水利水电工程专业英语英文词汇教材

PAGEPAGEiistrainmeter应变计temperaturesensor温度传感器terminalstation集线站其他（Others）checkhole检查孔compartment灌区densemix浓浆foundationuplift基础隆起grouthole灌浆孔instrumenthole仪器孔primary/secondaryandtertiarygroutholes一序、二序、三序灌浆孔spiltspacing加密灌浆孔距wastemix弃浆测量（Survey）测量方法及术语（MethodsandTerms）adjust校正、调整adjustment平差allowance容许误差backsightpoint后视点basicpoint基础点benchmark水准点compass罗盘chainage(stationnumber)桩号chainoftriangulation三角锁check校核、对照controlpoint控制点coordinatepoint坐标点datum基础面datumpoint基准点deviation偏差easilyidentifiablepoint容易识别点error误差firstordertriangulation一等三角测量geodetic大地测量学的geodeticsurveying大地测量jointsurvey联合测量knownpoint已知点levelsurface水准面localtriangulationnetworks局部三角网nationalcoordinationsystem国家坐标网observe观测、监视pointtobelocated待定点position定位、位置reconnaissance选点、踏勘referencepoint参考点secondordertriangulation二等三角测量setout放线、放样stake-line测桩线stateplanecoordinatesystem国家平面坐标系surveypoint测点theoreticalpoint理论点traverse(polygon)导线（测量）、横断erroroftraverse导线闭合差latticetraverse网格状导线longsidetraverse长导线opentraverse非闭合导线shortsidetraverse短导线traverseclosure导线闭合traversestation导线点traversesurvey导线测量triangulation三角测量triangulationnetwork三角网triangulationofhighorder高等级三角网triangulationpoint三角点trilateration三边测量vertical-controlnet高程控制网woodpile木桩角度测量（AngularMeasure）azimuth方位角bearing方位、象限角buddle气泡、水准器circle度盘、圆盘circularbubble圆水准器collimationaxis视准轴cross-line(cross-hair)十字丝depressionangle俯角elevationangle仰角eyepiece(ocular)目镜fieldpole(staff)标杆foot-screw脚螺栓horizontalangle水平角mark标志（明）objectivelens物镜plumb(plummet)铅垂、垂线sight瞄准、观测target目标、瞄准theodolite经纬仪tranverseaxis横轴tripod三脚架verticalangle竖直角verticalaxis竖轴望远镜（Telescope）centering对中faceleft盘左faceright盘右focus集中、焦点focusing调焦indexerror指标误差invertedpositionoftelescope(reversetelescope)倒镜、盘右normalpositionoftelescope(directtelescope)正镜、盘右opticalplummet光学垂准器round测回set套、组station测站距离测量（DistanceMeasure）barometer气压计baseline(basicline/datumline)基线battery电池EDM(electromagneticdistancemeasurement)电磁波测距filter滤光片、滤波器laseralignmentsystem激光准直系统laserbeam激光束prism棱镜range测程、距离longrange远程mediumrange中程shortrange短程rangefinder测距仪signal信号springbalance弹簧称tape卷尺invartape铟瓦钢卷尺高程测量（HeightMeasurement）altitude/elevation高程、海拔approximateleveling近似置平、粗平automaticlevel自动定平水准仪differenceinaltitude(differenceofelevation,heightdifference)高差errorofclosureinleveling水准闭合差exactleveling精平、确置平level水准仪（测点）levelcircuit水准闭合环levelshoe水准尺垫lineoflevel水准线路nationalgeodeticverticaldatum国家大地高程基准面reducedlevel归化高差runback返测runout往测three-wireleveling三丝法水准测量地形测量（TopographicSurvey）boundary边界、界线constructionstake施工标桩contour等高线contourinterval等高距contouring绘等高线contour-lengthmethod等高线延长法contourline等高线controlnetwork控制网detail细部、详图draw绘图field外业fix固定、确定formline地形图grid格网information注记、资料、情报marginalinformation轮廓注记large-scale大比例尺的latitude纬度、范围latitudecircle纬圈latitudeline纬线legend图例location定线、定位longitude经度longitudeline经线map地图、制图mapping制图、测图、地质素描matchline拼接线monument标石、石柱object地物、目标plan平面图、略图plot绘图profile断面（图）、纵剖图record记录、资料setup定置仪器sitelocation定位stakeout放样、定线、立桩symbol符号、记号topographicdetail地形细部topographicmap地形图◆原形观测观测仪器和设施{InstrumentationandFacilities）air-entrainingmeter掺气剂Carlson-typepiezometer卡尔逊式渗压计concretestrainmeter砼应变计convergentpoint收敛测点directplumbline正垂线earthpressurecell土压力盒embankmentpiezometer坝体渗压计embankmentstrainmeter堤应变计extendedwire引张线foundationpiezometer基础渗压计horizontalinclinometer水平测斜仪hydraulicinstrument水力学仪器hydrophone水听器inclinometercasing测斜管interfacejointmeter界面变位计invertedplumbline倒垂线micropiezometer微压计multiplepositionextensometer多点位移计observationpoint观测标点observationwell观测井opticalalignmentline视准线platestrainmeter钢板计pneumaticpiezometer气压式渗压计pressurefluctuationmeter脉动压力计prestressedtendonanchoragedynamometer预应力锚索测力计rockboltextensometer锚杆测力计singlepointextensometer单点位移计spiralsensor测扭仪standpipe测压管strong-motionseismogragh强震仪surfacemonument表面标点temperaturesensor温度传感器terminalhouse终端房terminalstation终端站tiltmeter倾角计timeaveragepressurecell时均压力计totalpressurecell总压力盒velometer流速计verticalinclinometer垂直测斜仪vibratingwirepiezometer震旋式渗压计vibratingwiresettlementsensor振旋式沉降仪weirwithmicropiezometer带微压计的量水堰workingbasepoint工作基点zerostress-strainmeter砼无应力计附件及配件（AcessoriesandSpareParts）coil盘绕component零部件coordinator坐标仪dampingbox阻尼角differentialresistance差动电阻doublelayerrubbersleeve双层保护forcedcenteringplate强制对中盘instrumentlead仪器电缆invarwire铟瓦丝metalring金属环plumbcoordinatemeter垂线坐标仪pulley滑轮regulator调节器riser立管sensor传感器spool绕轴steelsocket钢底座tablet药片tensioningweight张拉重锤thermistor热敏电阻tip测头安装过程（ProcessionofInstallation）assemble组装couple连接embed埋设install安装insulate绝缘maintenance维护monitor监测protectionofinstrumentation仪器保护reduce归纳seal密封splice拼接supply提供test测试资料（Information）assembleschematic装配简图certificate合格证书description使用说明书maintenaceguideline维护指南manual说明书operatingprinciple工作原理operatingrestraint操作范围procedure程序troubleshootingprocedure鼓掌分析程序其他（Others）annularspace环行空间dataacquisition数据采集datarecording数据记录leasdrillinghole引线孔permanentrecord永久记录readoutdevice读数设备saturated饱和的seepageisolationdike截渗堤trapezoidal梯形◆水工常规试验砼原材料试验（TestofRawandProcessedMaterialofConcrete）骨料（Aggregate）abrasionvolumebyLosAngelesrattler洛杉机磨耗量accumulatedretainedpercentage累计筛余百分率acicularandflakygraininaggregate针状与片状颗粒含量alkali-aggregatereaction碱骨料反应apparentdensity视密度bulkdensity(unityweight)容重claylumpsandfriableparticlesinaggregate黏土块及易碎颗粒含量coefficientofsoftening软化系数crushindex压碎指标drystate干燥状态exceedingandinferiorgraininaggregate超逊径颗粒含量finenessmodulus细度模数gapingplacerate空隙率graderretainedpercentage分计筛余百分率graincomposition颗粒级配grainsize粒径lightweightmatterinaggregate轻物质含量micacontent云母含量moisturecontent(waterrate)含水率mudcontent含泥量organiccontent有机质含量potentialreactivityofaggregate骨料潜在活性saturation饱和的sievingcurve筛分曲线softgraininaggregate软弱骨料含量soundness坚固性surfacemoisturecontent表面含水率water-solublesulphide水溶性硫化物水硬性胶凝材料(Hydraulicitycementitiousmaterial)age龄期cementmark(strengthofcement/cementgrade)水泥标号consumptiveuseofwaternormalconsistance标准稠度用水量degreeofmobilization流动性dissolutionheat(solutionheat)溶解热finalset终凝flexuralstrength抗弯强度flyash粉煤灰hydrationheat水化热initialset初凝lossonignition(ignitionloss)烧矢量settingtime凝结时间silicafume硅粉soundness水泥的安定性specificsurfacearea比表面积specificheat比热waterdemandratio吸水量比外加剂（Admixture）bubblestability泡沫稳定性bubblingability起泡能力chloridecontent氯化物含量compressivestrengthrate抗压强度比contractwithdryrate干缩率dispersingcoefficient分散系数dispersingabilityofwater-reducingagent减水剂分散能力lossofslump塌落度损失sulphatecontent硫酸盐含量solidcontent固体含量surfacetension表面张力water-reducingrate减水率水（Water）alkalinity碱度calcion钙离子carbonicacid钙酸chlorion氯离子equivalentconcentration当量浓度oxygenconsumption耗氧量normalsolution(standardsolution)标准溶液PHvaluePH值wateranalysis水值分析砼（Concrete）砼拌和物（Mixture）assurancestrengthofconcrete砼保证强度bleedingrate泌水率cement-sandration灰砂比designstrengthofconcrete砼设计标号flowabilityofconcrete砼的流动性mixproportion(proportionofmixture)砼配合比mixtureuniformity拌和物的均匀性penetration-obstructionmethod贯入阻力法probabilityofensuringstrengthofconcrete砼强度保证率sandrate砂率unitconsumptionofwater单位用水量waterretention(waterretentiveness)保水性water-cementratio水灰比硬化砼（Hardenedconcrete）axialtensilestrength轴向抗拉强度coefficientofthermalconductivity导热系数coolingrate冷却率coreofconcrete砼芯样creepdeformation(timedeformation)徐变变形formcoefficient(formfactor)形状系数freezing-meltingcirculation冻融循环frost-resistancemark抗冻标号heatpropertyofconcrete砼热学性能height-diameterration高径比linearexpansioncoefficient线膨胀系数lossofweight重量损失naturalfrequency自振频率permeate渗透permeatedheight渗透高度permeated-resistingmark抗渗标号relativecoefficientofpermeability相对渗透系数resonancefrequency共振频率sample试件self-grownvolumedeformation（砼）自生体积变形splittingtensilestrength劈裂抗拉强度staticcompressivemodulusofelasticity静力抗压弹数temperatureconductivity导温系数tensilemodulusofelasticity抗拉弹性模量thermalinsulationwarming绝热温升ultimatetensilestrain极限拉应变ultimatetensilestrength极限抗拉强度wearrate磨损率wear-resistingstrength抗冲磨强度砂浆（Cement）cementlimemortar水泥石灰砂浆cementmortar水泥砂浆cement-claymortar水泥黏土砂浆epoxymortar环氧砂浆limemortar石灰砂浆plasteringmortar抹面砂浆pointingjointmortar勾缝砂浆土（Soil）accumulationcurve(cumulativecurve)累计曲线activityindex活性指标angleoffriction摩擦角Atterberglimits(watercontentaslimit)阿太堡界限（界限含水量）Californiabearingratio载重比coarse-grainedsoil粗粒土coefficientofcompressibility压缩系数coefficientofcubicalcompressibility体积压缩系数coefficientofcurvature曲率系数compression压缩compressionindex压缩指数compressionmodulus压缩模数consolidated-undrained(quick)sheartest固结不排水剪（固结快剪）试验consolidated-drained(slow)sheartest固结不排水剪（慢剪）试验consolidation固结consolidationcoefficient固结系数consolidationsettlement固结沉降consolidationstress固结应力continuousgrading/gradation连接级配contractiontest(shrinkagetest)收缩试验corecuttermethod环刀法creepcurve蠕变曲线criticalslope逸出坡降（临界坡降）Darcy'slaw达西定律degreeofconsolidation固结度degreeoffreeswelling自由膨胀率directsheartest直接剪切试验directsheartestofreiteration反复直剪强度试验distributioncurve分布曲线driftsoil(shiftingsoil/massflow)流土effectiveangleofinnerfriction有效内摩擦角effectivestrengthenvelope有效强度包线expansionforce膨胀力expansionration(specificexpansion)膨胀率filteringflow(seepageflow)渗流fine-grainedsoil细粒土flownet(driftnet)流网hydraulicslope水力坡降hydrometermethod比重计法hydrostaticheadmethod常水头法limitequilibriumstate极限平衡状态liquefaction液化liquidlimit液限liquidityindex液化指标maximumdrydensity最大干密度methodofsieving筛分法Mohr'sstresscircle莫力应力圆Mohr-coulombfailurecriteria莫尔-库伦破坏准则normalstress法向应力（正应力）oedometercurve压缩曲线optimummoisturecontent最优含水量piping管涌plasticlimit塑限plasticityindex塑性指标porewaterpressure空隙水压力porosity空隙率principalstress主应力Proctorcompactiontest普氏击实试验relativedensity相对密度sandreplacementmethod灌砂法saturability(saturationdegree/percentsaturation)饱和度saturatedunitweight饱和容重seepagedeformation渗透变形seepageforce(seepagepressure)渗透力seepageline渗透线seepagespeed渗透速度shearstress切向应力（剪应力）shrinkagelimit缩限skip(gap/jump)grading间断级配specificgravityofsoilparticle土粒比重steadyseepagefield稳定渗流场stresspath应力路径totalstrengthenvelope总强度包线triaxialcompressiontest三轴压缩试验unconfinedcompressionstrength无侧限抗压强度unconsolidatedundrainedtest不固结不排水剪（快剪）试验variableheadmethod变水头法void(pore)ratio孔隙比waterreplacementmethod灌水法wetdensity湿密度其它建筑材料钢筋（steel）bendingandunbending反复弯曲coldbendingtest冷弯试验elongationtest拉伸试验nominaldiameter公称直径ratioofelongation伸长率relaxationtest松弛试验steelstrand钢绞线tensileyieldstrength拉伸屈服强度ultimatetensilestrength极限抗拉强度木材（Wood）curshingstrengthparalledtothegrain顺纹抗压强度tensilestrengthparalledtothegrain顺纹抗拉强度crushingstrengthacrossthegrain横纹抗压强度tensilestrengthacrosstothegrain横纹抗拉强度沥青（Asphalt）brittletemperaturetest脆化点试验expansiontest延伸度试验penetrationtest针入式试验softeningpointtest软化点试验testofaging老化试验viscositytest粘滞性试验质量管理（QualityManagement）average平均值deviationstandard(errorofmeansquares)均方差deviationcoefficient(dispersioncoefficient)离差系数indexofcorrelation相关系数managementlimit管理界限mathematicstatistics数理统计maximum最大值minimum最小值normaldistribution正态分布qualityassurance质量保证qualityexamination质量检测regressioncurve回归曲线relativedampness相对湿度samplecapacity样本容量samplingfrequency取样频率specimen样品statisticalanalysis统计分析technicalspecification技术规范technicalstandard技术标准testingcircumstance试验环境testingerror试验误差testingregulation试验规程varianceanalysis方差分析◆地质(Geology)地质年代（GeochronologyofGeologicAges）Archaeozoicera(erathem)太古代（界）Proterozoicera(erathem)元古代（界）Palaeozoicera(erathem)古生代（界）Mesozoicera(erathem)中生代（界）Cenozoicera(erathem)新生代（界）Sinianperiod(system)震旦纪（系）Cambrianperiod(system)寒武纪（系）Ordovicianperiod(system)奥陶纪（系）Silurianperiod(system)志留纪（系）Devonianperiod(system)泥盘纪（系）Carboniferousperiod(system)石碳纪（系）Permianperiod(system)二叠纪（系）Triassicperiod(system)三叠纪（系）Jurassicperiod(system)侏罗纪（系）Cretaceousperiod(system)白垩纪（系）Tertiaryperiod(system)第三纪（系）Quaternaryperiod(system)第四纪（系）地质构造（GeologicStructural）fault断层normalfault正断层reversedfault逆断层parallelfault平移断层gouge断层泥stria擦痕joint节理primaryjoint原生节理secondaryjoint次生节理tensionjoint张节理unloadingjoint卸荷节理schistosity片理bedding层理foliation板理（叶理）ripplemark波痕mudcrack泥痕rainprint雨痕orientationofbedrock岩层产状strike走向dip倾向angleofdip(dipangle)倾角fold褶皱anticline背斜syncline向斜Monocline(homocline)单斜dome穹隆softstratum软弱岩层zoneoffracture(brokenzone)破碎带affectedzone影响带platystructure板状构造cleavage解理fracture(rupture)断裂fissure(crack/fracture)裂隙岩石类型（Rocktype）petrology岩石学igneousrock火成岩magmaticrock岩浆岩lava(vocanicrock)火山岩intrusive(invade)rock侵入岩effusiverock深成岩pypabussalrock浅成岩acidrock酸性岩inter-mediaterock中性岩basicrock基性岩ultrabasicrock超基性岩granite花岗岩porphyry斑岩rhyolite玢岩syenite流纹岩trachyte粗面岩diorite闪长岩andesite安山岩gabbro辉长岩basalt玄武岩aplite细晶岩pegmatite伟晶岩lamprophyre煌斑岩diabase辉绿岩dunite橄榄岩pumice浮岩sedimentaryrock沉积岩clasticrock碎屑岩clayrock黏土岩chemicalrock化学岩biolith生物岩conglomerate砾岩siltstone粉砂岩mudstone泥岩shale页岩salinerock盐岩limestone石灰岩dolomite白云岩marl泥灰岩volcanicbreccia火山角砾岩volcanicagglomerate火山块集岩tuff凝灰岩metamorphicrock变质岩slate板岩phyllite千枚岩schist片岩gneiss片麻岩quartzite石英岩marble大理岩mylonite糜棱岩migmatite混合岩cataclasite碎裂岩sediment(deposit)沉积物（层）boulder漂石、顽石cobble卵石gravel砾石sand砂siltstone粉土clay黏土sandyclay砂质黏土clayeysand粘质砂土sandyloam壤土、亚黏土regolith(topsoil)浮土、表土loess黄土laterite红土peat泥炭ooze软泥、海泥造岩矿物（Rock-formingMinerals）talc滑石gypsum石膏calcite方解石fluorite萤石apatite磷灰石feldspar长石quartz石英topaz黄玉corundum刚玉diamand金刚石orthoclase正长石plagloclase斜长石biotite黑云母muscovite白云母amphibole角闪石phroxene辉石olivine橄榄石dolomite白云石kaolinite高岭石montmorillonite蒙脱石bentonite斑脱石、膨润土illite伊力石garnet石榴子石chlorite绿泥石serpentine蛇纹石pyrite黄铁矿hematite赤铁矿magnetite磁铁矿limonite褐铁矿工程地质（EngineeringGeology）Geotechnics(geotechnique)土工学（土工技术、岩石工程）rockmechanics岩石力学soilmechanics土力学geomechanics地质力学、岩石力学engineeringgeologicalconditons工程地质条件engineeringgeologicalproblem工程地质问题rockmassstructure岩体结构geographicandgeomorphicconditions地形地貌条件geophysicalphenomenon物理地质现象hydrogeologicalconditions水文地质条件naturalmaterials天然材料reservoir水库settlement沉降displacement位移deformation变形tectonicstress构造应力residualstress残余应力angleofinternalfriction内摩擦角cohesion内聚力（粘聚力、凝聚力）pressuretunnel压力隧洞undergroundcavern/cavity地下洞室overburden覆盖物bedrock(baserock/foundationrock)基岩firm/soundrock坚硬岩石weak/softrock软弱岩石interbed夹层zoneoffracture(brokenzones)破碎带homogeneity均质性nonhomogeneity/heterogeneity非均质性isotropy各向同性anisotropy各向异性矿物质的物理性质(PhysicalCharacterofMinerals)hardness硬度luster光泽color颜色transparencey/pellucidity透明度streak条痕rent/fracture断口crystalform晶形岩石学(Petrology)classification分类structure构造应力texture结构fabric组构mineralcomposition矿物组成crystalline结晶质amorphoussubstance非晶质fossil化石degreeofrounding磨圆度degreeofgrains粒度地层地貌(StratumandPhysiognomy)basin盆地rivervalley河谷riverbed河床topography地形terrain地势attitude产状rockbase(batholite)岩基rockstock岩株rockflow岩流rockloccolith岩盖rocklopolith岩盆rockdike岩墙rocksill岩床veindyke岩脉sediment(deposit)沉积物（层）alluvium冲积物（层）proluvium(diluvium)洪积物（层）deluvium坡积物（层）eluvium残积物（层）eoliandeposit风积物（层）lakedeposit湖积物（层）marinedeposit海积物（层）glacial(drift)deposit冰川沉积物（层）colluvialdeposit(colluvium)崩积物（层）cross-bedding交错层geologicstructure地质构造geotectonics大地构造学graben地堑horst地垒cordance(conformity)整合discordance(unconformity)非整合deceptivecordance/conformity假整合地质作用(PhysicalGeologyAction)weathering风化erosion侵蚀transportation搬运deposition/sediment沉积denudation剥蚀corrasion磨蚀corrosion腐蚀dissolution溶蚀landslide滑坡collapse(rockfall)崩塌mudflow泥石流earthquake地震intensity烈度magnitude震级◆水文(Hydrology)groundwater(subsurfacewater)地下水surfacewater地表水atmosphericwater大气水runoff径流fresh/plain/sweetwater淡水riverflow/discharge河水流量peakfloodflow洪峰流量floodoutflow洪水下泄流量dryseason枯水季wetseason丰水季flood(raining)season汛期non-floodseason非汛期5%frequencyflood20年一遇洪水floodcontrol防汛（二）工程施工.机电类◆金属结构（Hydromechanicalwork)闸门(Gate)servicegate工作门emergencygate事故门maintenancegate检修门sectorgate弧形闸门eccentrichingesectorgate偏心铰闸门planegate平面闸门fixedwheelplanegate定轮平面闸门trashrack拦污栅trashrake清污机预埋件（EmbeddedParts）sill底砍mainguide主轨auxiliaryguide副轨reverseguide反轨sideguide侧轨lintel门楣steelliner钢衬highpressurewaterpipe高压冲水管pressurebalancewaterpipe冲水水平管组件/部件（Assembly/parts）gateleaf门叶crank拐臂arm支撑seal水封mainseal主水封sideseal侧水封topseal顶水封bottomseal底水封auxiliaryseal辅助水封、节流器clipplate压板slideblock滑块sideslideblock侧向滑块reverseslideblock反向滑块fixedwheel定轮mainwheel主轮sidewheel侧轮ballast配重liftingear吊耳liftinglink拉杆trunion支饺hinge铰链hingedsupport饺座hingedshaft铰轴cover端盖trunionbeam支饺梁doggingbeam锁定梁启闭机（Hoist）wireropehoist固定卷扬式启闭机hydraulichoist液压启闭机monorailhoist单轨启闭机overheadcrane桥机bridgecrane桥机supportframe机架reducer减速器motor电动机pulley滑轮livepulley动滑轮fixedpulley定滑轮equalizerpulley平衡滑轮drum卷筒steelwirerope钢丝绳positionsensor高度传感器loadsensor荷载传感器brake制动器hydraulicsystem液压系统oilcylinder油缸pistonrod活塞杆pumpstation泵站oiltank邮箱pipe管道filter过滤器accumulator蓄能器valve阀logicvalve逻辑阀checkvalve单向阀ballvalve球阀cartridgevalve插装阀solenoidoperateddirectionalvalve电磁换向阀门式起重机（GrantryCrane）rail轨道liftingmechanism起升机构travelingmechanism运行机构inspectiontrolley检修小车gantry门架supportcolumn门腿primarybeam主梁bridgebeam横梁crossbeam端梁sidebeam边梁liftingbeam起吊梁hook吊狗buffer缓冲装置railclampingdevice夹轨器drivingwheel主动轮drivenwheel从动轮其他（Others）abnormalvibration反常震动activate激活anti-clockwise逆时针anticorrosion防腐carryon继续进行carryout执行clockwise顺时针commissioning试运行concentricitydeviation同心度偏差connect连接debris碎片de-energize断电detect探测drytest无水试验dynamicloadingtest动载试验energize给……加电erection架立expansion伸展fasten扣紧fit安装flowingwater动水gateclosure闭门gateopening启门gatepositionrestoration门位恢复idletest空载试验impact碰撞inpressurebalancecondition平压条件下lift……intoposition将……起吊到位locate定位lower降下manualoperation手动操作noise噪声note记录operatinggap运作空隙pack衬垫particle微粒perform执行positionaccurately精确定位precise精确的pre-set预留/预置pressbutton按下按钮progressively逐渐地purity纯度push推reliable可靠的residualoil余油retraction回缩run运行secure保护separatelyorsimultaneously单独/同时地setup架设setting设置/读数shim薄垫片slack松弛staticloadingtest静载试验stillwater静水switchoff切断synchronize同步tighten拧紧underwaterheadcondition水压作用条件下wettest有水试验◆焊接和无损检验（WeldingandNondestructiveTesting）焊接{Welding）arcstrike引弧/弧伤arcwelding电弧焊automaticwelding自动焊backgouging背面清根backing垫板basemetal母材build-upwelding堆焊/补焊buttjoint对接接头carbonrode碳棒completefusion完全融合cornerjoint角接接头coveredelectrode涂料焊条coupon试件directcurrentelectrodenegative(DCEN)直流电极接负directcurrentelectrodepositive(DCEP)直流电极接正doublewelding双面焊double-bevelgrooveweld双斜边坡口焊缝double-Jgrooveweld双面J型坡口焊缝double-Ugrooveweld双面U型坡口焊缝double-Veegrooveweld双面V型坡口焊缝electrode焊条/电极electrodeholder焊钳electrosgaswelding电气焊electroslagwelding电渣焊fillermetal填充金属filletweld角焊缝fullfilletweld大填角焊缝flatwelding平焊flux焊剂fluxcoredarcwelding药芯焊丝弧焊forehandwelding左焊法frictionwelding摩擦焊fullpenetrationweld全融透焊缝fusion熔合fusionline熔合线grooveweld坡口焊缝heataffecterzone热影响区horizontalwelding横焊lapjoint搭接接头machinewelding机器焊manualwelding手工焊overheadwelding仰焊oxyfuelgascutting(OFC)氧燃料气割oxyfuelgaswelding(OFW)氧燃料气焊partialpenetrationweld非全融透焊缝pass焊道peening锤击plasmaarcwelding等离子弧焊plugweld塞焊porosity气孔postheating后热postweldheattreatment焊后热处理preheating预热resistancewelding电阻焊sealweld密封焊缝seamwelding缝焊semi-automaticwelding半自动焊single-bevelgrooveweld单斜边坡口焊缝single-Jgrooveweld单面J型坡口焊缝single-Ugrooveweld单面U型坡口焊缝single-Veegrooveweld单面V型坡口焊缝slaginclusion夹渣spotwelding点焊squaregrooveweld直坡口焊缝submergedarcwelding埋弧焊tackwelding定位焊undercut咬边verticalwelding立焊weldhead焊道weldment焊件无损检验（NondestructiveTesting）angledbeam斜射波backscatter背散射calibrationblock校准试块cleaningagent清洗剂contactbeam接触波couplaut偶合剂crimp褶皱definition清晰度delayedsweep延时扫描detergent去污剂developer显像剂double-wallviewing双壁透照echo回波eddycurrentexamination涡流检验emulsifier乳化剂examinationmedium检验介质exposure暴光inagequalityindicator象质显示器inspector检验师liquidpenetrantstesting渗液检验magneticparticletesting磁粉检验massspectrometer质普仪nondestructiveinspection无损探伤penetrameter透度计penetrant渗透剂radiographictesting射线检验scan扫描scratch划痕searchunit探头single-wallviewing单壁透照sniffer嗅探器straightbeam直射波streak条纹ultrasonicinstrument超声仪ultrasonictesting超声波检验visualtesting目测、外观检验wheelsearchunit轮式探头X-raymachineX-射线仪◆水轮机（HydraulicTurbine）hydraulicturbine水轮机reactionturbine反击式水轮机impulseturbine冲击式水轮机francisturbine混流式水轮机axialturbine轴流式水轮机prototypeturbine原型水轮机ratedhead额定水头effectivehead有效水头nethead净水头maximalhead最大水头minimalhead最小水头spiralcase蜗壳stayring座环wicketgate导叶mainshaft主轴shaftseal主轴密封couplingflange连接法兰runner转轮runnercrown转轮上冠runnerband转轮下环runnercone转轮泄水锥runnerblade/bucket转轮叶片headcover顶盖bottomring底环dischargering基础环drafttube尾水管drafttubecone尾水锥管drafttubeelbow尾水肘管governor调速器governorcubicle/cabinet调速器柜oilpressuretank/vessel压力油罐oilsumptank回油箱gatering控制环distributor导水机构shearpin剪断销ringgate筒形阀servomotor接力器efficiency效率output出力discharge流量siradmissionsystem补气系统vortex涡流检验specialtool专用工具auxiliaryequipment辅助设备damper/absorber/cushion减震器、阴尼器runout摆度waterhammer水击guidebearing导轴承operationcondition运行工况opening开度cavitation空蚀erosionresistantcoating抗磨涂层load负荷inertia惯性flywheeleffect飞轮效应timeconstant时间常数mandoor进入门pitliner机坑里衬elasticlayer弹性垫层turbinepit机坑feedback反馈maindistributingvalve主配压阀solenoid线圈relay继电器transferfunction传递函数◆机械通用词汇abrasionperformance耐磨性abrasiontest磨耗试验accessory附件、配件、零件accuracy准确性、精度anti-corrosion抗蚀balancetest平衡试验bearing轴承bearingbox轴承箱bearingbush轴瓦、轴套bearingcarrier轴承座bearingcollar轴承环、推力头bearingcover轴承盖bearingjournal轴颈bend弯头bendradius弯曲半径bendingstrength抗弯强度bolt螺栓bore钻孔boremachine镗床brakevalve制动阀by-pass旁通callipers卡尺cardanshaft万向轴cast铸造characteristictest特性试验chock楔子、垫块clamp卡头、夹板clearingoffault故障排除clip夹具、钳coat涂层correctionvalue矫正值cottorpin开口销couplingflange联结法兰dampingdevice缓冲装置deflection挠度density密度derusting除锈descale除垢deviation偏差dial刻度盘dialgauge千分尺distort变形dowelpin(setpin)定位销eccentriccam偏心凸轮eccentricpin偏心销eccentricity偏心、偏心率、偏心度elasticbearing弹性轴承elasticdeformation弹性变形elasticlimit弹性极限facility设备、设施factoryassembly工厂装配fashionediron型钢feedpipe供水管femaleend内止口fieldwelding现场焊缝finish表面光洁度、精加工fittingallowance装配公差fittingassembling零件装配fittingface配合面flange法兰flatness平整度flaw缺陷flexibility挠性、柔性forge锻造foundation基础friction摩擦gauge规、计、表gear齿轮globevalve球阀grade等级hardness硬度heattreatment热处理interface分界面、接触面、接口joint接头、接缝、连接、焊接jointface结合面、接缝面lubricant润滑剂、润滑材料lubricationcircuit润滑管道lubricationoil润滑油machine机加工machinetool机床maleend外止口monkeywrench活动扳手nail钉子nipple管接头nut螺母o-ringO形环operatingcondition运行情况pretreatment预处理process流程、工艺screwcap螺帽spigot套管、止口stroke行程valve阀门verticality垂直度washer垫圈wedge楔子板◆电气设备及元器件（ElectricalEquipment&ElementParts）generator发电机motor电动机3-phasesquirrel-cageasynchronousmotor三相鼠笼式电动机3-phasewindasynchronous三相绕线式电动机motorarmature电枢brush电刷coil线圈、绕组energizingcoil励磁线圈stator定子statorcore定子铁芯statorwinding定子绕组rotator转子transformer变压器isolatingtransformer隔离变压器mutualinductor互感器currenttransformer(CT)电流互感器potentialtransformer(PT)电压互感器high-voltageequipment高压电器breaker断路器isolatingswitch隔离开关bushing套管insulator绝缘子suspendedinsulator悬式绝缘子column-typeinsulator支柱绝缘子reactor电抗器capacitor电容器lightningrod避雷针（器）low-voltageelectricappliance低压电器knifeswitch刀开关fuse熔断器automaticswitch自动开关contactor接触器contact触点constantclosecontact常闭触点constantopencontact常开触点starter启动器overtravel-limitswitch行程开关changeoverswitch转换开关controller控制器resistor电阻器lightresistor光敏电阻varistor变阻器electromagnet电磁铁bus母线barebusbar裸母线cable电缆powercable电力电缆controlcable控制电缆armoredcable铠装电缆cab-typecable橡皮绝缘软电缆cableclamp电缆夹cableconnector电缆接头cablecore电缆芯cabledrum电缆卷筒cablehanger电缆挂钩cablerack电缆架cableterminalend电缆终端Hcable屏蔽电缆barewire裸线ammeter电流表ohmmeter欧姆表voltmeter电压表kilowatt-hourmeter电度表megger兆欧表relay继电器overcurrentrelay过流继电器undercurrentrelay欠流继电器timerelay(timer)时间继电器thermalrelay热继电器shortdownrelay断路继电器battery蓄电池batterycharger蓄电池充电器pannel盘屏swithboard配电盘distributingcabinet分线（配电）盒wiringterminal接线端子terminalblock接线板、接线盒illuminator照明lamp灯lightningdistributionbox(board)照明配电箱screwsocket螺口灯头fluorescencelamp日光灯buld灯泡socket插座grounding接地groundingresistance接地电阻groundingswitch接地开关groundconnector接地体galvanizedflatsteel镀锌扁钢groundwire接地线workinggrounding工作接地protectiongrounding保护接地others其他masterswitch主令开关inductioncoil感应线圈magneticcoil电磁线圈stabilizator稳压器bell电铃IPC共控机localcontrolunit(LCU)现地控制单元programmablelogiccontroller(PLC)可编程控制器programmer编程器motorvalve电动阀electromagneticvalve电磁阀◆电气通用词汇alternationcurrent(AC)交流电allowedvalue容许值ampere安培automaticoperation自动操作bridge电桥cablingdiagram电缆连接图capacityofstoragebattery蓄电池容量charging充电chargingcurrent充电电流close闭合constantclosecontact常闭触点constantopencontact常开触点controlcircuit控制电路currentintensity电流强度directcurrent(DC)直流电de-energise(deenergize)切断、断电dynamictest动态试验electricarc电弧electricleakage漏电flashtest高压闪络试验generatoractivepower发电机有功功率generatorefficiency发电机效率generatorreactivepower发电机无功功率input输入（量）insulatingcoating绝缘涂层insulationgrade绝缘等级insulationtest绝缘试验interlocker(interlocking)联锁装置kilowatt-hour千瓦小时、度leakageprotection漏电保护line-to-lineshortcircuit线间短路malfunction误动作manualoperation手动操作megohm兆欧mis-operation误操作ohm欧姆outlet引出线、电源插座outletbox引出盒、接线盒outletline输出线路output输出量overcurrentprotection电流过载保护parallelcircuit并联电路powerfactor功率因数powersupply电源primarycircuit一次电路ratedcurrent额定电流ratedvoltage额定电压rechargingcurrent充电电流release释放（机构、线圈）、断开remotecontrol远控secondarycircuit二次电路secondarycoil二次绕组secondarywinding二次线圈seriescircuit串联电路shielding屏蔽short-circuit短路simulationtest模拟试验sparkover绝缘击穿statictest静态试验switching-in合闸、接通（入）switching–off断开（路）、开闸、掉闸threephaseciruit三相电路three-phasefour-wiresystem三相四线制transientcurrent瞬时电流transientvoltage瞬时电压volt伏（特）voltage电压wiringscheme接线图withstandvoltagetest耐压试验◆计算机监控系统（ComputerSupervisoryandControlSystem）A/Dconverter模数变换器analogcontrolloop模拟控制回路automatic-restoration自