中西酒文化差异英语专业论文

课程论文（学术论文写作）Title:OntheDifferencebetweenChineseandWesternWineCulture题目:浅析中西方酒文化差异 二级学院：英语学院专业：英语班级：姓名：学号：授课教师：成绩：目录目录 i摘要 IAbstract II1Introduction 12DifferentOriginsofWine 22.1TheOriginofWineinChina 22.2TheOriginofWineinTheWest 22.3BriefSummary 23DifferentPreferencesofWine 34DifferencesofDrinkingVessels 45DrinkingEtiquette 56SpiritConnotationofWine 66.1WineisTheirEmotionalSustenance 66.2WineisTheirWayofReclusiveness 76.3WineHasSecularUtilitarianUtility 76.4BriefSummary 77Conclusion 8Bibliography 9摘要随着中西方交流的扩大，中西文化之间的差异也越来越受到重视，酒文化的差异也当然是其中之一。酒被认为是酒神赐予人们的礼物，酒文化源远流长，酒在人们日常的交际生活中起着重要作用，它融会贯通了人们生活和人际交往的各个方面。而酒作为一个既传承历史又通向未来的道具是一个值得我们认真研究的课题。而由于生活环境、历史背景传统习俗、价值观念、思维模式、社会规范以及文化底蕴的不同，酒文化作为一种深刻的文化现象，也在中西方各个国家、各个地区有着各不相同的内涵，呈现出风格迥异的特性。本文是在经过大量资料收集和阅读之后进行的分析总结，主要论述的是中西方酒文化之间的差异。中西方的酒文化同中有异、异中有同,内容丰富，了解不同民族的酒文化,有助于人们成功地进行跨文化交际，同时也加深了对历史文化的了解。关键词：酒文化；跨文化交际；文化差异AbstractWiththeexpansionofcommunicationbetweenChinaandwesterncountriesandtheglobalizationoftheworldnowadays,thedifferencesbetweenChineseandwesterncultureshavebeenattractedmuchmoreattention,forinstance,thedifferencesofwinecultureisoneofwhichfocusedasanissue.Thewineisconsideredasthegiftgivenbythegodofwine.Wineculturehasalonghistoryandwineplaysanimportantroleinpeople’sdailylife,anditcombinespeople’slivesandinterpersonalcommunicationinallaspects.Ontheotherhand,asalinkerofinheritinghistoryandleadingtothefuture,wineisanarticlethatdeservesourearneststudy.Becauseofthedifferencesoflivingenvironment,historicalbackgroundtraditions,valuesandthinkingmode,socialnormsandculture,wineculturehasadifferentconnotationindifferentcountriesandregionsandshowsthecharacteristicsofdisparatestyleasakindofprofoundculturalphenomenon.Thisarticleisananalysisperformedafteralotofdatacollectionandreading,whichmainlydescribesthedifferencesofwineculturebetweenChinaandwesterncountries.Accordingtotheresearch,thewineculturebetweenChinaandwesterncountriesisveryspecial,whichhassimilaritiesintheirdifferencesanddifferencesintheirsimilarities.Thestudypresentsthatthecontentofthewinecultureisreallyrichandcomplex.Therefore,forthesakeofthesuccessfulinterculturalcommunicationamongdifferentnationsandregions,havingagoodknowledgeofwinecultureisnecessary.What’smore,itcandeepenpeople’Keywords:WineCulture;InterculturalCommunication;CulturalDifferencesIntroductionThewineasanobjectivesubstanceintheworldisintheshapeofwaterbutithasthecharacteroffire.Sincethewinecomesintobeing,itcontributestoarichculturalconnotationofhumansociallife.TheChinesetraditionalviewwhichproposalthatpeopleshouldcultivateone’smoralityandcareaboutthegoodandevilhumannatureisalsoreflectonthewordsmaking,whichisfromanancientbooknamedShuowenjiezi(speakthelanguageandexplainthewords).Itwillbrightenthebrightandfoolthefool.Accordingtothehistory,drinkingissuchacommonthingthattheemperors,theheroes,theliberators,theordinarypeople,thebeggarsarealllikeandwantit.Undoubtedly,thewinecanbesaidasariddle.PeoplenomatterinChinaorinwesterncountriesallhavethehabitofdrinkingwine.Theyregarddrinkingwineasanindispensablepartoflife.Theformationwayofwinecultureisdifferentindifferentcountries.InChina,thewordforalcohol"jiu”isusedtorefertoalltypesofalcoholicbeverages.SincelongtimeagoChinahadhavethestoriesaboutDuKangwhoinventedthemethodofbrewingwine.InEnglish,therearemanywordscanbeusedtoreferto“jiu”,forexample,alcohol,drink,liquor,spiritsandwineareallreferto“jiu”.Thewineculturewasgraduallyformedaftertheappearingofwine.Someonehassaidthatthewineculturereferredtotheintegrationofmaterial,technical,spiritual,custom,psychological,andbehaviorphenomenonwhichgeneratedaroundthecenter.Nomattertheeasternorwesternpeople,whentheyfacethebusyandhelplesslifeandexclaimlifeistooshortandchangeable,theythinkonlywinecanhelpthemescapefromsufferingandtheirweakhumannaturecanbereleased.Inordertopushthedevelopmentofwinecultureweshoulddoourutmosttopromotetheinternationalcommunicationofthewineculture.DifferentOriginsofWineTheOriginofWineinChinaAbouttheoriginofwine,Chineseclaimsthatwineisbrewedwithmanykindsoftechnologybypeople,whilethewesternersthinkwineisoriginallycreatedbygod.InChinesehistory,itisoflongstanding,andtheoldsayingsaboutthebornofwinearealot.However,generallyspeaking,peopleprefertoconsiderthesayingofDuKangbrewingwineiscorrect.ItissaidthatDuKangwasashepherd,whenhewasingrazing;helostavesselmadefrombamboothatcontainedmilletcongee.Severaldaysafter,hegotitbackandhefoundthemilletcongeefermentedintotangymellownectar.Fromthenon,DuKangabandonedgrazingandstartedtomakeandsellwine.Asaconsequence,DuKangbecamethefamoussageofwine.Then,DuKangnotonlyreferredtotheperson’sname,butalsothewine’sname.Therefore,DuKangbecametheforefatherofwine—making.TheOriginofWineinTheWestTherearealsoalotoforiginsinthewest,butmostlythoughtthatwineiscreatedbygod,anditisthegiftforhumangivenbygod.TheancientEgyptianthinkwineismadebyOsiriswhoprotectsthedead,andGreecepeoplethinkwineisbroughtbythegodofwinenamedDionysus,itisnotonlythegiftgivenbythegodofwine,butalsothesymbolofpeople’sharvest.Accordingtothelegend,DionysuswasthesonofZeusandtheprincessofThebesnamedHimmler.HegrewupinAsiaMinorThraceandGreece,andtaughtpeoplegrowinggrapesandthetechnologyofmakingwineeverywhere.ThenthewinebecamegraduallyprevailinginEurope.Thegodofwinewithhisfollowersstrollshereandthere,sowheretheywanderedwherehadthefragranceofwine.BriefSummaryIncontrast,althoughChinesehasthewordssuchas"winegod"or"wineimmortal",thesewordsactuallyrefertoheavydrinkersorthelaudatorynamesofthedrinkers.Bothofthemhavenothingtodowithmyth,andofcoursetheyaredifferentwithDionysusinthewesternculture.Inthecurrentcross-culturalcommunication,itisneedtobedistinguished.Andbeyondthemyth,archaeologicalstudiesshowedthatinthelateneolithic,EasternAsiaandChina(YellowRiverbasinandYangtzeRiverbasin)andWesternAsiaandNorthAfrica(tworiverbasinsandtheNileriverbasin)hadbegunfarmingrevolution.Whileintheearlystagesoftheimpergium,theancientsoftheeastandthewestDifferentPreferencesofWineInChinesetraditionalviews,peopleprefertochoosefoodasrawmaterialtomakewhiteandyellowwineasdrinksinformaloccasions.Forexample,whentheChinesegovernmentfetestheforeignguests,theflagshipdrinksisthetop-gradewhitewinesuchasChineseMaotaiandWuliangyeYibin.inrecentyears,beeraremoreandmoreimportantintheChinesemarket,andpeoplealwayschoosebeertoadjustatmosphereintheparties,butintheformaloccasions,peoplewillmakethesamechoiceofwhitewinetoperformancethisfunction.Forinstance,intheweddingday,inordertoadapttotheneedsofdifferentgroups,thetablesseatbytheguestsusuallyhavewhitewine,beeranddrinks;whilethetoastwineusedbythenewcoupleisalwayswhitewinethatalsocalledliquor.Inthewest,thereisnodoubtthatthegrapewineandbrandyarereallypopular.Whateveradjustingtheatmosphereordrivingawaythecold,whateverintheformalorinformalparties,theywouldhappentocoincidetochoosegrapewine.Winehasbecomeanindispensablespiceintheirdailylife.Inthebeginning,peoplehavenotendencyforwineselection.Peoplecouldtakeanythingstomakewine.Grapewine,justasitsnameimplies,madebygrapes.Chineseliquor(whitewine)oryellowwineismadebyriceorothercrops.Becausethereissomethingtodowiththenaturalandculturalenvironment,wineandliquorappearandgraduallybecometheindispensablepartofhumanlife.Inancienttimes,ChinesepeopleliveinYellowRiverbasinwhichisthetemperatecontinentalclimate,andthisclimatesuitsthegrowthofgraincropssuchassorghumandwheat.ItisgrantedthatChinesechoosecropsaswine-makingrawmaterials.Onthecontrary,inEurope,especiallyonthecoastofwesternMediterraneanandintheMediterraneanclimatezone,theclimateandtopographyareverysuitableforgrapegrowing.Afteralongtime,peopleformedapreferenceforwineselection.Naturalgeographicalenvironmentandculturalinheritance,namelynaturalandculturalenvironmentandsocialculturalenvironmentcontributedtothedifferentpreferencesbetweenDifferencesofDrinkingVesselsWhateverinChinaorthewest,peopletakedrinkingvesselsseriously.Theelegantandsuitableextantofdrinkingvesselsarerelatedtopeople’sdegreeofattentionandlove.Thedrinkingvessels’cultureasanimportantpartofwineculturealsohasalonghistory,beautifulandisworthforustostudycarefully.Withtheeconomicandsocialdevelopment,thematerials,manufacturaltechnology,shapeandfunctionofdrinkingvesselsareincontinuouschange.Accordingtoanarticle’sintroduction,inancientChina,drinkingvesselsgenerallycalled“zun”.Usingasapropernoun,“zun”isakindofcontainerswithhighneck,ringfootandanimalmotifs.Inaddition,therearevariousdrinkingvesselssuchas“pot”,“jue”,“jiao”,“xian”and“cup”,“light”,“zhong”and“wei”,“yi”,“ru”,“qing”and“ji”.Eachvesselhasitsownfunctionandshape.Accordingtosomepeople’sresearch,drinkingvessel’sshapeandwine’sflavorhavegreatrelevance.Becausedifferentshapeswouldmakewineandthecontactareaofdynamictongueisdifferent,andthecapacityinthemouthwouldbeaffected,theflavorofwinealsohassomethingtodowiththedrinkingvessel’sshape.Thisiswhywesternerschoosevesselswithdifferentshapesandmakingmaterialtofilldifferentwine.ThereisnodoubtthatthewesternerspayattentiontothedrinkingvesselsnolessthanChinese.ThereissomethingdifferentwithChina:Chinesedrinkingvessels’typesarevariousnotjustbecauseofthedevelopmentofthesocialproductivity,butalsobecauseofthefeudalhierarchicalneed,whichisthroughdifferentvesselstorepresentthedifferentstatus.Drinkingvesselsaredividedintodifferentlevelsjustastheancientrobes.Differentpeopleusedifferentdrinkingvessels,theexistenceofdrinkingvesselsiscompletetodistinguishandstandoutthedrinker’sidentity.DrinkingEtiquetteChinaandwesterncountrieshaveabigdifferenceonthedrinkingetiquette.Maybethebiggestdifferenceindrinkingetiquetteistourgepeopletodrinkatabanquet.AgroupofChinesedrinktogetherisabiggerscenedefinitelythanagroupofwesternersgettogether.BecausetheChinesearegoodaturgeotherstodrink,theywoulddotheirbesttoforceotherstodrink.ThisnotonlysymbolizesthehospitalityofChinesepeople,butalsohastheverybigrelationswithChinesegroupthink.UrgingotherstodrinkasaspecialwaytotoastisakindofChinesecustomthatformedinthethousandsofyears.ThecustomisonekindofChinesetraditionalculturewhichcannotseeinthewesterncountriesandcannotbeunderstoodinthewest.Westernpeoplestressdemocracyandfreedom,andtheyneverinterfereandforceotherstodothings.Theydrinkandmealallbyfreeandindependent,iftheywanttodrinkandthendrink,theywanthowmuchtodrinkandthendrinkhowmuch,theyneednottobepoliteandformal.ThedifferencesbetweenChineseandwesternarehere.WhenChinesedrink,theywouldsaythattheycannotdrink,butthehoststillurgesthemtodrinktoshowrespectandsincerity.Whenwesternersdrink,theywouldnotappearthiskindofcircumstance,iftheysaythattheycannotdrink,thehostwouldnoturgethemtodrinkanyway.Besides,theChineseareparticularabouttoproposeatoast.Thistoasthasacustom,too,andcan'teasilybreakit.Thefirsttoastmuststartfromthehost,andthentheguestshaverighttoreturn,thentheinterplayamongtheguests.Thehosttoastsalsohavetheorderfromtheoldtotheyoung,fromthehonourablepeopletothecommon.Thewholetoasthasaparticularregularityandstronginteractivity.Whenwesternersdrinktogethersuchasaparty,first,thehosttoaststhegueststothankthepresenceandhopethemenjoytheparty.Afterthat,othertimeisfreeforallguests;theycanfindtheirownpartnertoproposeatoastandchat.Also,becausetheinfluenceofChinesetraditionalcultureandthethinkingoftoast,everybodywouldshowhumilityandtrytomaketheirowncupstobelowerpositionthanothers.Afterthetoast,thehostshouldalsogivetheguestsfullofwinebutcannotoverflow,thefull,thebetter.Westernerspaymoreattentiononthewine-tastingwhentheyaredrinking.Commonly,theyonlypourquarterofglasssothattheycanrockthewineintheglass,anditisconvenientforobservationandsmellingthefragrance.Forwesterners,theywouldnottoshowtheirhumility.SowhentheyseetheChinesebehaviorthatdoesn’tlettheircuphigherthanothers,theyfeelsurpriseandcannotunderstand.SpiritConnotationofWineSinceDuKangbrewing,wineplaysanindispensableroleinChineselife,andChineseliteratusplayaspecialroleinthewineculture,thewinedeeplyinfiltratesChinesehistoricliteratus'sspirit.Chineseliteratureandculturalhistorycanbesaidwrittenwithwineandemittedthearomaofwine.6.1WineisTheirEmotionalSustenanceWineisasubstancecanacceleratehumanbody'sbloodcirculation,makethepersonmoreimpulsive,andemotionsaremorelikelytoerupt.Literatusdrinkmakesthisfunctionexpressedtoacme.Theycanmakethecommondepressiveintheheartintoflowsofideasafterdrinking.Asweallknow,LiBai,DuFu,XinQijiandLiQingzhaoareallgoodatexpressingemotionswithwine.ThegreatancientpoetLiBaioftheTangDynasty(AD618-907),whowascrownedas“theGodofPoems”and“ImmortalofWine”inChina.Manyofhisgreatmasterpieceswerecreatedwhenhewasdrunkand17percentofhispoemswereaboutdrinking.“InvitationtoWine”(QiangJinJiu)isaveryfamouspoemonwineofhim:InvitationtoWineLiBaiDoyounotseetheYellowRivercomefromthesky?Rushingintotheseaandne'ercomeback?DoyounotseethemirrorbrightinchamberhighGrieveo'eryoursnow-whitehairthatoncewassilkenback?Whenhopesarewon,oh,drinkyourfillinhighdelightAndneverleaveyourwinecupemptyinmoonlight!Heavenhasmadeustalents;we'renotmadeinvain.Athousandgoldcoinsspent,morewillturnupagain.Killacow,cookasheepandletusmerrybe,Anddrinkthreehundredcupfulsofwineinhighglee!Dearfriendsofmine,Cheerup,cheerup!Iinviteyoutowine.Donotputdownyourcup!Iwillsingyouasong,pleasehear,Ohear!Lendmeawillingear!Whatdifferencewillrareandcostlydishesmake?Iwantonlytogetdrunkandne'ertowake.Howmanygreatmenwereforgottenthroughtheages?Greatdrinkersarebetterknownthansobersages.ThePrinceofPoetsfeastedinhispalaceatwill,Drankwineattenthousandcoinsacaskandlaughedhisfill.Ahostshouldnotcomplainofmoneyheisshort;Todrinktogetherwe'dsellthingsofanysort.ThefurcoatworthathousandcoinsofgoldAndflower-dappledhorsemaybothbesoldTobuygoodwinethatwemaydrownthewoesage-old6.2WineisTheirWayofReclusivenessThecelebritiesinWeiandJindynastiesarethemostfamousfortheirreclusivenessinthehistory.Celebritiesusedwineastheirwayofreclusivenesswasprevailing.RuanJi,JiKangandTaoYuanmingwhoallchosewinetoachievetheirwishthatavoidanyreal,heavyandunbearablelifeandhopetofindabrightworld.Nonetheless,theywerestillthroesinthehalfawakeandhalfdrunk,theywantedtostopbuttheycannotjustlikethepoem“Butsincewaterstillflows,thoughwecutitwithourswords,andsorrowsreturn,thoughwedrownthemwithwine”.6.3WineHasSecularUtilitarianUtilityWineisoftenusedasthesubstanceoffarewelldinnerandtoboostone’scourage.Peoplechoosewinetoexpresstheirsorrowofseparationorlookingintothefuturelifeafterseparation.“Onethousandcupsofwinearenotenoughwhenyouaredrinkingwithaclosefriend”,what’smore,“Fromcupsofjadethatglowwithwineofgrapesatnight,drinkingtopipasongs,wearesummonedtofight.Don'tlaughifweliedrunkuponthebattleground!Howmanywarriorsevercamebacksafeandsound?”Inthispoem,theutilitarianismofwineismoreobvious.6.4BriefSummaryWineasanimageofpoemcreationpossessesthemagicformulatobeingalivebeyondtimeandspace,andvariousspiritofitsculturemakesthethemesandmeaningsofpoemsgreatdifferent.Theamountandprocessofdrinking,andthenumberofpeopleinvolvedalldecidetheaestheticeffectsofpoem,thefeelingsofpoets,andtherhymeofpoem.Asfortheexpressionsofmissing,send-offscene,pastoralscenery,winedrinkinghasthecapacitytoproducinghuge-changingandmeaningfuleffects.Andforwesterners,wineisasubstancemadepersonalsensesmorecheerful.Astheychoosethedrinkingvesselforbettertasting,thatisthesame.Theydidnotputovermuchthingtowineandtheywouldnotusewinetoexpresstheiremotions.ConclusionChinaisconsideredasthewinehometownoftheworld,thecontentofChinesewineculturehasthecharacteristicsofextensivenessandmultilayer.Chinesewinecultureinfluencedbytheconfucianism,soitshowsitsuniquecharacteristicsofconnotation,constraintandnostalgia,anditreflectsthatisahigh-levelmaterialneedsorspiritualneeds.Bythetextfromthisthesis,wecaneasilyfindthattherestillexistvariousdifferencesbetweenChineseandwesternwineculture.ButwiththedevelopmentofculturalcommunicationbetweenChinaandthewest,alongwiththestrengtheningofcommunicationbetw