中国的过去和现在 Chinese Culture Tradition and Change课件

ChineseCulture:TraditionandChangeMarinaKravtsova,MariaAndrade,AnthonyEngland,WhitneyHaneyHonor’sColloquium,OklahomaCityUniversity,OklahomaCity,OklahomaWhichaspectsofChineseculturehaveremainedconstant?Whichhavechanged?FourAspectsofStudy:FoodIdiomsPoetryMusic食物FoodConfucianismTaoismElevatedcookingtoanartform.Establishedstandardsandappearanceofcooking.Establishedpropertableetiquette.Responsibleforthedevelopmentofthehygienicaspectsoffoodandcooking.Concernedwiththenutritionalattributesofvariousfoods.Focusedonthemedicalvalueoffoods.AnArtistic&ScientificViewChineseviewonfoodisdeeplyrootedinConfucianismandTaoism.RegionalCuisineChinahasmanydistinctstylesoffoodbasedongeography,climate,resources,cookingmethods,andlifestyle.DistinctChinesecuisinesarelooselydividedintoeightregionsor“EightGreatTraditions”:AnhuiJiangsuCantoneseShandongFujianSichuanHunanZhejiangTRADITION成语Idioms

Chengyu:four-characterphraseswithculture-uniquemeaningsTaughtinschoolstohelpstudentslearntowritethecharactersNotinfluencedbyotherculturesChinesepeopletakeprideinpreservingowncultureExamplesofChengyuChineseIdiomEnglishTranslation瓜田李下(guōtiánlǐxià)“MelonFieldUnderPlums”一毛不拔(yīmàobúbà)“NotPullOneHair”对牛弹琴(duìniútánqín)“PlayanInstrumentforaCow”Storyof破釜沉舟

(pòfǔchénzhōu)TRADITIONTraditionalPoetry“NightThoughts”byLiBai

(730BCE)

Iwakeandmoonbeamsplayaroundmybed

Glitteringlikehoarfrosttomywonderingeyes

UpwardsthegloriousmoonIraisemyhead

ThenlaymedownandthoughtsofhomeariseFromexaminingexampleofpoetry,changeisclearlyevidentReasonsforchange:EntranceofEnglishRomanticpoetryinthe1920’sDemiseofDynasticalsystemtowardscommuniststructureIntellectualsagainstthegovernment’sactionsbegintousepoemstospeakoutagainstwrongsratherthancreateaformofart.ContemporaryPoetryCHANGETimelineofEventsDynastictimes:Chineseopera,yayue(classical,elegantmusicoftheimperialcourts)1900:EnglishpopularandWesternclassicalmusicgrewalongwithBritishinfluenceoverChinesemusic1920:ShidaiquisstartedbyLiJinhuiintheRepublicofChina.(Chinesefolk,Europeanjazzfusion)1930:ShidaiquconvertstoC-pop1940:CommunistPartyofChinalabelsc-popas“yellowmusic”whichmeantobscene,sexual,pornographic,etc.Governmentcensorshipandcontrolbegins1950:C-popconvertstomandopopandcantopop

1970:MaoZedongandCPCevolvepatrioticmusicintorevolutionarymusic1990:PrisonsongbecomesChineseRock(CuiJianinitiatedgenre).Karaokeculturebeings2000:PunkRockandHipHopbegintoemergeinChina.ThreeMajorSchoolsofChineseMusic1.AimedatrevivingtheoldthousandpieceorchestrathatoncedelightedancientprincesandsagesandresistedtheinfluenceofWesternmusic.2.ExclusivelyWesternMusic3.PrideintraditionalChinesemusicculturebutacceptanceofWesterntechniquesofcompositionandperformance.ChineseGenresSince1912Popmusic:C-popbeganwithShidaiqu,foundedbyLiJinhui,withWesternjazzinfluence.BecauseoftheCommunistParty’scensorshipthemainlandremainedonthesidelineofPopmusicwhilecantopoparoseinHongKong,followedbymandopopinTaiwan.DespiteChina’spopulation,thecountryisstillnotconsideredaleadproducerofmodernmusic.Sincetheendofthe20thcentury,popmusicinmainlandChinahasstartedtogainpopularityandevenmanyChinese,Taiwanese,andHongKongperformersusedtheirmusicforthe2008OlympicsinBeijing.HiphopandRap: ChineseRap,HongKonghiphop,andTaiwanesehiphopRockandheavymetal:Rockmusic’spioneerinChineseculturewasCuiJianwhofirstusedtheelectricguitarandbecamethemostfamousperformerofhismusic’sgeneration.Hismusicangeredthegovernmentcausingmanyofhisconcertstobebannedorcancelledandin1989heparticipatedintheTiananmenSquareprotestsbyplayingwitharedblindfoldaroundhisheadasanactionagainstthegovernment.Westerninfluenceisalsoexemplifiedinthe“BlackPanther’s”(HeiBao’s)firstcdinwhichheusedtheEnglishsong“Don’tBreakMyHeart”asatemplateforhisown.Around1995Chinesemetal/rockbandswereinfluencedbygroupslikeKorn,LimpBizkit,andLinkinPark.PunkRock:ThefirstwaveofpunkrockinChinacameaboutin1995,thesecondin1997,bothcenteredinBeijing.RevolutionaryMusic:Borderingcultstatus,thispatrioticmusichasbeenthemostgovernmentsupportedgenreespeciallyunderpro-CommunistleaderlikeMaoZedong.Music’sSignificanceonChineseCulture BecauseofmainlandChina’sCommunistcensorshipovermusic,piracyhasbecomeahugeissueinthemusicindustry.FormanyyearsmusicwaspiratedintothemainlandfromareaslikeTaiwanbecauseoftheCommunistbansandcancelledconcertsandbecauseofthisprecedentthetrendhascontinuedandnowmusicisusuallyreleasedfirstinTaiwanorHongKongandthenpiratedintothemainland.CHANGEWorksCitedSources"ChinaGuide".2005.ChinaGuideCorporation.8Nov2008<>.ChineseCooking.Ed.XiaoniuSuChuHsu.ReedInternalBooksLimited.1998.26Oct.2008< >.“ChineseCulinaryCulture.”EthnicF.2005.KavitaMehta.20Oct.2008< ChineseCulinaryHistory.htm>.Chinese-T.Jazar2008.28Oct2008.<>.“FoodinChineseCulture.”Index-C.RadiantSolutionsCorporation.22Oct.2008< /index-china-food/food-culture.htm>."History/PhilosophyofChineseMusicinrelationtotheYellowBellLegend".YellowBellMusicWorld.4Nov2008 <>.

Liang,M.Y.(1985).Musicofthebillion:AnintroductiontoChinesemusicalculture.NY:Heinrichshofen.

Scales&scores scannedfrompp.85,205.Parkinson,Rho