长难句翻译括号法课件

一个老外在新加坡清明节晚上的遭遇Lastnight,afterdinner,Iwastakingawalkontheroad.WhenIwalkedpastaconvenientstoreIthoughtofgoingintobuysomething.ThenIrealisedthatIdidn'thavemoneywithme.SoIphonedmyfamilytobringsomemoneytome.Whilewaitingformymoney,Isawanoldmanburningjosspaperbytheroadside.Iwenttohaveachatwithhim."Whatareyoudoinghere"Iaskedhim"Imsendingmoneytomyfamily"hesaidThenheaskedme,"Whatareyoudoinghere?"Imwaitingformyfamilytosendmoneytome.Onhearingthis,hisfaceturnedpaleandheranawayquickly.Ishoutedtohim,"Hey,don'trunI'mjustwaitingformyfamilytosendmoneytome!''Suddenly,allthepeopleburningjosspapernearbyalsoranaway.一个老外在新加坡清明节晚上的遭遇回忆三种基本句子类型长难句的类型及分析方法长难句分析在高考阅读中的演练学习目标学习目标句子种类

简单句

并列句

复合句句子种类简单句并列句复合句一、简单句：（五种基本句型）asimplesentence二、并列句：acoordinatesentence(常见的并列连词有以下这些：)Hewasill,sohewaslateforthemeeting.Welovepeacebutwearenotafraidofwar.Shegotupearly,yetshefailedtobethereontime.Hurryup,andyouwon’tbelate.Hurryup,or/otherwiseyouwillbelate.NotonlywashehimselfinterestedinEnglish,but(also)hisclassmatesalsoshowedinterestinit.NeitherdoIknowhisaddress,nordomyparents.Hisfatheristhinwhilehismotherisveryfat.Iwasabouttoleavewhenthetelephonerang.Itmusthaverainedlastnight,forthegroundiswet.一、简单句：（五种基本句型）asimplesentenc三、复合句：acompound

sentenceTheyplantedsometreeswhichdidn’tneedmuchwater.

Thathewasalwayslatemadehisteacherangry.

Hesaid(that)hewasreallytiredandthathewantedtogobackhomedirectlyafterwork.That’sexactlywhatIamplanningtodo.Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.Althoughwehavegrownup,ourparentsstilltreatusaschildren.三、复合句：acompoundsentence句子判断简单句并列句复合句主干并列连词从属连词句子判断简单句并列句复合句主干并列连词从属连词SchoolsacrossChinaareexpectedtohire50,000collegegraduatesthisyearasshort-termteachers,almostthreetimesthenumberhiredlastyear,tohelpreduceunemploymentpressures.(2009江苏)

介词短语时间状语介词短语同位语非谓语带有较多修饰成分的简单句非谓语Schoolsareexpectedtohire50,000collegegraduates英语句子=主干+修饰语SchoolsacrossChinaaree英语句子=主干+修饰语主干是整个句子的骨架，主要指主谓宾或主系表。修饰成分在句中只起修饰或补充主干的作用，它既可以是词，也可以是短语，更常见的是从句，尤其是定语从句和状语从句。（三长两短一并列）我们应将每个修饰成分划出来，找出句子的主干，这样整个句子结构就清晰了，就容易翻译了。

英语句子=主干+修饰语修饰成分：三长两短一并列IamLuJia.Iloveyou.这两句话中只有“主干成分”而没有“修饰成分”。在加上修饰成分后:IamLu

JiafromXinzhengNumberoneHighSchool.Iloveyouwithallmyheart.从例子中可以看出，修饰成分在中英文中出现的位置是不一样的。而当一个句子中有很多个修饰成分时，该句子就会变得很长，不易理解。修饰成分：三长两短一并列IamLuJia.1.“三长”(1)介词短语【定义】从介词开始到名词结束、表达一个独立的完整的含义的结构。【起止标识】标记介词短语时，要从介词开始到介词之后的第一个名词终止。如：athome、intheschool、inthebeautifulpark、duringmyhappychildhood、overthelastfewyears、forthreeweeks【例句】1.“三长”(1)介词短语【例句】AfterchattingwithLu

Jiaonthismatterfortwohoursfrom2:00to4:00intheafternoon,Ireturnedtomyclass.(Afterchatting)(withLu

Jia)(onthismatter)(fortwohours)(from2:00)(to4:00)(intheafternoon),Ireturned(tomyclass).介词短语正是让英语句子变得又长又难的原因之一！【例句】1.“三长”(2)从句【定义】从句是复合句【起止标识】标记从句时，一定从关系词开始，到以下四种终止。

①到句尾终止，如：Mr.Xueisateacher(whoteachesMath).

②到句中的逗号终止，如：(WhenIwasyoung),Ilistenedtotheradio.

③到下一个修饰成分终止，如：Mr.WanginvitedHanDongwei(whoisanexcellentteacher)toourschool.

④到下一个谓语动词终止，如HanDongwei(whoisanexcellentteacher)oncestudiedinShanDong.1.“三长”(2)从句1.“三长”(3)非谓语动词短语【定义】todo;doing;done非谓语动词不能独立作谓语，而是充当句子的其他成分。【起止标识】标记非谓语动词短语时，一定是从动词不定式(todo)、动名词(doing)或分词(现在分词doing或过去分词done)开头，到以下四种情况终止。①到句尾终止，如：MissZhaoisateacher(teachingEnglish).②到句中的逗号终止，如：(ToimprovemyEnglish),IoftenlistentotheEnglishradio.③到下一个修饰成分终止，如：Kevinwalkedintothehall,(waving)totheaudience.(totheaudience是介词短语，属于另一修饰成分。)④到下一个谓语动词终止，如：We,(singingahappysong),rodetoschool.1.“三长”(3)非谓语动词短语2.“两短”(1)形容词【定义】形容词是指用来修饰名词的单词，往往带有-ous、-y、-ful、-able等后缀。【常见位置】

①一般置于名词之前，如abeautifulpark。

②修饰不定代词(something、anything、nothing、somebody、anybody、nobody)时置于不定代词之后，如“一些有趣的事”应译为somethinginteresting。2.“两短”(1)形容词2.“两短”(2)副词【定义】副词用来修饰形容词、动词等词，往往带有-ly等后缀。【常见位置】英语中，副词的用法比形容词灵活得多。

①可置于整句之前，如：Unfortunately,hefailedtomakeit.

②可置于整句之后，如：Theteachergreetshisstudentsindividually.

③可置于“助动词、系动词、情态动词之后，实义动词之前”，如：2.“两短”(2)副词Theprincesslooksextremelybeautifultoday.(系动词之后)Heimmediatelysawtheblackcat.(实义动词之前)Hehasundoubtedlyfalleninlovewiththeprincess.(助动词之后，实义动词之前)Hecanhardlyspeakanything.(情态动词之后，实义动词之前)

④可置于形容词或副词之前，如：Thereisanextremelybeautifulgardeninourcampus.Theprincesslooksextremelyb3.平行并列结构【定义】并行并列结构是指由并列词将两个或两个以上含义相似、结构相同的并列项连接起来构成的结构。【标记方法】给平行并列结构做标记的要求是：给并列词加方框，给并列项加下划线。标记时要先找到并列词，然后再找并列项。在标注形如AandB的平行并列结构时，应先找B(即右并列项)后找A(即左并列项)。由于英语中的修饰成分往往置于中心词之后，所以A和B两个并列项后面可能各自带有很长的尾巴，形成“A…andB…”的形式，导致A离and相对较远，不易辨认，而B通常离and很近，容易识别。找到B之后，利用A和B结构相同、含义相似的原则，很容易将A确定出来。3.平行并列结构【定义】并行并列结构是指由并列词将两个或两【常见并列关系】①名词并列：Iliketheboxplacedonthedeskand

theflowersinyourhand.②形容词并列：Mr.Smithisakind,patientandknowledgeableEnglishteacher.③副词并列：Youaresupposedtoanswerthefollowingquestionsquicklyandaccurately.④谓语动词并列：WiththeInternet,peoplecannotonlyplaycomputergamesbutalsodoonlineshopping.【常见并列关系】①名词并列：Ilikethebox【常见并列关系】①名词并列：Iliketheboxplacedonthedeskand

theflowersinyourhand.②形容词并列：Mr.Smithisakind,patientandknowledgeableEnglishteacher.③副词并列：Youaresupposedtoanswerthefollowingquestionsquicklyandaccurately.④谓语动词并列：WiththeInternet,peoplecannotonlyplaycomputergamesbutalsodoonlineshopping.【常见并列关系】①名词并列：Ilikethebox⑤介词短语并列：Andthatgovernmentofthepeople,bythepeopleandforthepeopleshallnotperishfromtheearth.⑥从句并列：I’vefinishedreadingthebook(whichiswrittenbyMoYan)and(whichyoulentmelastmonth).⑦非谓语动词并列：Singingandlaughing,weheadedtothepark.⑧整句并列：Thechildrencangowithusortheycanstayathome.⑤介词短语并列：Andthatgovernmento括号法Step1:做标记做标记时应按照上文中的方法，给“三长”加括号，给并列词加方框，给并列项划下划线。【例句】KevinisateacherteachingEnglishinBeijingwhichisthecapitalofChina.这个句子做完标记后为：Kevinisateacher(teachingEnglish)(inBeijing)(whichisthecapital)(ofChina).括号法Step1:做标记Step2:做直译经过Step1的标记之后，句中的修饰成分都被我们用括号标注了出来，剩下的就是主干部分，我们在翻译句子时，可利用每个括号里的第一个单词，以“提问和回答”的方式将一个个的括号连接起来。如上面的例句：Kevinisateacher(teachingEnglish)(inBeijing)(whichisthecapital)(ofChina).翻译时可先处理为：凯文是个老师。教什么的?教英语。在哪儿教?在北京。哪个北京?是那个首都。谁的首都?中国的首都。这样整个句子的意思就一目了然了。Step2:做直译Step3:调语序我们将Step2中得到的“译文”再按照中文表达习惯进行一些调整，最终得到了一句地道的中文译文：“凯文是个在中国的首都北京教英语的老师。”或者“凯文是个老师，在中国的首都北京教英语。”Step3:调语序

长难句之实战演练篇长难句之一个老外在新加坡清明节晚上的遭遇Lastnight,afterdinner,Iwastakingawalkontheroad.WhenIwalkedpastaconvenientstoreIthoughtofgoingintobuysomething.ThenIrealisedthatIdidn'thavemoneywithme.SoIphonedmyfamilytobringsomemoneytome.Whilewaitingformymoney,Isawanoldmanburningjosspaperbytheroadside.Iwenttohaveachatwithhim."Whatareyoudoinghere"Iaskedhim"Imsendingmoneytomyfamily"hesaidThenheaskedme,"Whatareyoudoinghere?"Imwaitingformyfamilytosendmoneytome.Onhearingthis,hisfaceturnedpaleandheranawayquickly.Ishoutedtohim,"Hey,don'trunI'mjustwaitingformyfamilytosendmoneytome!''Suddenly,allthepeopleburningjosspapernearbyalsoranaway.一个老外在新加坡清明节晚上的遭遇回忆三种基本句子类型长难句的类型及分析方法长难句分析在高考阅读中的演练学习目标学习目标句子种类

简单句

并列句

复合句句子种类简单句并列句复合句一、简单句：（五种基本句型）asimplesentence二、并列句：acoordinatesentence(常见的并列连词有以下这些：)Hewasill,sohewaslateforthemeeting.Welovepeacebutwearenotafraidofwar.Shegotupearly,yetshefailedtobethereontime.Hurryup,andyouwon’tbelate.Hurryup,or/otherwiseyouwillbelate.NotonlywashehimselfinterestedinEnglish,but(also)hisclassmatesalsoshowedinterestinit.NeitherdoIknowhisaddress,nordomyparents.Hisfatheristhinwhilehismotherisveryfat.Iwasabouttoleavewhenthetelephonerang.Itmusthaverainedlastnight,forthegroundiswet.一、简单句：（五种基本句型）asimplesentenc三、复合句：acompound

sentenceTheyplantedsometreeswhichdidn’tneedmuchwater.

Thathewasalwayslatemadehisteacherangry.

Hesaid(that)hewasreallytiredandthathewantedtogobackhomedirectlyafterwork.That’sexactlywhatIamplanningtodo.Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.Althoughwehavegrownup,ourparentsstilltreatusaschildren.三、复合句：acompoundsentence句子判断简单句并列句复合句主干并列连词从属连词句子判断简单句并列句复合句主干并列连词从属连词SchoolsacrossChinaareexpectedtohire50,000collegegraduatesthisyearasshort-termteachers,almostthreetimesthenumberhiredlastyear,tohelpreduceunemploymentpressures.(2009江苏)

介词短语时间状语介词短语同位语非谓语带有较多修饰成分的简单句非谓语Schoolsareexpectedtohire50,000collegegraduates英语句子=主干+修饰语SchoolsacrossChinaaree英语句子=主干+修饰语主干是整个句子的骨架，主要指主谓宾或主系表。修饰成分在句中只起修饰或补充主干的作用，它既可以是词，也可以是短语，更常见的是从句，尤其是定语从句和状语从句。（三长两短一并列）我们应将每个修饰成分划出来，找出句子的主干，这样整个句子结构就清晰了，就容易翻译了。

英语句子=主干+修饰语修饰成分：三长两短一并列IamLuJia.Iloveyou.这两句话中只有“主干成分”而没有“修饰成分”。在加上修饰成分后:IamLu

JiafromXinzhengNumberoneHighSchool.Iloveyouwithallmyheart.从例子中可以看出，修饰成分在中英文中出现的位置是不一样的。而当一个句子中有很多个修饰成分时，该句子就会变得很长，不易理解。修饰成分：三长两短一并列IamLuJia.1.“三长”(1)介词短语【定义】从介词开始到名词结束、表达一个独立的完整的含义的结构。【起止标识】标记介词短语时，要从介词开始到介词之后的第一个名词终止。如：athome、intheschool、inthebeautifulpark、duringmyhappychildhood、overthelastfewyears、forthreeweeks【例句】1.“三长”(1)介词短语【例句】AfterchattingwithLu

Jiaonthismatterfortwohoursfrom2:00to4:00intheafternoon,Ireturnedtomyclass.(Afterchatting)(withLu

Jia)(onthismatter)(fortwohours)(from2:00)(to4:00)(intheafternoon),Ireturned(tomyclass).介词短语正是让英语句子变得又长又难的原因之一！【例句】1.“三长”(2)从句【定义】从句是复合句【起止标识】标记从句时，一定从关系词开始，到以下四种终止。

①到句尾终止，如：Mr.Xueisateacher(whoteachesMath).

②到句中的逗号终止，如：(WhenIwasyoung),Ilistenedtotheradio.

③到下一个修饰成分终止，如：Mr.WanginvitedHanDongwei(whoisanexcellentteacher)toourschool.

④到下一个谓语动词终止，如HanDongwei(whoisanexcellentteacher)oncestudiedinShanDong.1.“三长”(2)从句1.“三长”(3)非谓语动词短语【定义】todo;doing;done非谓语动词不能独立作谓语，而是充当句子的其他成分。【起止标识】标记非谓语动词短语时，一定是从动词不定式(todo)、动名词(doing)或分词(现在分词doing或过去分词done)开头，到以下四种情况终止。①到句尾终止，如：MissZhaoisateacher(teachingEnglish).②到句中的逗号终止，如：(ToimprovemyEnglish),IoftenlistentotheEnglishradio.③到下一个修饰成分终止，如：Kevinwalkedintothehall,(waving)totheaudience.(totheaudience是介词短语，属于另一修饰成分。)④到下一个谓语动词终止，如：We,(singingahappysong),rodetoschool.1.“三长”(3)非谓语动词短语2.“两短”(1)形容词【定义】形容词是指用来修饰名词的单词，往往带有-ous、-y、-ful、-able等后缀。【常见位置】

①一般置于名词之前，如abeautifulpark。

②修饰不定代词(something、anything、nothing、somebody、anybody、nobody)时置于不定代词之后，如“一些有趣的事”应译为somethinginteresting。2.“两短”(1)形容词2.“两短”(2)副词【定义】副词用来修饰形容词、动词等词，往往带有-ly等后缀。【常见位置】英语中，副词的用法比形容词灵活得多。

①可置于整句之前，如：Unfortunately,hefailedtomakeit.

②可置于整句之后，如：Theteachergreetshisstudentsindividually.

③可置于“助动词、系动词、情态动词之后，实义动词之前”，如：2.“两短”(2)副词Theprincesslooksextremelybeautifultoday.(系动词之后)Heimmediatelysawtheblackcat.(实义动词之前)Hehasundoubtedlyfalleninlovewiththeprincess.(助动词之后，实义动词之前)Hecanhardlyspeakanything.(情态动词之后，实义动词之前)

④可置于形容词或副词之前，如：Thereisanextremelybeautifulgardeninourcampus.Theprincesslooksextremelyb3.平行并列结构【定义】并行并列结构是指由并列词将两个或两个以上含义相似、结构相同的并列项连接起来构成的结构。【标记方法】给平行并列结构做标记的要求是：给并列词加方框，给并列项加下划线。标记时要先找到并列词，然后再找并列项。在标注形如AandB的平行并列结构时，应先找B(即右并列项)后找A(即左并列项)。由于英语中的修饰成分往往置于中心词之后，所以A和B两个并列项后面可能各自带有很长的尾巴，形成“A…andB…”的形式，导致A离and相对较远，不易辨认，而B通常离and很近，容易识别。找到B之后，利用A和B结构相同、含义相似的原则，很容易将A确定出来。3.平行并列结构【定义】并行并列结构是指由并列词将两个或两【常见并列关系】①名词并列：Iliketheboxplacedonthedeskand

theflowersinyourhand.②形容词并列：Mr.Smithisakind,patientandknowledgeableEnglishteacher.③副词并列：Youaresupposedtoanswerthefollowingquestionsquicklyandaccurately.④谓语动词并列：WiththeInternet,peoplecannotonlyplaycomputergamesbutalsodoonlineshopping.【常见并列关系】①名词并列：Ilikethebox【常见并列关系】