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外刊精读世界著名景点为控制游客数量出新招导读:随着旅游大众化,国际旅游人数不断增加,世界各地的著名景点变得越来越拥挤。限制参观人数,对游客收取城市税、占用税……本期“外刊精读”介绍各国著名景点应对游客潮所采取的相应措施,以保护这些历史名胜和必看景点。一、语篇泛读Iloveholidays!There’snothingbetterthan
jettingoff
toaforeigndestinationtovisitthe
attractions
ithasonoffer.Ofcourse,I’mnotalone.Millionsofpeoplearedoingthesame,andwhynot?Theworldhasanamazingvarietyof
must-seesights,from
breathtaking
naturalscenerytoimpressiveoldcities.Buttheproblemisthattoomanyofusarevisitingthematthesametime,puttingpressureonthesedelicateand
ancient
places.That’swhyanumberof
beautyspots
and
historicsites
havebeenintroducing
charges
or
restrictions
onthetouristswhovisit.Therearemanyreasonsforthis:toreduce
overcrowding,whichcanspoiltheambienceofaplace,tomanage
wearandtear
onoldcrumblingbuildings,totidyupthemessthatvisitorsleavebehind,or–assomemaysuggest–creating
touristtraps
tomakemoremoneyoutofthevisitors.ThefamousItaliancityofVenicewithits
picturesque
canalshas,forexample,introducedanentryfeeofupto€10for
short-stay
tourists.Venetianshavelongcomplainedthat
masstourism
isswampingthecity.Now,passengersarrivingbycruiseshipwillhavetopaya‘landingtax’whichMayorLuigiBrugnarosays,“wouldgeneratemuch-neededincometokeepthecityclean.”ManycitiesinEuropealreadychargean
occupancytax
ontouristswhostayinhotelsandguesthouses.IntheUK,Edinburghishopingtodothesame,controversiallymakingitthefirstcityinthecountrytodoso.This
levy,thatisusuallychargedperpersonpernightof
accommodation,raisesmoneytohelpprotecttheenvironment,payfor
infrastructure,orpromotetourism.InItaly’scapitalcity,Rome,newlawsarebeingintroducedtoclampdownonbadtouristbehavior,whichsomeargueisspoilingthelookandfeelofthecity.Rulesincludebanningdrinkingwaterfromfountainsandattaching‘lovepadlocks’tobridges.
Asmoreofuscannowaffordtotravel,touristdestinationsaregoingtogetbusier,somaybenewlawsandtaxesaregoingtobeanecessarypartofthe
sightseeing
experience.二、词汇表jetoff乘飞机旅行attraction景点must-seesight必看景点breathtaking美得惊人的ancient古老的beautyspot美景historicsite古迹charge收费restriction限制overcrowding过度拥挤wearandtear损耗,消耗touristtrap旅游陷阱picturesque图画般的,美丽的short-stay只在某处短暂停留的masstourism大众旅游landingtax入境税(乘船进入威尼斯的游客需交纳的税费)occupancytax占用税levy税款accommodation住宿infrastructure基础设施lovepadlock同心锁sightseeing观光,游览三、测试与练习
阅读课文并回答问题。1.Accordingtothearticle,whatiscausingdamagetodelicateandancientplaces?2.Whowillhavetopaythenew‘landingtax’whenvisitingVenice?3.Trueorfalse?
EdinburghwillsoonbetheonlycityinEuropetochargeataxonpeoplestayinginhotels
andguesthouses.4.Whatcanyounolongerdowith‘lovepadlocks’inRome?5.Whichwordinthearticlemeans‘characterandatmosphereofaplace’?请在不参考课文的情况下完成下列练习。选择一个意思合适的单词填入句子的空格处。1.Weclimbedupaveryhighmountainandtheviewsfromthetopwere_______.pictures
breathtaking
beautyspots
sightseeing2.Ican’twaituntilSaturdaywhenweare
_______totheCaribbean–twoweeksonthebeachandnowork!jetoff
jetsoff
jettingoff
offjetting3.The
_______wasn’tgreat,whichmadetravellingaroundthecountryhardwork.must-seesights
sightseeing
infrastructure
tourism4.Ourholidaywasn’tgreat.Thetownwestayedinhadbeenspoiledby_______
–ithadnoauthenticlocalcharacter.masstourism
massedtourism
masstourist
masstouring5.Forsome,NiagaraFallsisa
_______whenonholidayintheUSA.beautyspot
historicsite
sightseeing
must-seesight参考答案
阅读课文并回答问题。
1.Accordingtothearticle,whatiscausingdamagetodelicateandancientplaces?Thelargenumberoftouristsis
puttingpressureonthesedelicateandancientplaces.2.WhichvisitorstoVenicewillhavetopaythenew‘landingtax’?Passengersarrivingbycruiseshipwillnowhavetopaya‘landingtax’.3.Trueorfalse?
EdinburghwillsoonbetheonlycityinEuropetochargeataxonpeoplestayinginhotelsandguesthouses.False.EdinburghwillbethefirstplaceintheUKtointroduceanoccupancytax.4.
Whatcanyounolongerdowith‘lovepadlocks’inRome?Newlawsbanattaching‘lovepadlocks’tobridgesinRome.5.Whichwordinthearticlemeans‘characterandatmosphereofaplace’?Ambience.“
Toreduceovercrowdingwhichcanspoiltheambienceofaplace.”
请在不参考课文的情况下完成下列练习。选择一个意思合适的单词填入句子的空格处。1.Weclimbedupaveryhighmountainandtheviewsfromthetopwere
breathtaking.2.Ican’twaituntilSaturdaywhenweare
jettingoff
totheCaribbean–twoweeksonthebeachandnowork!3.The
infrastructure
wasn’tgreat,whichmadetravellingaroundthecountryhardwork.4.Ourholidaywasn’tgreat.Thetownwestayedinhadbeenspoiledby
masstourism
–ithadnoauthenticlocalcharacter.5.Forsome,NiagaraFallsisa
must-seesight
whenonholidayintheUSA.谁还在吸烟?导读:研究发现,尽管有大量的警示告诫人们吸烟有害健康,目前全球十分之一的死亡是由吸烟导致。作为解决可预防疾病健康诱因措施的一部分,目前,英国政府承诺到2030年在英格兰全面停止吸烟。但为什么有些人还在吸烟呢?“外刊精读”讨论这背后的原因,以及帮助人们戒烟的举措。一、语篇泛读IfyouwalkedintoacafeorpubintheUKafewyearsago,chanceswereyou’denteraroomfilledwith
cigarettesmoke.The
aroma
ofburning
tobacco
lingeredonyourclothesfortherestofdayandyourhealthtookabatteringfrom
passivesmoking.It’snowonderthatinmanycountriessmokinginpublicplaceshasnowbeenbanned,andthosewhochoosetodoithavetoinhaleonthepavementsoutside.Lawsrestrictingwherepeoplecan
lightup
andrepeatedhealthwarningshaveseenmanypeople
quitthehabit.Butdespiteadeclineinsmokingratesworldwide,areportpublishedinthemedicaljournalTheLancetin2017foundthatsmokingcausesoneintendeathsworldwide,halfoftheminjustfourcountries-China,India,theUSandRussia.Whenpopulationgrowthistakenintoaccount,thereisactuallyanincreaseintheoverallnumberof
smokers.Sowhy-despitethe
warningsigns
-arethesepeoplestilldoingit?Muchofitseemstobeconnectedtopeople’scultural,economicandsocialbackground.IntheUK,forexample,theOfficeforNationalStatisticsfoundthatpeoplelivingonalowincomearedisproportionatelylikelytosmoke.Andoneinfourmanualworkerssmokes,comparedwithoneintenofthoseinprofessionalormanagerialjobs.Dr.LeonieBrosefromKing'sCollegeLondon,writingaboutthisfortheBBC,saysthereare“startling”regionalvariationswithmanymorepregnantwomensmokingindeprivedareas.Andpeoplewithmentalhealthproblemsare“50%morelikelytosmokethantherestofthepopulation”.Shesuggeststhesegroupscanhavehigherlevelsofdependence,makingitharder
togiveup
andarealsomorelikelytobearoundothersmokers,makingitseemlikenormalbehavior.
Increasingthepriceofcigarettesandmaking
packaging
plaineraretwowaystodiscouragesmoking;andlower-risk
nicotinepatches
and
e-cigarettes
areavailableasanalternative,thoughtheycanbejustas
addictive.It’sobvioussomethingneedstobedoneandrecentlytheUKgovernmentpledgedtoendsmokinginEnglandby2030aspartofarangeofmeasurestotacklethecausesof
preventable
illhealth.ButasDrLeonieBrosewrites,“withmorethan200deathsinEnglandperday[causedbysmoking-relateddiseases,]that’stheequivalenttoaplanecrashingeveryday.”Imaginewhatthenumbermustbeglobally.二、词汇表cigarettesmoke香烟的烟雾
aroma(烟草的)气味
tobacco烟草
passivesmoking被动吸烟
inhale吸入(烟)
lightup点烟
quitthehabit戒除恶习
smoker吸烟者
warningsign警告,告诫
togiveup戒掉……
packaging包装
nicotinepatch(贴在皮肤上帮助戒烟的)尼古丁贴片
e-cigarette电子烟
addictive使人上瘾的
preventable可预防的三、测试与练习
阅读课文并回答问题。1.What,ingeneral,haspersuadedpeopletostopsmoking?2.Accordingtoresearch,whointheUKismorelikelytosmoke?3.Trueorfalse?
Plainerpackagingmakescigarettesmoreexpensive.4.WhymightsmokingbetotallybannedinEnglandby2030?5.WhichwordusedbyDrLeonieBrosemeans‘verysurprisingandworrying’?
请在不参考课文的情况下完成下列练习。选择一个意思合适的单词填入句子的空格处。1.WhenIvisitmylocalcafe,Ilovetobreathinthe_______offreshlybrewedcoffee.inhale
tobacco
aroma
addictive2.Mydoctorhastoldmetoloseweight,soIhavedecidedto_______eatingbiscuits.givingup
giveup
givenup
gaveup3.It’snotfair!Iseemtohave_______moreworktodothanmycolleagues.disproportionately
disproportion
disproportioned
disproportioning4.Someexpertssaythepowerindustry’s_______oncoalneedstochangetohelpclimatechange.preventable
addictive
disproportionately
dependence5.Oneofourinvestorsmissedthe_______andlostallhismoneybyinvestingitonthestockmarket.warnedsigns
warningsigns
warnsigns
warningsign参考答案阅读课文并回答问题。1.What,ingeneral,haspersuadedpeopletostopsmoking?Lawsrestrictingwherepeoplecansmokeandrepeatedhealthwarningshave
seen
manypeoplequitthehabit.2.Accordingtoresearch,whointheUKismorelikelytosmoke?TheOfficeforNationalStatisticsfoundthatpeoplelivingonalowincomearedisproportionatelylikelytosmoke.3.Trueorfalse?
Plainer
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