山东省（新高考）2021届高三第二次模拟考试英语试题（一）

ft东省（新高考）2021试题（一）学校

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学号 一、阅读选择MuirWoodsandSausalitoHalfDayTourWanderthroughanancientcoastalredwoodforestandexploretheartisticbaysideonthishalf-daytourfromSanFrancisco.TravelacrosstheGoldenGateBridgetovisitMuirWoods, hometosometheoldestandtallest trees on Earth. At the end of your tour hoose betweengettingdroppedoffatUnionSquareinSanFranciscoortakingtheferrybacktoSanFrancisco.YosemiteNationalParkandGiantSequoiasDayTripDiscoverthebeautyoftheSierraNevadaonthisfull-daytriptoYosemiteNationalParkfromSanFrancisco.TravelaboardacomfortablevanthroughhistoricGoldRushtownstoreachthepark,whereyou’llbeamazedbysupersizednaturalwonders.Takeahikeamongancienttrees,andenjoyseveralhourstoexplorethepark’swondersonyourown.NiagaraFallsTourEscapefromNewYorkCityandheadnorthtoseebothsidesoftheCanadianborderonthisguided,2-daytourtoNiagaraFalls.VisitNiagaraFallsonboththeAmericanandCanadiansidesandtakearideonthefamousMaidoftheMistboat.Then,ontheroadbacktoNewYorkCity,makeastoptoshopattheCrossingsPremiumOutlets,oneofthelargestoutletmallsintheUS.NapaandSonomaWineCountryTourEscapetoCalifornia’sfamouswinecountryonthisfull-daytourfromSanFrancisco.Tasteregionalvarietalsatthreedifferentwineriesincludingbothbig-nameandfamily-runestates(庄园).Learnaboutthewinemakingprocessduringguidedtours,andappreciateregionalculturewith astopforlunch.1】Whichtourshouldyouchooseifyouwanttodoshopping?MuirWoodsandSausalitoHalfDayTour.YosemiteNationalParkandGiantSequoiasDayC．NiagaraFallsTour.D．NapaandSonomaWineCountryTour.2】WhatcanyoudoonNapaandSonomaWineCountryTourA．AppreciatesomeoftheoldestandtallesttreesonEarth.Enjoysupersizednaturalwonders.Getsomewinemakingknowledge.Takearideontheboat.3】WhatdoesthewriterintendtodobywritingtheA．Tointroducesomeoutdooractivities.Tosharesometourexperiences.Toadvertiseforthewinecountry.Tocallforprotectingnaturalwonders.Acaloriedeficitisastateinwhichyouburnmorecaloriesthanyouconsume.Asoneofthemostpopularapproacheslosingweight,howdoesitwork?Forexample,ifyouburn2,500caloriesperdaybutonlyeat2,000，youhavecreatedadeficitof500caloriesperday.Thereismathematicalcertainty.But,thisbynomeanstellsthewholestoryabouthowcaloriesdeficitaffectslives.Beforewonderingwhatacaloriedeficitis,it’sprobablybesttolearnwhatacalorieis.Acalorieisaunitthatweusetotrackourbody’senergyexpenditure(消耗)andstorage.Inordertojuststayalive,humanbeings(andanimals)burncalories.Thismeans,evenbeforeweperformanyactivity,ourbodiesarealreadyusingenergy(measuredincalories)tokeepusalive.Around70%ofthecaloriesweconsumearespentonjustkeepingourvitalorgansrunning.Thus,ifapersonconsumescaloriesfarmorelessthanneededtolookthin，itmayhavenegativeeffectsonthebody.Whenpeoplepickupacaloriedeficit,theyoftenmerelynotethatthecaloriemathisirrefutable(无可辩驳的).Thequestionhereisthatnotallcaloriesarethesame.Ifyoueatafewbagsofpotatochipworthofcaloriestosupportthecalorieintakeneededmaintainorcutdownonyourweight,itwillwork.But,thishavethesameeffectonyourbodyandoverallhealthasabalancednutritionalmealcontainingthesameamountofcalories.Itseemslikeasimpleunitofenergyhasbecomeanobjectofoursociety’sobsession.Itneedn'tbethatway.Remember,caloriedeficitsarejustatool,whichservesapurposeinlosingsomeweightandkeepingtrackofyourcalorieintakeseemssimpleenough.1】WhatdoweknowaboutthecalorieA．Ithelpspeopleloseweight.Itisawayofdoingexercises.Itaffectspeople'slivespositively.Itmeansthecaloriespeopleconsume.2】WhichofthefollowingstatementscanbelearnedParagraph2?A．Acalorieisaunittostoredailyenergy.B．Peopleneedtoburncaloriestobealive.C．Calorieintakeistokeepourorgansoperating.D．Livinganimalsonlyburncaloriesafteractivities.3】Whatissuggestedforpeopletoloseweighthealthily?A．Focusingonthecaloriemathwheneating.Focusingondifferentcalorieswheneating.Havingbagsofpotatochipscontainingenoughcalories.Havingbalancednutritionaldietscontainingpropercalories.【小题4】Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Influencesofcaloriedeficits.B．Approachestoloseweight.C．Distinctionsbetweencalories.D．WaystotrackcalorieAtinyAlaskavillagehasexperiencedaboomintourisminrecentyearsaspolarbearsspendmoretimeonlandthanonseaice.Morethan2,000peoplevisitedthenorthernAlaskavillageofKaktovikin2018toseepolarbearsinthewild.Thefarnorthcommunityliesinanareawhereincreasinglyhighertemperaturehasspedupthemovementofseaice,theprimaryhabitat(栖息地)ofbears.Asicehasgraduallymovedtodeepwaterbeyondthecontinentalshelf,morebearsareremainingonlandtolookforPolarbearshavealwaysbeenacommonsightonseaicenearKaktovik,butvillagersstartednoticingachangeinthemid-1990s.Morebearsseemedtostayonland,andresearchersbegantakingnoteofmorefemalebearsmakinghomesinthesnowonlandinsteadofontheicetoraisetheirbabies.U.S.FishandWildlifeServicebiologistsbeganhearingreportsoftheincreasingnumberofpolarbearsintheareaintheearly2000s.Asmoreattentionwasgiventotheplight(困境)ofpolarbearsaboutadecadeago,moretouristsstartedheadingtoKaktovik.Thevillagehadfewerthan50visitorsannuallybefore2011,saidJenniferReed,oftheArcticNationalWildlifeRefuge."Todaywe’retalkingabouthundredsandhundredsofvisitors,manyfromaroundworldeachyear,"Reedsaid.Mosttouristsvisitinthefall,whenbearsareforcedtowardlandbecauseseaiceisfarthestawayfromtheshore.BruceInglangasak,alocalhunterwhosometimesofferswildlife-viewingtours,saidbeenofferingpolarbeartourssince2004.Mostofhisclients(客户)arefromChinaandEurope,aswellfromthelower48U.S.states.Manytouristsstayseveraldaysinthevillage,whichhastwosmallhotels.Thevillagershavebenefitedalotfromthat.Inturn,theyprovidemoreeffectiveprotectionforpolarbearswithfinancialsupportfromtourismdevelopment.【小题1】WhatcausesmorepolarbearstostayonlandinKaktovik?A．Foodshortage. B．Climatechange.C．Habitats,movementtoshore. D．Theirpreferenceforland.2】Howdidcommonpeoplefeelaboutmoresightofbearsland?A．Excited. B．Puzzled. C．Concerned. D．Shocked.3】Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．HotelsinKaktovikareindemandinautumn.B．Kaktovikhasabout50visitorsannually.C．Inglangasakmakesalivingasatourguide.D．Tourismaffectsthebalanceofnature.【小题4】Whichsayingcandescribethetext?A．Thefittestcansurvive. B．Afterastormcomesacalm.C．ThereisalwaysopportunityinD．Everycoinhastwosides.crisis.TherewasatimewhenthemajorconcernwithAIsafetyhadbeentheoneevilsuperintelligence,reflectedinthemovie“TheTerminator”.However,thegame“Tacoma”takesadifferentapproach.ItassumesthattherewillbenumerousAGI(artificialgeneralintelligence)intheworldandthatanyAGI,evenasafelydesignedone,inthewronghandsatthewrongtimecouldcausetobelost.That'sthefuturethatagrowingnumberofAIsafetyexpertsareworriedabout.Thisisnotanewidea.Inthebook“EngineeringaSaferWorld,”MITprofessorNancyG.Levesonaddressescommonmisunderstandingsaboutsafety-criticalsystemsengineering:engineeringsystemswhosefailurecouldleadtohumanloss.Suchsafety-criticaltechnologiesincludeaviation,nuclearpower,automobiles,heavychemicals,biotechnology,and,ofcourse,AGI.Sowhatcanbedone?Technologyisn’talwaysthesolution.Afamousexampleistheinventionofsonicradars(声波雷达)thatweresupposedtohelpshipsdetectnearbyobstacles,butwhichonlyincreasedtherateofaccidents.Why?Captainssailedfaster,thinkingtheycouldgetawaywithitthankstothenewsafetytechnology.Insteadoftechnologies,Leveson'sbooksuggests,weshouldbemakingorganizationalchanges.Additionally,Levesonsuggests,amongmanycomplicatedguidelines,organizationsshouldbeawarethatsafetyguidelineswillinevitablybecomelaxovertime.Asaconsequence,measuresshouldbecarriedouttopreventpotentialdisasters.WhatlessonscanwedrawfromconcernwithAIsafety?Theanswermaylieinrecentdisasternarratives(叙述),whichremindusthat,especiallyinlimeslikethis,weshouldn'tforgetthepotentialforotherdisasters.Publicconsciencereallydoesmatter.Andifwe'reallbetteratthinkingaboutsafetywecitizens,maybewereallycanpreventdisasters.1】Whydoestheauthormentioned“TheTerminator”infirstparagraph?Toarousereaders'interestinTheTerminator.TointroducethetopicofconcernwithAIsafely.Tomentionthesimilaritybetween“TheTerminator”“Tacoma”.Tomakereadersrecalltheevilsuperintelligencereflectedthemovie.2】Whydidtherateofshipaccidentsstillincreaseafterinventionofsonicradars?Becausecaptainsseldomusedthem.Becausetheradarsfailedtoworkproperly.Becausecaptainsdependedonthemtoomuch.Becausetheshipscouldn'tdetectnearbyobstacles.3】Whatdoestheunderlinedword“lax”inparagraph5to?A．Safe. B．Important.C．Unreliable. D．Unnecessary.4】WhichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitlefortheA．DisasterpreventionLessonsfromAI.B．Safetyproblemsinmodernsociety.C．Engineeringdevelopmentinmoderndays.D．Futureapplicationsofartificialintelligence.二、七选五Musicmakesyoumorecreative.【小题1】,theycomeupwithmorecreativesolutions,accordingtoresearchers.Itmaybemusicimprovesyourbrain’sflexibility.Anotherreasonmaybeitrelaxesyouenoughforthecreativejuicestoflow.Butdon’tplaymusic tooloudly.Musiccanhelpduringsurgery.【小题2】.Aftersurgery,ithelpsreducepain.Ananalysis of73studiesconfirmedthatlisteningtomusicbefore,duringoraftersurgeryreducesanxietyandpainwhichinturnmeanslesspainmedication.【小题3】Studieshavefoundthatwhenyou’rerunning,bikingorwalking,you’llgofartherwithmusicon.Musicrelievesyourdiscomfortandmotivatesyoutostayon.Theeffectissoobviouslygreatthattheauthorofareviewexaminingthepsychologicalofmusic onexercisecalledmusic“atypeoflegalperformance-improvementdrug”.Musicaidssleep.Listeningtomusicbeforebedcanhelpyoufallasleepfasterandwakeuplessoftenduringthenight.【小题4】.onestudy,seniorswithsleepproblemswholistened to45minutesofsoftslowmusicbeforebedreporteda35percentimprovementintheirsleep.Musicgetsyoutoignorethepassingoftime.Scientistshaveshownrepeatedlythatpeoplejudgeaperiodofwaitingshorterwhenmusicisplaying.Businessmenusethattotheiradvantage,playingmusicyoustaylongerandspendmore.Forinstance,moredrinksandfoodaresoldinbarsandrestaurantswhenmusicisplayed.5】,grocerysalesincreaseby38percent.Inthiscase,you’llfeelmorerelaxedinthemorningAndifthebackgroundmusicisslowThenyouplayapieceofbriefmusicWhenpeoplelistentohappymusicthanwhentheysitinsilenceWhenmusicisplayedvaryingfromatunetoanotherMusicmakesyougetridoftheideaofquittingaworkoutG．Listeningtomusicbeforesurgeryhasbeenshowntoease三、完形填空Fourth-grader,SarahHaycox,madeithermissiontorightawrong.Andindoingso,shehasshowntheworldwhat person,withpassion,cando.Oneday,when byanathleticfieldnearherschool,Sarahnoticedasmall withthenameEdwinT.Prattandyear1930-1969onit.She whohewasandwhathedid.Aftersome ,shelearnedthathewasacivilrightswhohaddonemanygoodthingsto others.Sadly,hewas justbecausesomeonedisagreedwithwhathewasdoing.Feelingthatthesmallmemorialwas bigenoughforamanwhohadsomuch onothers,Sarah todosomething!Therewasanew goingupnearbyforyoungkids.Shefoundoutwhowere thebuildingprojectandaskedthemifcouldbenamedafterMr.Pratt.Throughgreatefforts,hervisioncametoreality!Almost50yearsafterhisdeath,EdwinPratt’sandimpactwillbecelebratedasthenameofthenewschool.MostkidssimplyhadwalkedbythememorialwithoutthinkingaboutwhoMr.Prattwas.ButSarahhadthe tolearnmore,thevisiontoimaginesomethingbetterandthecourageto heridea.Heramazingactionshave manyotheryoungaroundtheworld.【小题1】A．honest B．young【小题2】A．walking B．running【小题3】A．museum B．church【小题4】A．forgot B．realized5】A．discussionB．research【小题6】A．teach B．rescue【小题7】A．killed B．punished【小题8】A．rarely B．simply【小题9】A．impact B．impression【小题10】A．stopped B．decided【小题11】A．library B．theatre12】A．inneedofB．insearch

C．cleverC．ridingC．boardC．wonderedC．practiceC．helpC．blamedC．merelyC．reflectionC．happenedC．schoolC．infavour

D．shyD．drivingD．memorialD．explainedD．thoughtD．repayD．arrestedD．hardlyD．dependenceD．announcedD．hospitalD．inchargeof【小题13】A．curiosity B．confidence【小题14】A．prove B．change15】A．astonishedB．inspired

ofC．chanceC．presentC．attracted

ofD．energyD．pursueD．protected四、用单词的适当形式完成短文1EarthDay【小题1】(found)in1970asadayofeducationaboutenvironmentalproblems,andEarthDay20occursonWednesday,April22—theholiday’s50thanniversary.Theholidayisnowaglobalcelebrationthat’ssometimesextendedintoEarthWeek,afullsevendaysof【小题2】(event)focusedongreenliving.【小题3】(elect)totheU.S.Senate（参议院）in1962,SenatorGaylordNelsonwasdeterminedtoconvincethefederalgovernmentthattheplanetwas【小题4】risk.In1969,NelsondevelopedtheideaforEarthDayafter【小题5】(inspire)bytheanti-VietnamWar“teach-ins”thatweretakingplaceoncollegecampusesaroundtheUnitedStates.DenisHayes,ayoungactivist【小题6】hadservedasstudentpresidentatStanfordUniversity,wasselectedasEarthDay’snationalcoordinator（协调者）,andheworkedwith7】armystudentvolunteersandseveralstaffmembersfromNelson’sSenateoffice8】(organize)theproject.ThefirstEarthDaywaseffectiveatraising【小题9】(aware)aboutenvironmentalproblemsandtransformingpublicattitudes.EarthDaykickedoffthe“Environmentaldecadewithabang,”asSenatorNelsonlaterputit.ThethemeofEarthDay2020is“climateaction.”EarthDhopesitwillbethe【小题10】(large)volunteereventinhistory.五、提纲类作文新华中学近期组织了校园劳动周(CampusLaborWeek)英语报记者，请写一篇简短的英文报道。内容包括：活动的时间与地点；活动的过程；注意：80六、读后续写9.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Icouldn'tevensortthroughthefirstboxofourdogBama'stoyswithoutburstingintotears.Myhusband,Alan,foundmesittingonthefloor,holdingourdog'sfav