2020年高考选择题专项集训英语(十六)解析版

、阅读理解AChina’sFi-vheundred-meterApertureSphericalRadioTelescope(500米口径球面射电望远镜)(FAST)hasdetectedarepeatingfastradioburst(FRB)—mysteriousradiosignalsfromouterspace—forthefirsttime,ScienceandTechnologyDailyreported.ScientistsontheFASTprojectwiththeNationalAstronomicalObservatoriesofChina(NAOC)revealedthenewslastWednesday.TheFRBoriginatedsomethreebillionlightyearsawayfromEarth.Otherfactorsincludingaircraftandsatelliteshavebeendismissedandcrossexaminationisbeingcarriedout,thescientistssaid.FRBhassincebecomeoneofthehottesttopicsinastronomy.Itwasnotuntil2007whenthefirstFRBwasdiscoveredbyhumans.Fewerthan100FRBshavebeendetectedinternationally.ThereisstillnoreasonableexplanationfortheoriginofFRBintheinternationalscientificcommunityatpresent.FRBsmostlyonlyappearonce,whichmakesthemveryhardtotrack.TheFRBdetectedbyFAST’sr-etimaledetectionterminal(端),however,isonethathasbeenobservedbefore,saidZhangXinxin,anassistantengineerwiththeNAOC.KnownasFRB121102,itwasfirstdiscoveredin2012andfoundtorepeatin2015.Analysisofdatalaterlocatedthesourceofthesignalcomingfromadwarfgalaxy( 矮 星系)threebillionlightyearsaway.ThefirstpulsefromFRB121102wasspottedbyFASTonAug30,2019.Afterthis,thetelescoperecordeddozensofpulsesfromtheFRBoverthecourseofdays.OnSept3,2019alone,morethan20pulsesweredetected.Thenumberofmysteriousburstsdetectedsofaristoosmalltodrawanyconclusions,Zhangsaid.FAST,theworldslargestsi-ndgislehradiotelescope,hasacertainedgeindetectingrepeatedFRBs.Thisisbecausethe19-beamreceiverinstalledonFAST,coveringfrequencyrangesof1.05-1.45GHz,isverysensitivetoradiosignals,Zhangsaid.T,theworld1.Thewholetextmainlygivesusanintroductionto .A.abriefintroductionofFAST. B.adiscoveryofFASTC.thevalidationofFAST D.theusageofFAST2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.FRB121102isthefirstfastradioburstthatwasdiscoveredbyhumans.B.TheFRBdetectedbyChina’sFASTthistimehasnotbeenobservedbefore.C.FRBsmostlyonlyappearonce,whichmakesthemveryhardtotrack.D.Wecaninferthatbillion-lightyearisatermoftimeinastronomy.3.ApertureSphericalRadioTelescope(FAST) .A.istheworld’slargestradiotelescopeB.hasdetectedmorethan100FRBsC.foundreasonableexplanationfortheoriginofFRBD.hasbeeninstalledwiththe19-beamreceiver【答案】1-3BCD【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了中国500米口径球面射电望远镜 FAST首次探测到重复快速射电暴 ——来自外太空的神秘无线电信号。同时，文章还介绍了关于 FRB的情况，以及FAST探测到FRB的记录。.主旨大意题。根据第一段“China’sF-hivuendred-meterApertureSphericalRadioTelescope(FAST)hasdetectedarepeatingfastradioburst(FRB) — mysteriousradiosignalsfromouterspace —forthefirsttime,ScienceandTechnologyDailyreported.可知据《科技日报》报道，中国” 500米口径球面射电望远镜 (FAST)首次探测到稳定周期快速射电暴 (FRB)——来自外太空的神秘无线电信号。结合文章介绍了中国500米口径球面射电望远镜 FAST首次探测到重复快速射电暴——来自外太空的神秘无线电信号。同时，文章还介绍了关于 FRB的情况，以及 FAST探测到FRB的记录。由此可知，全文主要给我们介绍了FAST的一个发现。故选B。.细节理解题。根据第三段中“FRBsmostlyonlyappearonce,whichmakesthemveryhardtotrack.可知FRB通常只出现一次，这”使得跟踪它们非常困难。故选C。.细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Thisisbecausethe1-9beamreceiverinstalledonFAST,coveringfrequencyrangesof1.05-1.45GHz,isverysensitivetoradiosignals,Zhangsaid.可知张说，这是因为安装在” FAST上的19波束接收器，覆盖1.05-1.45GHz的频率范围，对无线电信号非常敏感。由此可知，孔径球面射电望远镜已经安装了19波束接收器。故选D。BSurprise!HighSchoolStudentDiscoversNewPlanetThreeDaysIntoNASA.When17-year-oldWolfCukieracceptedaninternship（ 实习）atNASA,heexpectedtobechallengedandgaininsightsintopursuingacareerinastrophysics（天体物理学）.Instead,heattainedworldwidefameforanachievementfindinganewplanet!TheteenagercameacrossthedistantworldwhileexaminingimagesofthevariationsinstarbrightnesscapturedbyNASA’sTransitingExoplanetSurveySatellite（TESS）anduploadedtoPlanetHuntersTESSbyamateurcitizenastronomers.“Iwaslookingthroughthedataforeverythingthevolunteershadmarked,ukiersaid.“Aboutthreedaysintomyinternship,IsawasignalfromasystemcalledTOI1338.Atfirst,Ithoughtitwasastellareclipse（ 日食）butthetimingwaswrong.Itturnedouttobeaplanet. ”FurtherresearchrevealedthatTOI1338b,asitiwcalled,isararecircumbinaryplanet（ 环 双 星 行星）—aworldorbitingtwostars.Evenmoreexciting,TOI1338bisthefirstcircumbinaryworlddiscoveredbytheTESSmission.TheresearchersbelievethatTOI1338bisabout6.9timeslargerthanEarth.TheexpertsclaimthatTOI1338b’stwostarsvaryinsize.ItisalsotheonlyplanetintheTOI1338system,whichlies1,300light-yearsawayfromEarth.Notsurprisingly,theHighSchoolseniorislookingtopursueacareerinphysicsandastrophysics.WhenaskedofhisplanstoseekoutajobatNASA,theyoungstersaid, “I’venoideaaboutNASA’shiringpracticesbutitcan’thurt!”Headded,“Acareerinspaceresearchisappealing. ”4.Whatkindofwritingdoesthetextbelongto?A.Abiography. B.Anovel.C.Adiary. D.Anewsreport.5.WhatcanweknowaboutTOI1338b?A.Itisarareplanetwithonlyonestar.B.Itisabout6.9timessmallerthanEarth.C.Itlies1,300light-yearsawayfromEarth.D.Itisthefirstcirumbinaryplanetdiscoveredbyhuman.6.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Cukierisveryproudofhimself.B.NASAisverystrictonhiringpractices.C.CukierhasgreatinterestinworkingatNASA.D.CukierknowsnothingaboutNASA'Shiringpractices.7.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.ANewPlanet. B.NASA'sTessMission.C.AWorld-famousTeenager. D.TheDiscoveryofaNewPlanet.【答案】4-7DCCD【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了一名高中生实习生进入美国宇航局三天就发现了一颗新行星TOI1338b。.推理判断题。根据第一段“Surprise!HighSchoolStudentDiscoversNewPlanetThreeDaysIntoNASA.（惊喜!一名高中生进入美国宇航局三天就发现了一颗新行星。 ）由此可知，这是新闻报道的写作口吻。 故选D项。.细节理解题。根据第四段中“ItisalsotheonlyplanetintheTOI1338system,whichlies1,300light-yearsawayfromEarth.可知，它也是距地球1300光年的TOI1338星系中唯一的一颗行星。 由此可知，TOI1338b距离地球1300光年。故选C项。.推理判断题。根据最后一段中“WhenaskedofhisplanstoseekoutajobatNASA,theyoungstersaid, 'I'venoideaaboutNASA'shiringpracticesbutitcan'thurt!'Headded,'Acareerinspaceresearchsappeaiing'可及至U在‘NASA找工作的计划时，这个年轻人说： 我又NASA的招聘方法一无所知，但这没什么坏处！ ”他补充说： 太空研究的职业很有吸引力。 ”可由此知，Cukier对在NASA工作很感兴趣。故选C项。.主旨大意题。根据第一段“Surprise!HighSchoolStudentDiscoversNewPlanetThreeDaysIntoNASA.（惊喜!一名高中生进入美国宇航局三天就发现了一颗新行星。 ）接下来文章主要介绍了新行星 TOI1338b。由此可知，—颗新行星的发现”适合做本文最佳标题。故选 D项。二、七选五Forgenerations,peoplehavedreamedoftravelingtoMarstoexploreEarth 'sclosestplanetaryneighbor.TheAmericanSpaceAgency,NASA,andotherspaceagencieshaveannouncedplanstosendpeopletotheRedPlanet.1 IntheUnitedStates,somevolunteersarelearninghowpeoplewillreacttomonthsofseparationfromotherhumansonaMarsbase.2.Butactually,theyarelivinginHawaii.TheprojectiscalledHI-SEAS.NASAhasprovidedfinancialsupportforthework.Sixpeoplearelivingonamake-believeMarsBase.TheyareisolatedhighontopofMaunaLoa,avolcanicmountainontheBigIslandofHawaii,whoseenvironmentisasclosetoMarsaswecanfindonEarth.3.Whenmeasuredfromitsbase,deepintheocean,MaunaLoaisthesecondlargestmountaininoursolarsystem.Becauseitissohigh,thelandisnotwarmorrichwithplants,liketherestofHawaii.Visually,itisverysimilartowhatyouseeonMars.Theycanwalkacrossredlavarockfromthevolcanoandseethewonderfulvolcanicmaterial.Thereisreallynovisibleplantlifeoranimallife.ThesixmemberHI-SEAScrewismostlyself-sufficient.Theytakecareofthemselves.4.Buttheindividualsbringingthosesuppliescannotcommunicatewithvolunteersinsidethebase.ThecurrentcrewhasbeenlivinginthebasesinceOctober,andwillstayuntilJune.Crewmemberscommunicatewiththeoutsideworldthroughe-mailandblogs.TheyalsoproducevideosontheYouTubewebsite.5A.Butsuchamannedmissionisyearsaway.B.Marshasthelargestvolcanicmountaininthesolarsystem.C.TheyarespendingeightmonthsinanareathatlooksmuchlikethesurfaceofMars.D.MaunaLoais2,500metersabovesealevel.E.ConditionsonthesurfaceofMarsareclosertotheconditionsonEarth.F.Fornow,onamountaintopinHawaii,volunteersaregettingatasteoflifeonafutureMarsbase.G.Foodandsuppliesarebroughttothem.【答案】1-5ACDGF【解析】本文是一篇说明文， 介绍了一些志愿者在夏威夷进行模拟火星生活的事。 为了探索火星计划，一些志愿者被隔离在夏威夷大岛的莫纳罗亚火山的最高处， 他们生活在一个与火星基地类似环境中进行长达数月的体验。.考查对上下文的推理判断能力。根据下文是讲述志愿者在夏威夷体验在火星的生活可知，探索火星的任务还要好多年才能实现，故 A项符合语境。.考查对上下文的推理判断能力。根据上句“IntheUnitedStates,somevolunteersarelearninghowpeoplewillreacttomonthsofseparationfromotherhumansonaMarsbase.（'在美国，一些志愿者正在学习如何在隔离其他人的火星基地上生活数月。）再根据下句