoworthmentioningthatinthelastfewyearsH.D.hasbeeninvolvedinland-baseddieselenginemaking.H．D．船厂能够设计生产轴功率最高可达到30000轴马力的低速船用柴油机和轴功率最高可达到12000轴马力的中速船用柴油机。船厂提供的优越的动力装置正被广泛的用在货船，客货船，油船，集装箱船及各种工程船上。另外值得一提的是，在近几年，H.D.船厂开始制造陆用柴油机。H.D.Shipyardhasappliedadvancedtechnology,superiortestingfacilitiesandprecisiontestinginstrumentstothemakingofdieselengines.Withhighcapabilityinforging,castingandmechanicalprocessing,theyutilizetheirownmachiningworkshopsinmakingdieselenginesrangingfromblankforgingandcastingtofinishedproductsofelementsandpartswhichareserializedontheirownefforts.H.D.船厂采用先进的技术，先进的测试设备，精准的测试仪器进行柴油机的制造。他们在锻造，铸造及机加工方面具有很高的能力，他们利用自己的机加工车间就能完成从锻造、铸造毛坯到零部件成品的整个加工过程。AffiliatedFactories附属工厂Apartfromtheshipbuildinganddieselenginemakingsystems,therearethreeaffiliatedfactoriesundertheshipyard,namely,thesteelcastingfactory,thevalveplantandtheelectricalappliancefactory,specializingrespectivelyinthemanufactureofcastingproducts,valvesandmarineelectricalequipments.除了造船、柴油机制造系统外，船厂旗下还有三家附属工厂，即钢铁铸造厂，阀门厂和电器设备厂，他们分别专门从事铸件，阀门和船用电器设备的生产。Technology技术Theshipyardownsatechnicalstaffofover2,000members,amongwhomsome300havewonthetitleofseniorengineersequaltoprofessorsandvice-professorsandmorethan800haveobtainedthetitleofengineersequaltolecturers.And,ashipbuildingtechnologyresearchinstituteanelectroniccomputerinstitute,amarineengineeringresearchinstitute,aweldinglaboratoryaphysical-chemicalexperimentshavebeenestablished.船厂拥有一个超过2000人的技术团体，这其中已经有大约300人获得了高级工程师的职称，有800多人获得了工程师的职称。此外，他还建立了造船工艺研究所，电子计算机中心，造机研究所，焊接实验室，理化中心实验室，计量实验室和其他的技术部门。H.D.Shipyardisindependentlycapableofdesigningvesselsanddieselengines.Itisresourcefulinnewtechnologyresearchandphysical-chemicalexperiments.Furthermore,theyardhasrichpracticalexperiencesintheapplicationofcomputertechniquestoscientificresearchproductionandmanagement.BusinessWiththeirshipssailingacrossthefouroceansandtheirfriendsallovertheworld,theywishforgenuinecooperationanduniversalprogress.Emphasizingonmutualbenefitanddealinginbothexportandimportbusinesstheyarekeeninlearningadvancedforeigntechniquestoensurehighqualityproductsandtopromoteforeigntradeaswellasinternationalcooperation.NewWordsandExpressionspassenger-cargovessel客货船engineeringvessel工程船multi-purposea.多用途的，综合的，oceanographicresearchvessel海洋调查船geo-physicalprospectingvessel地质物理调查船marinegeologicalresearchvessel海洋地质调查船atmosphericsurvey大气环流调查hulllines船体线形structuren.结构pipingsystem管系mathematicalloftingskill数学放样技术managementn.生产管理steelplatepretreatment钢板预处理shot-blastingn.喷丸处理paintingn.涂漆NCcuttingmachine数控切割机3-rollerbendingmachine三辊弯机planningmachine校平机BHP-thebrakehorsepower轴马力powerplants动力装置freightern.货船land-baseda.陆基的testingfacilities测试设备testinginstrument测试仪器machiningn.机加工blankn.毛坯finishedproduct成品elementn.机械零件partn.部件serializevt.使。。。。。。成系列affiliatedfactory附属工厂valven.阀件electricalappliance电器附属设备technicalstaff全体技术人员seniorengineer高级工程师titlen.职称shipbuildingtechnologyresearchinstitute造船工艺研究所marineengineeringresearchinstitute造机研究所weldinglaboratory焊接实验室physical-chemicalexperimentalcenter理化实验室measurementlaboratory计量实验室Notesbecapableof具有。。。。。。的能力enterfor参加theUnitedNations联合国inthenameof以。。。。。。的名义bewidelyadopted广泛采用beputintoservice得到应用Itisalsoworthmentioningthat。。。。。。It为形式主语；that为主从连词，引出主语从句，worth充当表语形容词，其后通常跟宾语beinvolvedin卷入rangefrom从。。。。。。。到。。。。。。；范围为apartfrom除。。。。。。之外namely即，就是，specializein专门制造，专门从事(be)equalto等于beresourcefulin在。。。。。。方面是强有力的withtheirshipssailingacrossfouroceansandtheirfriendsallovertheworld独立主格wishfor需要，渴求dealin经营，做买卖bekeenon喜爱，渴求foreigntrade外贸LESSONTHREEPRINCIALDIMENSIONSIfyouturnupatechnicalspecificationwhichisregardedasthecodeofshipbuilding,youwillalwaysfindthatMainGroup1intheindexisShipGeneral.AndcontentsunderShipGeneralwill,generallyspeakingandinspiteofsomeslightdifferencesamongindividualspecifications,includegeneraldescription,materials,dimensions&tonnage,stability,classification,drawings,supervision,test&trialsdelivery,etc.Butinthislittlepassagewewouldliketoconcentrateontheseakeepingperformancesonly.Performancesofvesselshavemuchtodowithprincipaldimensionsandshipforms.Soitisquitenecessarytodiscusstheprincipaldimensionsandgeometricalcharacteristicsofhullattheverybeginning.1.Elementsofgeometricalcharacteristics.1.1.Threecrosssectionsofhullverticaltooneanother:Themiddlelongitudinalcrosssection—alongitudinalverticalplanealongthecenterlineofshiplengthandasymmetricalplanebetweenportandstarboard.Themidshiptransversecrosssection—atransverseverticalplaneatmidship.Thedesignwaterplane–ahorizontalplanethroughdesignwaterline.1.2.Principaldimensions.Thelengthoverall–themax,horizontaldistancefrombowtostern.ThelengthB.P.–thehorizontaldistancebetweenthetwoperpendiculars,i.e.stemandstern.ThelengthW.L.–thelengthofdesignwaterlineorthelengthoffull-loadwaterline.Thebreadthmoulded–themax,breadthatdesignwaterline.Thedepthmoulded–theverticalheightfromtheuppersurfaceofkeeltothesurfaceofupperdeckwithinthemidshiptransversecrosssection.Draft(draught)–theverticalheightfromtheuppersurfaceofkeeltodesignwaterline.1.3.Coefficientsofshopform.Therearemainlyfourcoefficientsforshipform.Theyarethedesignwaterplanecoefficient,themidshiptransversecrosssectioncoefficient,thedisplacementcoefficient(referredtoasblockcoefficientaswell)andthelongitudinalprismaticcoefficient.Coefficientsofshipformwillhelpyouhaveabetterunderstandingofthehullshapeunderwaterandthevariationalongshiplength,anddirectlyaffectsea-keepingperformancesofvessels.Needlesstosay,achoiceofappropriatecoefficientshastobemadeinthelightofthepurpose,performanceandspeedandthelikeofaship.2.Deadweightanddisplacement2.1.DisplacementDisplacementfallsroughlyintolight-shipdisplacement(light-loaddisplacement)andfull-loaddisplacement.Thelight-shipdisplacementreferstothedisplacementunderwhichashipisloadedwithcrew,crew’spersonalbelongings,spareparts,sparegearsandprovisionsintheabsenceofcargo,fuelandotherconsumablesonboardtheship;whereasthefull-loadonboardofcargo,complement,fuelandsoonhasreachedtothefullestextent.Besides,forwarships,anothertwoconcepts,normaldisplacement,andstandarddisplacementarealsoadoptedfortheweightcalculation.2.2DeadweightItsohappensthatanownerwillbargainwithayardtoaskforasbiggestdeadweightaspossible,because,inasense,deadweightisamatterofmoney.For,yousee,deadweightisthemax,weightofcargoandpersonalashipcancarryundertheconditionoffull-loaddisplacement.Or,inotherwords,deadweightequalstofull-loaddisplacementminusthesumoflight-loaddisplacementandtheweightofconsumablesonboard,suchaswater,oil,etc.Astothevesselvolume,itisputasthetotaltonnageorthenetregisteredtonnage,iscalculatedonthebasisofthetotalvolumeofallcompartmentsandspacesthatcanbeenclosed;whilethenetregisteredtonnageidequaltothetotaltonnageminusthevolumeofthecompartmentsandspacesthatarenotforcargoesorpassengers.NewwordsandExpressionsprincipaldimensions主尺度technicalspecification(spec)技术规格书indexn.索引shipgeneral概况，总体tonnagen.吨位stabilityn.稳性classificationn.船级drawingn.图纸supervisionn.监造test&trials试验与试航deliveryn.交船，交货sea-keepingperformances航海性能geometricalcharacteristics几何特性hulln.船体crosssection剖面，截面verticala.垂直的，直立式的longitudinala.纵向的planen.平面centerlinen.中心线symmetricala.对称的portn.左舷starboardn.右舷midshipn.a.adv.舯部transversea.横向的designwaterplane设计水线面horizontala.水平的，卧式的designwaterline设计水线thelengthoverall全长max.(maximum)a.最大bown.船艏sternn.船艉thelengthB.P.两柱间长perpendicularn.垂线stemn.艏柱thelengthW.L.水线长full-loada.满载的thebreadthmoulded型宽thedepthmoulded型深keeln.龙骨draft(draught)n.吃水freeboardn.干舷coefficientsofshipform船型系数displacementn.排水量blockcoefficient方形系数prismaticcoefficient菱形系数deadweightn.载重量light-shipdisplacement(light-loaddisplacement)轻载排水量full-loaddisplacement满载排水量crewn.（全体）船员spareparts备件sparegears备品cargon.船货consumablesn.消耗品normaldisplacement正常排水量standarddisplacement标准排水量ownern.船东thetotaltonnage总吨位thenetregisteredtonnage净登记吨位compartmentn.分隔舱spacen.舱室complementn.定员Notesturnup翻阅，查找code法典MainGroup1第一大部分index索引，目录generallyspeaking一般来说inspiteof不管，任凭wouldliketo很想，愿意concentrateon集中于havemuchtodowith与。。。有很大关系attheverybeginning从一开始英语中的强调，一般有强调谓语，强调句型和强调词汇三种手段。此处的very即是强调词汇。willhelpyouhaveabetterunderstanding在动词help之后充当宾语或宾语补足语的动词不定式，均可省去不定式的标志“to”needlesstosay不用说fallinto分成onboardtheship在船上underwhichashipisloadedwithcrew…介词+with引出宾语从句tothefullestextent到达最大限度undertheconditionof在。。。条件下inotherwords换句话说sum两数相加之和beputas表达为intheabsenceof缺少，缺乏inasense从某种意义上来说LESSONFOUROTHERSEA-KEEPINGPERFORMANCES(1)Apartfromprincipaldimensions,sea-keepingperformancescoverfloatability,rollandpitch,fastspeed,floodabilityandmaneuverability.FloatabilityOneoftheimportantsea-keepingperformancesisfloatabilitythatindicatestheabilityofvesselfloatingpositivelyonwaterundertheconditionofacertainamountofdeadweight.Whenwedealwithfloatability,wemustfirstbeclearaboutthefollowingtwotechnicalterms,i.e.reservebuoyanceandload-linemark.Thenwhatisthereservebuoyance?Yousee,whenashipissailingatsea,ithastoobtainacertainamountoffreeboard.Thatistosay,togiveyouaconcreteidea,anyvesselistoretainsomevolumeabovewaterforthesakeofextrabuoyancesothatitsdraftisallowedtoincreasewithoutasinkingtragedyunderparticularbutrareconditions,suchastoughseaorseriousfloodingduetohulldamage.Thisextrabuoyanceiscalledreservebuoyance;or,tobeextra,thereservebuoyancewhichismeasuredbyfreeboardreferstothewater-tightvolumeofhullaboveloadline.Inrespectofload-linemark,itdenotesavarietyofthemax:draftsofvesselsindifferentseasonsandatvariednavigatingzones.InChina,ZChasworkedout“TheRulesforLoadLine”StabilityOnemoresea-keepingperformanceisstabilitywhichistheabilitythatvesselswillinclinewhenaffectedbyanexteriorforce,suchaswind,wave,etc,andwillrestoreitsoriginalpositionontheforceremoval.Stabilityis,ofcourse,ofgreatimportancetoshipbuildingsinceitsfailurewillalwaysleadtoheavylossoflife.HistoryhassadlywitnessestragicsinkingofvesselssomanyatimeowingtopoorstabilityVesselinclinationmaybedividedintotrimandheel.Asthemetacenteroftransverseinclinationismuchmoreessentialthanthatoflongitudinalinclination,theemphasisisinvariablylaidonthetransversestabilityanddiscussionsareoftenlimitedtosmallmetacentricangleunder15degrees.Inordertoobtainfinestability,precautionswillnormallybetakenintwodifferentways.Ononehand,gravitycentreistobelowered;ontheother,metacentertoberaised.Thegravitycenteroashipistobecalculatedbymeansofaninclinationtest.Thetestisgenerallytobeperformedincalmwaterandwithlovelyweather.Ifyouhavegotadrydockforthetest,somuchthebetter.FastSpeedAnothersea-keepingperformanceisfastspeedorrapiditywhichdescribestheabilityofashiptogainfasterspeedatlowerconsumptionofpower.Vesselswillbeaffectedmainlybywaterresistanceduringvoyage.Wedonotbotherourbrainaboutairresistancebecauseitisfarsmallerthanwaterresistance.Perhaps,theonlyexceptionishigh-speedboats.Waterresistancestobeencounteredbyashipconsistoffrictionresistance,swirlresistanceandwave-forming(wave-making)resistance.Therearetwowaysraiseshipspeed,namely,tominimizewaterresistanceandtoincreasemainenginepower.Todothis,abulbousbowiswidelyusedinmanytypesofshipsandtheratedhorsepowerofmainenginesisgenerallytobetwotimesasbiggerastheeffectivehorsepowerofships.NewWordsandExpressionfloatabilityn.漂浮性stabilityn.稳性rolln.横摇pitchn.纵摇fastspeed(rapidity)快速性floodabilityn.不沉性maneuverabilityn.操纵性floatingpositively正浮technicalterm技术术语reservebuoyance储备浮力loadlinemark载重线标志roughsea波涛汹涌的海面water-tighta.水密的navigatingzone航区rulesn.规范，规则inclinev.倾斜exteriorforce外力inclinationn.倾斜trimn.纵倾heeln.横倾themetacentreoftransverseinclination横倾稳心themetacentreoflongitudinalinclination纵倾稳心transversestability横稳性smallmetacentreangle小倾角gravitycenter重心inclinationtest倾斜试验drydockn.干船坞high-speedboat高速艇swirlresistance涡流阻力frictionresistance摩擦阻力wave-forming(wave-making)resistance兴波阻力bulbousbow球鼻艏theratedhorsepower额定马力mainengine(ME)主机theeffectivehorsepower有效马力Notesvesselfloatingpositively……vessel为动名词floating之逻辑主语dealwith涉及，处理，应付beclearabout弄清Yousee?（亲切语）你明白吗?togiveyouaconcreteidea插入语，说的具体一点anyvesselistoretain……英语中，be+不定式的结构，有时表达“计划，允诺，应该，命令，预计”等意思forthesakeof为了。。。。。。的缘故tobeexact插入语，确切地说inrespectof就。。。。。。来说somanyatimesomanytimesbelaidon落在belimitedto局限于somuchthebetter这样就更好了botherone’sbrainabout为。。。。。。伤脑筋LESSONFIVEOTHERSEA-KEEPINGPERFORMANCES（2）RollandPitchWhenfloatingonwaterorsailingatsea,vesselswillrollorpitchowingtowavemotionsaswellastheinfluenceofwind,currentandpropeller.Thefatalresultsofexcessiverollandpitchartasfollows:First,theshipupsettingarisingfromexcessiveinclinationduetorollNext,thehullstructuredamage,oreventhehullmightbreakbecauseofsharprollandpitchaswellasthemovementofbulkcargoes.Then,theaffectiononthepropulsionplant,i.e.,theincreaseofwaterresistanceandthereductionofspeedbyreasonofrollandpitch.S