e英语教程3Unit2课后问题详解

实用标准文案NotesforUnit2,BookThreeI.KeyWordsandUsefulExpressions(TextA)1holdon(L.5)1)surviveinadifficultordangeroussituation;hangon历经危难而不死；坚持住他们设法坚持住直到有救援到来。Theymanagedtoholdonuntilhelparrived.我觉得自己坚持不了多长时间了。Idon’tthinkIcanholdonmuchlonger.2)(infml)(usu.inimperative)waitandstop(通常用于祈使语句)等一下；停住停一停，让我喘口气。HoldonaminutewhileIgetmybreathback..2.defy(L.10)v1)disobeyorrefusetorespect(sb.,anauthority,etc.)违抗，反抗，藐视，蔑视（某人﹑权威等）他们违抗父母的意愿而结婚了。Theydefiedtheirparentsandgotmarried.任何蔑视法律的人都会受到惩罚。Anyonewhodefiesthelawwillbepublished.2)besodifficultastomake(sth.)impossible因为太困难而使不可能这门用什么方法也打不开。Thedoordefiedallattemptstoopenit.此问题无法解决。 The problem defied solution.3. given (L.13)1) prep. taking (sth.) into account 考虑到（某事物）鉴于政府在解决失业问题上成绩不佳，他们在选举中获胜机会似乎不大。Given the government’s record on unemployment, their chances of winning the election lookpoor.考虑到她喜欢孩子，我可以肯定教书是最适合她的职业。Giventhatsheisinterestedinchildren/Givenherinterestinchildren,Iamsureteachingistherightcareerforher.2)adj.(esp.attrib)specifiedorstated(尤作定语)确定的；所述的；规定的精彩文档实用标准文案他们要在规定的时间和地点会晤。Theyweretomeetatagiventimeandplace.这项工作必须在规定时间内完成。Thisworkmustbedonewithinthegiventime.4.crush(onsth.)n.(L.16)(infml)strongbuttypicalbriefliking(forsb.)喜爱小学生往往很钦佩老师。Schoolchildrenoftenhave/getcrushesonteachers.乔治对玛丽有意思哦。GorgehasabigcrushonMary.5.fancy(L.18)v.1)(infml)haveadesireorwishfor(sth.);want渴望或希望得到（某事物）；想要我想来杯茶。Ifancyacupoftea.你晚饭喜欢吃什么？Whatdoyoufancyforsupper?2)thinkorbelieve(sth.);imagine想；以为；想象我看今天要下雨。Ifancy(that)it’sgoingtoraintoday.他好像听到身后有脚步声。Hefanciedheheardfootstepsbehindhim.短语:fancyoneself(assth.)(infml)自命不凡；自负blossomv.(L.40)1)(ofatreeorshrub)produceflower（指树木）开花樱桃树今年开花早。Thecherrytreesblossomedearlythisyear.2)out(intosth.)(fig.)developinahealthyorpromisingway;growordevelop(intosth.);flouris健康的成长；长成或发展成（某事物）；兴盛莫扎特早在童年时已初露头角（成为作曲家）。Mozart blossomed (as a composer) very early in life.她已亭亭玉立，成了美丽的少女。 She has blossomed (out) into a beautiful young lady.7. restraint n. (L.48)1) [C] ～on sth./sb. thing that checks or controls; restriction 起遏制作用的事物；管制措施；约束力精彩文档实用标准文案他勇于打破常规的约束。 He is never afraid to get off the restraints of convention.她再也无法忍受有限的收入对家庭开支预算的约束了。She began to find the restraints on the family budget of a limitedincome unbearable.2) [U] the state of being controlled or checked抑制，遏制；管制；约束那孩子的感情一直受到压抑。The child’s affections were kept under/suffered continual restraint.8. jump/climb/get on the bandwagon (L.55) joining others in doing sth. fashionable or likely to be successful 赶浪头；赶时髦；随大流低腰牛仔裤现在很流行，人人趋之若骛呢。Low-waist jeans are so popular now―everyone is jumping on the bandwagon.我想也不妨像人们说的赶赶时髦。I suppose I may as well climb on the bandwagon, as they say.背景文化：bandwagon指的是有乐队的马车。在十九世纪的美国南方，参选人为了吸引选民注意，在选战进入紧锣密鼓阶段会安排车队造势， 在车阵的最前方会有一辆上面有乐队表演的马车。 拜票过程中，民众会跳上车表示支持，期待该候选人当选了，可从中捞到好处。后来，人们便将“跳上乐队车”引申为“赶时髦”之意。9. via prep. (L.58) by way of (sth.); through 经由（某事物）；通过我可以通过内部通讯系统给他发个通知。Icansendhimanoteviatheinternalmailsystem.他取道土耳其来到欧洲。HecametoEuropeviaTurkey.10.blamesth.onsb./blamesb.(forsth.)(L.63-64)considerorsaythatsb.isresponsibleforsth.done(badlyorwrongly)ornotdone责怪；责备；归咎于她把婚姻的触礁归咎于他。Sheblamedthefailureoftheirmarriageonhim.调查组指出火车司机应对事故负责。Theinquiryblamedthetraindriverfortheaccident.精彩文档实用标准文案11.acquirevt.(L.73)gain(sth.)byone’sownability,effortsorbehavior（靠自己的能力﹑努力或行为而）获得，得到（某事物）学好英语acquireagoodknowledgeofEnglish学会喝白兰地酒acquireatasteofbrandy得到不诚实的名声acquireareputationofdishonesty我妹妹无法把她的书桌搬入新居，我就是这样才得到它的。My sister couldn’t take her desk with her to the new house: that is how I came toacquire it.12. let sb. loose (on sth.) (L.83) allow sb. to deal with sth. intheir own way （在某场合）让任意行动，给予自由把狗放开一会吧。 Let the dog loose for a minute.只有当人们有足够训练之后，才允许他们在体制内自由发展。Peopleareonlyletlooseonthesystemoncetheyhavereceivedsufficienttraining.13.forgevt.(L.84)1)shape(sth.)byheatingitinafireandhammering锻造；打铁锻造剑﹑铁链等forgeasword,achain,etc2)(fig)create(usu.alastingrelationship)bymeansofmuchhardwork（靠艰苦工作）建立（通常为长期关系）建立同盟﹑联系﹑联盟等forgeabond,alink,analliance,etc患难中建立起来的友谊afriendshipforgedbyadversityGiven,（L.13-14）鉴于的情况就这台发动机的情况来看，只要能发动它就算是奇迹了。Given the condition of the engine, it is a wonder that it even starts.鉴于他的名声，我无法确定我们是否应该聘用他。Given his reputation, I am not sure we should hire him.15. there is much more than (L.78-79) 决不仅仅意味着沙漠所意味的远远不只是沙子。 There is much more to a desert than sand.精彩文档实用标准文案II. Key Words and Useful Expressions (Text B)1. moist (L. 2) 潮湿的；湿润的要记得按时给植物浇水以保持土壤湿润。Do remember to water the plant regularly to keep the soil moist.他妹妹双眼噙着泪水。 His sister ’s eyes became moist.派生词 moisten v. （使事物）潮湿，湿润moisture n. 潮湿，水气 moisturize v. （施化妆品）使（皮肤）滋润2. engaged adj. (L. 16) (usu. pred.)（指一人或两人）已订婚 ; 忙的，没空的她和彼得定了婚。 She’s engaged to Peter.我告诉他我在忙别的事。 I told him I was otherwise engaged.同源词： engaging adj. 吸引注意力的；迷人的3. fascinate vt. (L.23) 使（某人）着迷﹑神魂颠倒或极感兴趣孩子们让商店橱窗里的玩具给吸引住了。Thechildrenwerefascinatedbythetoysintheshopwindow.我瞧着她，完全被她迷住了。Iwatchedher,hecourseof(L.36)在期间新的铁路正在建设中。Thenewrailwayisinthecourseofconstruction.在面试过程中中我的心跳得厉害。Myheartbeatthicklyinthecourseoftheinterview.5.manipulatev.(L.38)熟练控制或操纵（某事物）原始人很快就学会了使用工具。Primitivemanquicklylearnedhowtomanipulatetools.你知道如何使用计算机吗?Doyouknowhowtomanipulateacomputer?6.agonizingadj.(L.46)使人痛苦的折磨人的疼痛 an agonizing pain恼人的耽搁 an agonizing delay痛苦的决定 an agonizing decision所有中国人无不殷切盼望早日结束这种令人痛心的局面。精彩文档实用标准文案AlltheChinesepeopleareyearningforanearlyendtothisagonizingsituation同源词：agonizev.（对某事物）极度忧虑或担心agonizeda.表示痛苦的7.clipvt.(L.58)（用剪刀）剪（某物）；（尤指）剪短，修剪为参加狗展把狗的毛剪短了。Thedog’sfurwasclippedshortfortheshow.她将旧的纪录缩短了近两秒。Sheclippednearlytwosecondsofftheoldrecord.8.filevt.(L.58)用锉切削（某物）她在很仔细地锉指甲。Sheisfilingherfinger-nailswithgreatcare.发动机的号码被锉掉了。Theenginenumberswerefiledaway.9.yieldvi.(L.72)屈服，让步；（对某人/某事物）不再反对该城受长期围困而被迫弃守。Thetownwasforcedtoyieldafteralongsiege.她禁不住诱惑，又吃了一块巧克力。Sheyieldedtotemptationandhadanotherchocolate.10.invain(L.74)结果地，徒然;无效果的，无用的昨晚我怎么也睡不着。Itriedinvaintosleeplastnignt.我们的工作全都白干了。Allourworkwasinvain.KeystotheExercisesEnhance Your Language AwarenessWORDSIN ACTIONWorkingwithWordsandExpressions1.1)curled2)minimum3)clip4)yielded5)Given6)awaiting7)fascinated8)affection9)interact10)haste11)harden12)grief13)defies14)glance15)presence16)lasting17)via18)acquire19)manipulate20)restraints2.1)letlooseon2)fitinto3)holdon4)stateofaffairs5)inthecourseof6)invain7)buildon8)Inshort精彩文档实用标准文案9)growusedto10)blameon11)reachedfor12)giveandtakeIncreasingYourWordPower1.1)overcoat2)overhead3)overjoyed4)overslept5)overweight6)overdue7)overtime8)overworking2.1)crush2)attribtes3)fancy4)bubbled5)grasp6)drizzling7)labeling8)yield3.1)Weareshortofhands.2)Istillhavesomemoneyinhand.3)Givemeahandwiththisbox,please.4)Ioftenkeepadictionaryathand.5)Thefootballfanswereoutofhand.6)Handoutthepencilstoeveryoneintheclass.7)Thisringwashandeddowntomebymygrandmother.8)Time’sup.Pleasehandinyourtestpapers.9)Pleasehandonthemagazinetoyourroommates.10)I’mafraidIcan’thelpyou.I’magreenhand.GRAMMARREVIEW1.1)Sittingonthestairswas//Onthestairswassitting2)Overthewallcame/flew3)Roundthecornerwas4)Thenfinallycame5)Underthetablewaslying6)At/Onthetopof(Ontopof)thehillstood2.1)Thebeaverchewsdowntreestogetfoodandmaterialtobuilditshomewith.2)DoyourparentsthinkTomisaniceboytogooutwith?3)Thegoalsforwhichhehasfoughtallhislifeseemunimportanttohimnow.None.精彩文档实用标准文案5) The essay starts by asking a question, to which the author thengives a positive answer.CLOZE1. 1) haste 2) state of affairs 3) distinguished 4) meeting of minds 5) blossom6) inner charm 7) intimacy 8) emotion 9) acquiring 10) ideals 11) admiration12) lasting 13) affection 14) forge 15) honor 16) overwhelmingTRANSLATION1）无论是友情还是爱情， 你都不可能期待自己付出最少而得到最多。 （maximum; minimum）Ineitherfriendshiporlove/Inbothfriendshipandlove,youshouldneverexpecttotake/receivethemaximumwhileyougivetheminimum.2）我把全部希望寄托在他的承诺上，结果却发现他根本不是个真诚的人。（buildon;sincerity）Ibuiltallmyhopesonhispromise(s),onlytofindthathewasnotamanofsincerityatall.3）我们带母亲去了所有我们能找到的最好的医院，但一切努力都是徒劳的。母亲还是没能熬过那次疾病（invain）WetookMothertoallthebesthospitalswecouldfind,butalloureffortswereinvain;shefailedtosurvivethedisease.4）情人节（Valentine’sDay）是个一年一度在2月14日庆祝的节日，一个向自己心仪的对象表达爱意的好日子。（affection）Valendine’sDayisanannualholidaycelebratedonFebruary14,aperfectdaytoexpresslovetotheobjectofyour/one’saffection.5.在信息时代，通过电子邮件方式跟远方的朋友交流几乎可以是同步的（simultaneous）。（era;via）Intheinformationera,communicationswithfar-awayfriendsviae-mailcanbealmost/virtuallysimultaneous.6）爱情需要时间，因为只有慢慢习惯和学会欣赏对方才会产生出爱情。（growusedto;forge）精彩文档实用标准文案Lovetakestime,foritisnotforgeduntilyouhavegrownusedtotheother’scompanyandlearnedtoappreciatetheother.ParagraphTransltionAfterdinner,weallsataroundthehearth.AuntSusanwasstillinthegriefoflosingUncleRobert.Inhersoftvoiceshetoldusabouttheirpastyears.UncleRobertjoinedthearmyshortlyaftertheywereengaged.Giventhecriticalsituationatthetimewhenlotsofarmymendidn’treturnalive,youcanimaginehowmuchoverjoyedAuntSusanwastoseeUncleRobertcomebacksafeandsoundfromtheEuropeanbattlefield.Thentheygotmarriedandbroughtupfivechildren.Forallthoseyears,theiraffectionforeachothergrewstrongerinthecourseofovercomingdifficultiesandhardshipsinlife.IwasfascinatedbyAuntSusan’sstory,whichwastotallydifferentfrommyidealoflove.Theypracticedgivingandsharingintheirdailylifeinsteadofpursuingpassionandromance.Amazingly,suchlovelastedthroughtheirwholelife.IV.Writing1.WritingSkillHowtowritealetterofapplicationThepurposeofaletterofapplicationistohelptheapplicantobtainthejobheisinterestedin.Itshouldstateclearlywhatpositiontheapplicantwants,andshouldtellwhathisabilitiesarewhathehastooffer.Itshouldprovideaquick,clearpictureoftheapplicant’squalifications,accomplishmentandaims.Itshouldpresenttheapplicanttopossibleemployorsinthebestlight.BasicstructureTheopening,inwhichyou—Explainhowyouheardaboutthevacancy;—Specifythejobyouareseeking;—Introduceyourself.Thesalespitch,inwhichyou精彩文档实用标准文案—Firstsaysomethingaboutyourselfthatwillmakeyourreaderwanttogoonreading;—Thenanswerthequestion“whyyou”ofalltheapplicationsorresumestheyhavereceivedbystatingyouraccomplishmentsandabilities;—thentellthemyougenuinelywanttoworkforthecompany/organization,etc.Thecallforaction,inwhichyou—Suggestwhatyouwilldotofollowup;—Requestaninterview.The closing, in which you end the letter in a business-like mannerby— Using “sincerely (yours) ”.2. Useful expressions1)ApplicationsforentrytoacollegeIamwritingtoaswhetheryoucouldsendmesomeinformationaboutyourcollegeandfortheapplicationformsIamwritingtoyouinthehopethatImayobtainanopportunitytodograduatestudyinouruniversity2)ApplicationforjobsIseefromyouradvertisementinyesterday’sChinaDailythatIaminterestedinthepost/Ishouldliketoapplyforthepostofwhichyouadvertisedinyesterday’sChinaDailyIshouldverymuchliketobeconsideredforthepostofwhichwasadvertisedinIamlookingforajobas,andwouldbegratefulifyouwouldconsidermeforsuchapostinyourfirm.Thankyouforyourtimeandconsideration.Icancomeforaninterviewatanytimeconvenienttoyou.Ilookforwardtoyourearlyreply/theinterview.IlookforwardtohearingfromyouandIdohopeIshallhavetheopportunityofaninterview.精彩文档实用标准文案3.WritingPractice:LearntowriteanapplicationletterfromtheexampleDirections:Youwanttoapplyforthefollowingjob:waiter/waitressrequiredforeveningwork..WritealettertoMr.Henry(theboss)to:1)showyourinterestintheposition,2)explainwhyyouwouldbesuitableforthejob,3)lookforwardtothepossibleinterviewwithhim.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“LiMing”instead.Donotwritetheaddress.SampleDearMr.Henry,Iamwritingtoexpressmyinterestinyourrecentlyadvertisedpositionforawaitress.Enclosedwiththisletterismyresume,whichfurtherdetailsmypreviousworkexperienceandqualifications.First,notonlydomyqualificationsandworkexperiencemakemeaperfectcandidateforthejob,mypersonalityiswellsuitedtoworkingasawaitress.Second,Iamaveryfriendlypers