英语构词法之合成法与混成法课件

合成法

compounding1合成法

compounding1CompoundingConceptCharacteristicsFormationCompoundingConceptConcept将两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词的构词法称为合成法。Compounding:aprocessbywhichacompoundlexemeisderivedfromtwoormoresimplerlexemes.3Concept3Characteristicstodistinguishacompoundfromafreephrase:SemanticFeatures(语义学标准):acompoundhasitownsemanticfeatures,ratherthanthemeaningcombinationofeachword.E.g.greenhousevs.greenhouseOrthographicFeatures（正字法标准）:Compoundsarewritteninvariousways.E.g.a.Solid(字间不留空的):bedroom,newspaper,horseback;b.Hyphenated(用连字符连接的):part-time,good-looking;c.Open(字间留空的):airforce,airraid,blacklist,blacksea4Characteristics4PhonologicalFeatures（音位学标准）:

compoundshaveahighorunitystressinthefirst

component.E.g.GrammaticalFeatures（语法特征）:

compoundshavetheirowngrammaticalfeatures.e.g.v.+n.breakwatern.;

n+-edhomemadeadj.;

adj+-ednewbornadj.

扬声器

loudspeaker

ratherthan

louderspeaker

compoundsphrases'bluebirdablue'bird'blackboardablack'board……5PhonologicalFeatures（音位学标准）:Formation合成名词

(Nouncompounds)合成动词(Verbcompounds)合成形容词(Adjectivecompounds)合成副词和合成代词

(AdverbcompoundsandPronouncompounds)6Formation6合成名词Nouncompounds方式例词名词+名词football,notebook,seafood,hand-book...形容词+名词blackboard,first-class,greenhouse…动名词+名词waiting-room,writing-desk,sleepingbag..动词+名词pickpocket,turn-coat,sleepwalker…副词+名词income,overcoat,inland…代词+名词he-goat,she-wolf…名词+介词+名词father-in-law,editor-in-chief…动词+副词take-off,breakup,breakdown…副词+动词output,download,overflow…7合成名词Nouncompounds方式例词名词+名词fo合成动词Verbcompounds构成方式例词名词+动词sleepwalk,waterski,daydream,sunbathe…副词+动词overcome,overeat,upload,uphold…形容词+副词whitewash,quick-charge,blacklist,ill-treat…其它方式blow-dry,spin-dry…梦游滑水做白日梦沐日光浴克服吃太多上传维护刷白快速充电列入黑名单虐待吹干甩干8合成动词Verbcompounds构成方式例词名词+动词合成形容词Adjectivecompounds

构成方式

例词过去分词或-ed词尾kind-hearted,middle-aged,new-born-ing词尾good-looking,easy-going,man-eating形+名或名+形full-time,first-class,ice-cold,brand-new其它方式two-hour,out-door,up-hill,see-through好心的中年的新生的好看的随和的吃人的全职的头等的冰冷的全新的两小时的户外的上山的透明的9合成形容词Adjectivecompounds构成方合成副词和合成代词

AdverbcompoundsandPronouncompounds构成方式例词合成副词empty-handed,single-handed,sidewayshowever,anywhere,downstairs合成代词myself,himself,ourselvessomeone,anybody,nothing,everyone空手地单枪匹马地向一边然而任何地方往楼下我自己他自己我们自己某人任何人没事每个人10合成副词和合成代词

AdverbcompoundsWordFormation:Blending混成法WordFormation:混成法Blending

BlendingThemeaningofblending

MIXblendsorportmanteauwordsThemeaningofblendingMIXble混成法（Blending）定义混成法：也叫混合法或拼缀法,是把两个词合在一起,其中至少有一个词失去部分音节或字母,新词的意义是它组成成分意义的融合或叠加。例如：newsbroadcast→newscast新闻广播televisionbroadcast→telecast电视播送smokeandfog→smog烟雾photoandgraphy→photography摄影，摄影术混成法（Blending）定义混成法：也叫混合法或拼缀法,是Moreandmorepoliceandtrafficexpertsbelievethat"autocide"isanimportantcauseoftrafficdeath.Theblackwomansupportedherbigfamilytoliveintheslurbwherefarawayfromthecenter.

slurb(美.市郊贫民区)=slum+suburbThechunnelbeneaththeEnglishChannel,putintoservicein1994,linkedEnglandandFrance.

chunnel(水底隧道)=channel+tunnelautocide(撞车自杀)=automobile+suicideheadtailheadtailtailheadStructure1

ThestructuresofblendingMoreandmorepoliceandtraffStructure1automobile+suicide=autocideslum+suburb=slurbchannel+tunnel=chunnel

狮虎兽：

广告统计学:经济滞胀:雾霾:head+taillion+tiger=ligeradvertising+statistics=advertisticsstagnation+inflation=stagflationsmoke+fog=smogStructure1automobile+suicidStructure2ThesitcomGrowingPainsisquitepopularinAmerica.

Thesestationswouldholdaprivatekeythatletthemrecognizetaggedconnectionsfrom

telexclients.

Withthehelpofcomsat,GoogleMapcouldcapturedeverydetailsoftheenvironmenttoanextremedegree.

telex(电传)=teleprinter+exchangersitcom(情景喜剧)=situation+comedyheadheadheadheadcomsat(卫星通讯)=communication+satelliteheadheadStructure2ThesitcomGrowingsituation+comedy=sitcomteleprinter+exchange=telexcommunication+satellite=comsat

Structure2head+headsituation+comedy=sitcomStrStructure3

医疗救助

head+wordmedicaid=medical+aid汽车野营autocamp=automobile+camp欧亚Eurasia=

Europe+AsiaStructure3医疗救助head+Structure4

劳动福利

流动书店bookmobileword+tail=talk+marathonworkfare=work+welfare=book+automobile冗长的谈话talkathonStructure4劳动福利流动书店bookmoConclusionBlendingisaveryproductiveprocessandmanycoinagesresultingfromblendinghavebecomewell-established.Moreover,theyevenserveasmodelsfornewformations(hamburger→beefburger,cheeseburger,etc.).Theoverwhelmingmajorityofblendsarenouns;veryfewareverbsandadjectivesareevenfewer.Thefewverbsare:telecast(fromtelevision+broadcast),guestimate(fromguess+estimate),andbreathalyse(frombreath+analyse).ConclusionBlendingisavery混成法构词兼具合成法与截略法两大构词特点，同时它正以最经济的空间和速度来汇集，传递尽可能多的自然科学、社会科学以及日常生活等方面的时代信息，它的出现是各种现代语言的普遍现象，已为人们普遍接受和运用。结论混成法构词兼具合成法与截略法两大构词特点，同时它正以最经济的Thankyou23Thankyou23合成法

compounding24合成法

compounding1CompoundingConceptCharacteristicsFormationCompoundingConceptConcept将两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词的构词法称为合成法。Compounding:aprocessbywhichacompoundlexemeisderivedfromtwoormoresimplerlexemes.26Concept3Characteristicstodistinguishacompoundfromafreephrase:SemanticFeatures(语义学标准):acompoundhasitownsemanticfeatures,ratherthanthemeaningcombinationofeachword.E.g.greenhousevs.greenhouseOrthographicFeatures（正字法标准）:Compoundsarewritteninvariousways.E.g.a.Solid(字间不留空的):bedroom,newspaper,horseback;b.Hyphenated(用连字符连接的):part-time,good-looking;c.Open(字间留空的):airforce,airraid,blacklist,blacksea27Characteristics4PhonologicalFeatures（音位学标准）:

compoundshaveahighorunitystressinthefirst

component.E.g.GrammaticalFeatures（语法特征）:

compoundshavetheirowngrammaticalfeatures.e.g.v.+n.breakwatern.;

n+-edhomemadeadj.;

adj+-ednewbornadj.

扬声器

loudspeaker

ratherthan

louderspeaker

compoundsphrases'bluebirdablue'bird'blackboardablack'board……28PhonologicalFeatures（音位学标准）:Formation合成名词

(Nouncompounds)合成动词(Verbcompounds)合成形容词(Adjectivecompounds)合成副词和合成代词

(AdverbcompoundsandPronouncompounds)29Formation6合成名词Nouncompounds方式例词名词+名词football,notebook,seafood,hand-book...形容词+名词blackboard,first-class,greenhouse…动名词+名词waiting-room,writing-desk,sleepingbag..动词+名词pickpocket,turn-coat,sleepwalker…副词+名词income,overcoat,inland…代词+名词he-goat,she-wolf…名词+介词+名词father-in-law,editor-in-chief…动词+副词take-off,breakup,breakdown…副词+动词output,download,overflow…30合成名词Nouncompounds方式例词名词+名词fo合成动词Verbcompounds构成方式例词名词+动词sleepwalk,waterski,daydream,sunbathe…副词+动词overcome,overeat,upload,uphold…形容词+副词whitewash,quick-charge,blacklist,ill-treat…其它方式blow-dry,spin-dry…梦游滑水做白日梦沐日光浴克服吃太多上传维护刷白快速充电列入黑名单虐待吹干甩干31合成动词Verbcompounds构成方式例词名词+动词合成形容词Adjectivecompounds

构成方式

例词过去分词或-ed词尾kind-hearted,middle-aged,new-born-ing词尾good-looking,easy-going,man-eating形+名或名+形full-time,first-class,ice-cold,brand-new其它方式two-hour,out-door,up-hill,see-through好心的中年的新生的好看的随和的吃人的全职的头等的冰冷的全新的两小时的户外的上山的透明的32合成形容词Adjectivecompounds构成方合成副词和合成代词

AdverbcompoundsandPronouncompounds构成方式例词合成副词empty-handed,single-handed,sidewayshowever,anywhere,downstairs合成代词myself,himself,ourselvessomeone,anybody,nothing,everyone空手地单枪匹马地向一边然而任何地方往楼下我自己他自己我们自己某人任何人没事每个人33合成副词和合成代词

AdverbcompoundsWordFormation:Blending混成法WordFormation:混成法Blending

BlendingThemeaningofblending

MIXblendsorportmanteauwordsThemeaningofblendingMIXble混成法（Blending）定义混成法：也叫混合法或拼缀法,是把两个词合在一起,其中至少有一个词失去部分音节或字母,新词的意义是它组成成分意义的融合或叠加。例如：newsbroadcast→newscast新闻广播televisionbroadcast→telecast电视播送smokeandfog→smog烟雾photoandgraphy→photography摄影，摄影术混成法（Blending）定义混成法：也叫混合法或拼缀法,是Moreandmorepoliceandtrafficexpertsbelievethat"autocide"isanimportantcauseoftrafficdeath.Theblackwomansupportedherbigfamilytoliveintheslurbwherefarawayfromthecenter.

slurb(美.市郊贫民区)=slum+suburbThechunnelbeneaththeEnglishChannel,putintoservicein1994,linkedEnglandandFrance.

chunnel(水底隧道)=channel+tunnelautocide(撞车自杀)=automobile+suicideheadtailheadtailtailheadStructure1

ThestructuresofblendingMoreandmorepoliceandtraffStructure1automobile+suicide=autocideslum+suburb=slurbchannel+tunnel=chunnel

狮虎兽：

广告统计学:经济滞胀:雾霾:head+taillion+tiger=ligeradvertising+statistics=advertisticsstagnation+inflation=stagflationsmoke+fog=smogStructure1automobile+suicidStructure2ThesitcomGrowingPainsisquitepopularinAmerica.

Thesestationswouldholdaprivatekeythatletthemrecognizetaggedconnectionsfrom

telexclients.

Withthehelpofcomsat,GoogleMapcouldcapturedeverydetailsoftheenvironmenttoanextremedegree.

telex(电传)=teleprinter+exchangersitcom(情景喜剧)=situation+comedyheadheadheadheadcomsat(卫星通讯)=communication+satelliteheadheadStructure2ThesitcomGrowing